这种癌症疫苗或于2030年前面世!能否一针清除癌细胞?哪些药企在布局?
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/wMMnh8HEhbz1W6yKRamq0NhMFtRnx86VbhM7qn9crMuv4ehBOhRB4KKRlwlnxOZVXQ5gNyQmmOk43kaRCs0QNg/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">18日,#癌症疫苗即将<span style="color: black;">面世</span>#<span style="color: black;">专题</span>登上<span style="color: black;">博客</span>热搜,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">热榜</span>。据外媒<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,德国生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BioNTech的创始人<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,mRNA新冠疫苗技术可用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>摧毁癌细胞,该疫苗或将于2030年之前<span style="color: black;">面世</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>其高发病率、高死亡率、低治愈率,大部分人难免“谈癌色变”。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这一<span style="color: black;">信息</span>,有网友将其等同为预防癌症,并发起<span style="color: black;">专题</span>讨论:假如真有这种疫苗,一针20万元,保你20年不得癌症,你会打吗?</span><span style="color: black;">不少网友在其下回复<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:“不会不同部位的癌症<span style="color: black;">必须</span>不同的疫苗吧”、“20万虽然对我打工仔<span style="color: black;">不方便</span>宜,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>出了我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>愿意先给我妈打一针”。</span><span style="color: black;">有生物医药行业<span style="color: black;">开发</span>人员向中新经纬解释<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的癌症疫苗与HPV疫苗不同,<span style="color: black;">无</span>预防功能,只能用于治疗。<strong style="color: blue;">其原理是部分癌症存在细胞突变,疫苗能够诱导免疫反应,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫系统认识到存在不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的细胞。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,中新经纬查阅公开资料<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,肿瘤疫苗是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>近年来的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>热点,并已有<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">面世</span>。</span><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">jwview</p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">mRNA肿瘤取得突破性<span style="color: black;">发展</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">公开资料<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,BioNTech是德国一家生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>业务为<span style="color: black;">研发</span>和生产针对特定<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗严重<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的有效免疫疗法。</span><span style="color: black;">在新冠疫情流行<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,BioNTech和Moderna的mRNA新冠疫苗都经美国<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>紧急<span style="color: black;">运用</span>授权,直接推动mRNA疫苗<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>关注热点,2021年度《麻省理工科技评论》“<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>十大突破性技术”名单之首即为mRNA疫苗。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">此后,<span style="color: black;">许多</span>药企入局,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>将mRNA疫苗的适应证范围扩展到其他感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、肿瘤等<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">当外媒问及mRNA癌症疫苗何时能够用于癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的时候,BioNTech创始人、CEO吴沙忻<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,基于BioNTech在mRNA癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>取得的突破,对<span style="color: black;">将来</span>几年的癌症疫苗充满<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>,预计mRNA癌症疫苗会在2030年之前上市<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">但BioNTech联合创始人、CMO厄兹莱姆-图雷则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>轻言“治愈”癌症,但<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>取得了许多突破。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">jwview</p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">mRNA疫苗积极拓宽多项适应证</strong></span><span style="color: black;">从研<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>状来看,mRNA疫苗已被广泛尝试应用于<span style="color: black;">包含</span>前列腺癌、急性骨髓白血病、转移黑色素瘤、成神经细胞瘤等多种类型肿瘤的治疗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">前文所提及的BioNTech与Moderna都在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>癌症不同适应证的mRNA疫苗。</span><span style="color: black;">据BioNTech官网,其<span style="color: black;">持有</span>超过30个<span style="color: black;">制品</span>管线,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的约15个,其正在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>针对直肠癌、黑色素瘤和其他癌症类型的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wMMnh8HEhbxdKtnEpmxtiaVuuTJMU7gjNXwTg0icmbV6fjuHTWibrkzB3KElR6rv0qXymYpm7XQtwadTWNCLcVv5w/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">药明康德团队对BioNTech管线统计<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,其中针对晚期黑色素瘤和HPV16阳性头颈癌的BNT111和BNT113<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>进入临床II期,针对病人<span style="color: black;">源自</span>特异性抗原的个性化肿瘤疫苗BNT122<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>进入临床I、II期。</span><span style="color: black;">Moderna<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>竞速中。据<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>,10月中旬,Moderna宣布与国际药企默沙东合作,将联合<span style="color: black;">研发</span>并<span style="color: black;">营销</span>一种个性化<span style="color: black;">精细</span>治疗癌症疫苗,推动Moderna的mRNA技术与默沙东PD-1肿瘤疗法Keytruda(K药)联用,探索治疗高危黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>协议,默沙东将向Moderna支付2.5亿美元。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wMMnh8HEhbxdKtnEpmxtiaVuuTJMU7gjNxMUhqKONb6e2d0DvXPZp4TVR2sPpLuHyJwibameUFKpfUDbpibIN5ibMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">药明康德对其统计<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,Moderna<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>线合计超过45个,与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的约5个。其中有一款个性化的肿瘤疫苗mRNA-4157,能够容纳高达34个编码新抗原的mRNA序列,针对多个癌种,在临床I期的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>率达到了90%,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>正在进行临床II期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">中新经纬<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,在中国<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">公司</span>进行mRNA肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>公开资料,斯微生物<span style="color: black;">制品</span>管线SM-Neo-Vac-1是针对晚期消化系统肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的新抗原个体化mRNA疫苗,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,斯微生物还曾<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>要在2020年进行胃肠道肿瘤、肺肿瘤、黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>进行临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>申请。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">jwview</p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">已有多款肿瘤疫苗上市</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>继肿瘤化疗、放疗、细胞和免疫治疗之后的新型治疗方式,肿瘤疫苗是近年来的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>热点。在大的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>上,肿瘤疫苗可区分为预防性肿瘤疫苗和治疗性肿瘤疫苗。其中,最为典型和广为人熟知的预防性肿瘤疫苗即为HPV疫苗,预防宫颈癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">而<span style="color: black;">这次</span>讨论的mRNA肿瘤疫苗为治疗性疫苗,虽然mRNA肿瘤疫苗还未上市,但已有其他治疗性肿瘤疫苗上市。</span><span style="color: black;">早在2010年,癌症疫苗普列威(Provenge)就已被美国FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,用于癌症免疫治疗,适应证为<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状或症状轻微的转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌。这款疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>药企为丹瑞生物,其让晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期延长了四个月。</span><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">按照</span>公开资料,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>该疫苗生产成本<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>,再加上效果不及此后上市的多款<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,疫苗的<span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>并不<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>。</strong>2017年,丹瑞<span style="color: black;">机构</span>被中国三胞集团全资收购。</span><span style="color: black;">从国际<span style="color: black;">状况</span>而言,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国医学科学院医学信息<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员等2021年11月<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>在《中国药业》的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内已有16个治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>上市。适应证从膀胱肿瘤、黑色素瘤,扩展到其他实体瘤,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肾细胞瘤、肺癌、前列腺癌等。而从进入三期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>来看,肿瘤疫苗适应证又进一步扩展到消化系统肿瘤、泌尿系统肿瘤、生殖系统肿瘤等。</span><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>提示<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内首次上市或进入Ⅲ期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>数量随时间的推移<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。新药或生物制品从最初<span style="color: black;">起步</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>到进入市场平均<span style="color: black;">必须</span>10年以上,其中仅临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>6~7年。肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>起步较晚,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>仅有<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>顺利上市,大部分<span style="color: black;">制品</span>仍停留在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">近年来,进入Ⅲ期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>数量<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>,估计在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>5~10年内将有<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>成功上市。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">从国内<span style="color: black;">状况</span>来看,10月9日,国家<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局<span style="color: black;">药物</span>审评中心(CDE)官网<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>《肿瘤治疗性疫苗临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>技术<span style="color: black;">指点</span>原则(征求意见稿)》,以进一步规范和<span style="color: black;">指点</span>肿瘤治疗性疫苗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">研发</span>,并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>可参考的技术规范。</span><span style="color: black;">最后,中新经纬查阅公开资料<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,肿瘤疫苗并非“神药”,<strong style="color: blue;">网友们想象的“一针清除癌细胞”等<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">没</span>法实现。治疗性疫苗为生物制品,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>与其他免疫治疗如免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、CAR-T等手段联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疫苗的有效性。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">(文中观点仅供参考,不<span style="color: black;">形成</span>投资<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,投资有<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,入市需<span style="color: black;">小心</span>。)</span><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>线索,请联系本文作者王玉玲:wangyuling@chinanews.com.cn)</span><span style="color: black;">部分内容综合自公开资料、<span style="color: black;">第1</span>财经、药明康德<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队等</span><span style="color: black;">文:<span style="color: black;">王玉玲</span> 编辑:雷宗润 审校:罗琨</span><span style="color: black;">封面<span style="color: black;">照片</span>由公众号平台<span style="color: black;">供给</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">宣传</span>等商务合作,<a style="color: 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回顾历史,我们不难发现:无数先辈用鲜血和生命铺就了中华民族复兴的康庄大道。 回顾过去一年,是艰难的一年;展望未来,是辉煌的一年。
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