癌症治疗中的量子纠结:放弃,还是不放弃?
<span style="color: black;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重要</span>词提示</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">K药:PD-1抗体Keytruda,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">O药:PD-1抗体Opdivo,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">I药:PD-L1抗体Imfinzi,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">T药: PD-L1 抗体Tecentriq,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉非替尼:EGFR 一代靶向药</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">厄洛替尼:EGFR 一代靶向药</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">泰瑞沙:EGFR 三代靶向药</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">贝伐单抗:VEGF抗体</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放弃是一件<span style="color: black;">不易</span>的事。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电影《藏龙卧虎》,有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一句话:<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都应该懂得舍弃,紧握双手,肯定是什么<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>,打开双手,<span style="color: black;">最少</span>还有<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlXETx1nIVvwAvJOIexsGtqv1wNFich8g4ic3D90IUBpPmKQ0qgg91eYwq9OsiaPrDs8AGUCof632jvbeHuxBW6Bw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这句话太有哲理,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>人都不会这么想。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>说对癌症的治疗,有的人看到癌症免疫治疗很火,PD-1,PD-L1抗体效果不错,便觉得什么样的癌症都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>去试一试。对<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,要紧紧抓在手里,才有<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>“有的人”,其实指的不是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,而是设计临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的人。这些人按理说是专业人士,对癌症治疗的理解甩<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>好几条街,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>这么设计临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,到底是因<span style="color: black;">为何</span>呢?</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“锤子在手”</strong></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国有句俗话:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你手里有把锤子,那你眼中可能到处都是钉子!什么意思呢?锤子是敲钉子的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,一但有这个<span style="color: black;">工具</span>在手,人们便会在潜<span style="color: black;">认识</span>里到处寻找钉子来敲击。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许有人<span style="color: black;">由于</span>“锤子在手”,就有了设计临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的思路,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>越硬的“钉子”,越想去敲一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlXETx1nIVvwAvJOIexsGtqv1wNFich8g1R3Fun1UicwkfwjdDCrnE6c4XNH2wc4dBF60vOPLsDWDT2InKpPaGGQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,有EGFR突变、ALK重组的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,其实<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>PD-1抗体对这些人的治疗效果都不太好,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>此类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的临床试验<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都不接受这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>有人不信这个邪,有PD-1抗体的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,专门就针对这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>PD-1抗体K药的一个II期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,受试者都是EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。为了<span style="color: black;">保证</span>K药能最大限度地发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>PD-L1表达阳性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">设计这么一个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,依据是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>非小细胞肺癌的治疗,虽然K药对有EGFR有突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>效果<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>仔细看了之前的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果,其实<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>接受过EGFR靶向治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,K药的效果似乎还是不错的。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>霸王硬上弓,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要再做一个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,把这个问题搞清楚。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果呢?这个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>本来计划招25个人,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在11个人接受治疗之后,<span style="color: black;">实验</span>宣布停止了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>看不到效果!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11个接受治疗的人,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一个<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了客观缓解,客观缓解率ORR是9%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更悲催的是,复查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><strong style="color: blue;">这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>其实<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>EGFR突变</strong>!之前的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果是错误的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>,永不放弃<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个错误。<span style="color: black;">不愿</span>正视PD-1抗体的弱点,非要用PD-1抗体去治疗有EGFR突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,其实是耽误了这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受有效治疗的机会。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>错错得正,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>误诊,反而让一个<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>了接受K药治疗的机会,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>效果还不错,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>算是不幸中的万幸。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“与富联手”</strong></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>很难有非黑即白的东西,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,EGFR突变和PD-1抗体<span style="color: black;">没</span>效性的关系,却是个例外,非常清楚。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">清楚是清楚,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>手里握着PD-1抗体的人,还是不愿放弃EGFR突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有一种策略,叫做“与富联手”,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>PD-1抗体比<span style="color: black;">不外</span>EGFR靶向治疗的效果,干脆就联合靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">一块</span>上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为啥叫做“与富联手”呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咱们用世界<span style="color: black;">巨豪</span>来举个例子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlXETx1nIVvYy7o7f6AB5520monBIrnVpWp7CcgV8NXcWUtoCiaqbP0dysSjmPqM8aAiblf7Zr68nD2BzKnEb9Yw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今世界<span style="color: black;">巨豪</span>是亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯,这个信息是前两天贝佐斯离婚的八卦<span style="color: black;">信息</span>出来后才<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到的。离了婚他还是不是<span style="color: black;">巨豪</span>有待证实,但不管<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>,这不<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,假设他仍然是<span style="color: black;">巨豪</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很显然,生姜肯定<span style="color: black;">无</span>贝佐斯富有,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>把生姜的身家和贝佐斯加起来,那肯定<span style="color: black;">能够</span>打败其他任何一个富豪啊!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的设计中,这是不费脑子就能想出来的策略。既然EGFR靶向药效果不错,为啥不联合靶向药进行治疗呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在K药的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>keynote-021里,就有两组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌,分别接受了K药联合厄洛替尼<span style="color: black;">或</span>吉非替尼进行一线治疗。很不幸,K药联合吉非替尼治疗的毒性太大,这一组7人,有5人<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了三级以上不良反应,4人<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>完全停止了治疗。相比之下,K药联合厄洛替尼的不良反应还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>承受,治疗后的客观缓解率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有41.7%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,这个41.7%的客观缓解率其实很不怎么样,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>单独<span style="color: black;">运用</span>一代EGFR靶向药厄洛替尼进行一线治疗,客观缓解率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到62.7% 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">看到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的结果,有人还是不放弃,有<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">博主</span>抓住中位数<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(PFS)说事:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“K药+厄洛替尼一线治疗的中位PFS居然高达19.5个月!完胜一代EGFR靶向药单药一线治疗的PFS(<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>9-12个月),<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>超过了三代EGFR靶向药奥希替尼的18.9个月”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,这个K药+厄洛替尼联合组,其实<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>12个人,这么少的人数,数据的偏差会很大,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许再多试一个人,PFS就能降好几个月。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的完胜<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法实锤!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,<strong style="color: blue;">“与富联手”联手,<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>治疗效果的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,不良反应的叠加却非常<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,属于典型的过度治疗</strong>,<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>临床治疗中的标准疗法。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“捡漏”</strong></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“与富联手”<span style="color: black;">不可</span>成功,有人还是不放弃,认为<span style="color: black;">能够</span>等<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对靶向药产生抗药性之后,再试一下PD-1抗体。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个策略就叫“捡漏”!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>就有一个临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,想<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>PD-1抗体联合化疗(O药联合培美曲塞/铂类)<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>比化疗的效果更好,受试者是 EGFR 突变阳性、一代靶向药耐药,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>T790M突变的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从<span style="color: black;">规律</span>上<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的设计<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>离谱,毕竟<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这些有耐药性的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>除了化疗,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>太多好办法。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,鉴于PD-1抗体对EGFR突变的效果<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对此临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的期望不要太高。<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到可能叠加的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,参加<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最好是能被分到单独<span style="color: black;">运用</span>化疗的对照组,<span style="color: black;">最少</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>小一点。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“PD-L1"抗体有效性到底<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>?</strong></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然PD-1和PD-L1的抗体都是免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点阻断剂,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制上,应该还是有区别的。从<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果来看,PD-L1抗体可能对有EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌还是有<span style="color: black;">那样</span>一点点<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>I药,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>用于III期不可手术的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>放化疗之后的维持治疗,所<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的适应症<span style="color: black;">包含</span>了有EGFR突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,对太平洋临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的亚组分析<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是有EGFR突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在接受I药治疗之后,虽然有能够<span style="color: black;">得到</span>更长的<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期的趋势,但并不是很<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。鉴于这些IIIB期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>适用EGFR靶向药,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>三代靶向药泰瑞沙应该还是首选。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有T药,在一个三期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>OAK中,测试二线治疗非小细胞肺癌的效果,治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>里就有EGFR靶向药治疗耐药之后的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,与化疗相比,T药治疗把<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期中位数从9.6个月<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>到了13.8个月。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果不错,FDA在2016年<span style="color: black;">准许</span>了T药<span style="color: black;">做为</span>有转移的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在化疗<span style="color: black;">或</span>EGFR靶向治疗之后的二线治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不仅如此,对临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>比较在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>两年之后的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率,化疗治疗<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>18%,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>T药治疗之后<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>到28%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个结果,应该说还是不错的。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,这个T药的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>最好的呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在OAK临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>以后,FDA在2015年<span style="color: black;">准许</span>了泰瑞沙,用于一代靶向药耐药后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>T790M突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,在T药<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>的时候,这些耐药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">都数</span>都会<span style="color: black;">运用</span>泰瑞沙<span style="color: black;">做为</span>标准疗法。在2018年,FDA进一步<span style="color: black;">准许</span>了泰瑞沙<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一线治疗的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,适用于有EGFR<span style="color: black;">关联</span>突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,从某种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,T药所面临的治疗格局<span style="color: black;">已然</span>改变了,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>EGFR突变的耐药者,T药的<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>过时了。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“<span style="color: black;">豪气</span>套餐”能走多远?</strong></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实还没等T药<span style="color: black;">得到</span>肺癌二线适应症<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,药企<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不指望它能在EGFR突变的二线治疗方面有所斩获了,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>又设计了一个IMpower150三期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是验证T药一线治疗的效果,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">显现</span>EGFR靶向药耐药性的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被随机分入三组:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A组: T药+化疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B组: T药+贝伐单抗+化疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C组: 贝伐单抗+化疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中的化疗,是4个<span style="color: black;">或</span>6个周期的卡铂+紫杉醇。在化疗结束之后,还要继续<span style="color: black;">运用</span>T药和贝伐单抗进行维持治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果来看,A组和C组客观缓解率差别不大,分别为36%和42%,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>B组<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到了71%;A组和C组中位数PFS相同,都是6.9个月,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>B组<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到10.2个月。A组和C组总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期中位数略有区别,分别为21.4个月和18.7个月,B组有<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span> 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,T药+贝伐单抗+化疗这一个<span style="color: black;">豪气</span>套餐,看上去对治疗靶向药耐药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有效。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>关心的问题,并不是“EGFR靶向药耐药怎么办”?<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的问题太笼统,跟“癌症怎么治”有一拼。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三代靶向药都推到一线了,真正<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题是:三代靶向药耐药后怎么办?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">或</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>先<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了一代靶向药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题是:对一代耐药,又<span style="color: black;">无</span>适合三代靶向药的T790M突变,应该怎么办?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个<span style="color: black;">豪气</span>套餐的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,严格<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>回答上面两个问题。<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面的耐药性,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>只是对一代药耐药,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不清楚其中多少是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">运用</span>三代靶向药的。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>此<span style="color: black;">实验</span>每组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>很少,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>40人<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,要再细分亚组进行分析,结论<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但既然是<span style="color: black;">豪气</span>套餐,价格<span style="color: black;">必要</span>是<span style="color: black;">高挑</span>上的。T药在中国还<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>参考O药,即便算上赠药的折扣,每年还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>支付20万<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。贝伐单抗本来每年的花费<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是30多万,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>2018年进了<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>,价格下降60%,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>还能报销一部分,但即便如此,每年的<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>仍是7、8万<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>担心泰瑞沙耐药的人,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>最<span style="color: black;">不可</span>轻言放弃的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,毕竟是看到了一线<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而这家药企,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>手里“锤子”比较多,不<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>T药,还有贝伐单抗,似乎凭着永不放弃的精神,敲出了一条道路。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">豪气</span>套餐的治疗效果能坐实。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>有效的治疗不要<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">豪气</span>,否则,面对着药价,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能就放弃了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlXETx1nIVvYy7o7f6AB5520monBIrnVgbicMlqZAANUhHIlXbxcqK2TX1bhndALrlbbyrDQUiciagDbic5cIfNCrA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. Lisberg, A., et al., A Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab inEGFR-Mutant, PD-L1+, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Naïve Patients With AdvancedNSCLC. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2018. 13(8): p. 1138-1145.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. Yang,J.C.-H., et al., Brief Report:Pembrolizumab in Combination With Erlotinib or Gefitinib as First-Line Therapyfor Advanced Non&#x2013;Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Sensitizing<em>EGFR</em> Mutation. Journal of Thoracic Oncology.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. Wu,Y.L., et al., First-line erlotinib versusgemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positivenon-small-cell lung cancer: analyses from the phase III, randomized,open-label, ENSURE study. Ann Oncol, 2015. 26(9): p. 1883-9.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. vonPawel, J., et al., Long-term survival inpatients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumabversus docetaxel: Results from the randomised phase III OAK study. Eur JCancer, 2019. 107: p. 124-132.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. Mok,T.S.K., et al., LBA9IMpower150: Anexploratory analysis of efficacy outcomes in patients with EGFR mutations.Annals of Oncology, 2018. 29(suppl_9).</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(作者:张洪涛,笔名“一节生姜”。宾夕法尼亚大学医学院病理及实验医药系<span style="color: black;">科研</span>副教授,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>:癌症的靶向治疗以及免疫治疗。著有科普读物:《吃什么呢?——舌尖上的思考》,《<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>舌尖能思考》。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>谈最前沿的医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>讲最通俗的故事。)</p>
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