这个癌症发病率排名前五！深圳医生揭秘人体最大的免疫器官
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240529/268489cf96bb47bcbbf2c90a1aeffc23.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肚子痛，可能是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都有过的经历。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>肚子痛的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>，其中一个<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>肠道疾患。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的肠道<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>只负责消化，它还是人体<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的免疫器官，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肠道<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，那对<span style="color: black;">全部</span>身体都产生影响，其中影响最大的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>结直肠癌。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>深圳市慢性病防治中心<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的2023年度全市肿瘤发病<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>，结直肠癌发病数排名前五，严重威胁人民群众的健康。所幸结直肠癌是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>筛查早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>早治疗，而<span style="color: black;">初期</span>结直肠癌的治愈率高达90%以上。本期《略知二事》，深圳市第二人民医院胃肠外科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师秦颖和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享<span style="color: black;">相关</span>肠道的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>事儿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240529/a2efed92029b4da4a6b6ffd44852d4f2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">讲述人：深圳市第二人民医院胃肠外科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师 秦颖</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上，病人来<span style="color: black;">检测</span>时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候都觉得很<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>，其实，<span style="color: black;">无</span>突然“<span style="color: black;">出现</span>”的肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span>“<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>”的肿瘤。除非极个别恶性程度非常高的肿瘤，其他大部分肿瘤留了足够的时间，让<span style="color: black;">大众</span>去<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它。这其中，结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个有足够时间去<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>的肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享一个数据，85%的肠癌是散发性肠癌，其发病规律是从息肉经过漫长的时间转变成肠癌，这个癌变时间<span style="color: black;">能够</span>长达10-15年，这<span style="color: black;">时期</span>只要进行肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，就能提前<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>并进行<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>治疗。肠癌的高发年纪<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是50岁-70岁，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>普通人40岁-45岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>要做一次胃肠镜。假如这个时候<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>息肉，就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>处理，杜绝癌变的机会或切断癌变的进程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240529/d1491e04cf8a4ea7ae216c012a1d4f77.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>经济水平、健康<span style="color: black;">认识</span>以及观念等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人对把肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>当成常规体检项目并不认同，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>不少结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时<span style="color: black;">已然</span>是<span style="color: black;">发展</span>期<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是晚期，这就<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>可惜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然在40岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>做一次肠胃镜，是对普通人群的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是高危人群，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>直系三代人家系中有两个或以上亲属患结直肠癌，其中<span style="color: black;">最少</span>一个人<span style="color: black;">少于</span>50岁，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>遗传性结直肠癌，这种家系成员<span style="color: black;">意见</span>20-25岁就要进行胃肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。遗传性结直肠癌虽然只占肠癌的10%-15%，但这类结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不经过息肉癌变的漫长过程，而直接以癌巢形式<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>做了一次肠胃镜之后，是不是就<span style="color: black;">不消</span>管了呢？<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>做肠胃镜<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>每3-5年<span style="color: black;">检测</span>一次。有的人<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>息肉后，会很紧张，每年都<span style="color: black;">需求</span>复查胃肠镜，个人认为并<span style="color: black;">不必</span>。即使<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>息肉，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要看是什么类型的息肉，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是炎性息肉、增生性息肉，<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>2-3年后再复查。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是腺瘤或侧向<span style="color: black;">生长</span>型肿瘤，那就要<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>内镜治疗，一年<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>半年后就要复查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>做胃肠镜很方便，做的过程完全<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">感觉</span>，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人担心做的时候不舒服。其实<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>做胃肠镜的时候，<span style="color: black;">始终</span>都有<span style="color: black;">麻木</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>监测，<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>剂量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的很<span style="color: black;">精细</span>，基本上做完就醒了，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>只是<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，一个胃镜大概10钟，一个肠镜15分钟，加起来不到半小时，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有息肉<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在做肠胃镜时直接切除，很方便快捷。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，得癌症的毕竟是少部分人，大部分人胃肠道不舒服，<span style="color: black;">无</span>器质性病变，只是功能性胃肠病。胃肠道功能跟<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>系，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>、<span style="color: black;">心情</span>、<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、遗传等都会影响胃肠道功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床上，我每周都能遇到<span style="color: black;">有些</span>刚入职的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人，<span style="color: black;">或</span>是临近中考和高考的学生，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肠胃不舒服来医院看病。这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的共性<span style="color: black;">便是</span>学业<span style="color: black;">或</span>工作压力很大，经常熬夜或<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">不良</span>，<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>还不规律，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>功能性胃肠病。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，调节心情，改善<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>，<span style="color: black;">创立</span>良好的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和排便习惯，必要时<span style="color: black;">协同</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>辅助用药，过了这段特殊的人生<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，大多会慢慢好起来，<span style="color: black;">不消</span>太担心。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>市面上有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>益生菌在售卖，不少人咨询平时<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>益生菌，我并不否认益生菌的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。益生菌在肠道健康中起非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，肠道<span style="color: black;">做为</span>身体里最大的免疫器官，有<span style="color: black;">不可胜数</span>的菌群，这其中有致病菌，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有益生菌，<span style="color: black;">构成</span>一个有机的整体。当菌群失调时就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>功能性肠病，这个时候<span style="color: black;">弥补</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>益生菌，调节肠道菌群恢复平衡<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在很大程度上改善肠道功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240529/053ccfb85b694525babda242bf8750a9.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，肠道健康<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，现代人的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>精粮，很少吃糙米等粗粮，殊不知粗粮和高膳食纤维<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>在肠道内与肠黏膜摩擦从而改善粘膜血液循环，促进肠道粘膜增生，<span style="color: black;">守护</span>正常的肠道功能。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>鼓励平时要适当吃粗粮，<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>膳食纤维，维持肠道的运动和功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">长期</span>熬夜，<span style="color: black;">心情</span>低落，免疫力下降，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠道菌群失调。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还有不少<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有乱吃抗生素的习惯，<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>抗生素有可能过度<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肠道益生菌，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是小<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>，一吃抗生素，就可能<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肠道菌群失调<span style="color: black;">引起</span>拉肚子。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，要改变熬夜的习惯，适当运动<span style="color: black;">加强</span>身体素质，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>抵抗力，避免<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>抗生素。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>一个身体健康、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>规律、膳食<span style="color: black;">平衡</span>、作息有度、<span style="color: black;">无</span>不良<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的人，是不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>额外<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>益生菌，但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肠道功能退化的老年人以及功能性肠病的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>下适当<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>益生菌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后在世界肠道健康日祝愿<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>健康的肠道，肠肠<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">统一</span>：南都记者 李榕</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采写：南都记者 李榕 摄影：南都记者 霍健斌</p>
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