论坛 › 辽宁 › “癌症疫苗即将面世”上热搜，能否一针清除癌细胞？癌症初期的这15种症状莫忽略

esc0rp 发表于 2024-6-24 07:25:19

“癌症疫苗即将面世”上热搜，能否一针清除癌细胞？癌症初期的这15种症状莫忽略

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10月18日，“癌症疫苗即将<span style="color: black;">面世</span>”<span style="color: black;">专题</span>登上<span style="color: black;">博客</span>热搜，<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">热榜</span>。据外媒<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，德国生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BioNTech的创始人<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，mRNA新冠疫苗技术可用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>摧毁癌细胞，该疫苗或将于2030年之前<span style="color: black;">面世</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">据</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">《卫报》10月16日<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，德国生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BioNTech的创始人在接受BBC采访时<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">mRNA新冠疫苗技术可用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>摧毁癌细胞，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着癌症疫苗可能在2030年前<span style="color: black;">面世</span>并且广泛<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">短短8年内，人类或许就能够利用疫苗<span style="color: black;">解决</span>癌症！</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icRjRficJ1YdoerCregibR2Y7dic2DNOPB6hw26OdUMRaY7o6A533jiceDptDvjL7LaibS5C3wPB8uUUrdkwL08z2CsQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a1xwNbPmyorhmiaUt8teZrlUyFSYAibxT7jCegGxSR9rxbjVGjiaEty7uiceXiaCszCc8CK7V3WPpJRLrazxw4tEiaBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span>说明：德国生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BioNTech联合创始人夫妇Uğur Şahin教授（左）和Özlem Türeci教授。/BBC</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">BioNTech是欧洲最大生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>，与美国辉瑞合作<span style="color: black;">开发</span>生产了mRNA新冠疫苗。10月16日，该<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的联合创始人乌古尔·萨欣（Uğur Şahin）和奥兹朗·图雷利（Özlem Türeci）<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>俩在做客BBC的访谈节目时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>在技术上已取得重大突破，让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>对在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>几年内生产出癌症疫苗充满<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/kicmKNATR9CfQTaeFXiagxzk4Sv8eT16bibJiaxouLGTszq1HbkzfGCWU5bawzYIpQNCZ0Ycu3eMAIK8Rib8q5J6JSw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">正在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的BioNTech癌症疫苗的样品&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源：sciencealert</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>其高发病率、高死亡率、低治愈率，大部分人难免“谈癌色变”。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>这一<span style="color: black;">信息</span>，有网友将其等同为预防癌症，并发起<span style="color: black;">专题</span>讨论：假如真有这种疫苗，一针20万元，保你20年不得癌症，你会打吗？</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不少网友在其下回复<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>：<strong style="color: blue;">“不会不同部位的癌症<span style="color: black;">必须</span>不同的疫苗吧”、“20万虽然对我打工仔<span style="color: black;">不方便</span>宜，但是出了我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>愿意先给我妈打一针”。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">信息</span>经国内<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>后，快速登上热搜。<span style="color: black;">海量</span>评论<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，接种疫苗、杜绝癌症，将是近代<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>最伟大的发明之一。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">但这份厚望纯属误读。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国丹娜-法伯癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所信息<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>机理，现有癌症疫苗分为两类。一是预防病毒感染、避免癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。“<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">名人</span>”有已上市的HPV疫苗、乙肝病毒疫苗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第二是在癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>后接种的“治疗性疫苗”，旨在激活免疫系统，针对性杀伤癌细胞，属于免疫治疗范畴。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>的mRNA癌症疫苗，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>治疗性疫苗。与<span style="color: black;">日前</span>公众所认知的防癌疫苗在制备工艺和<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制上均有差异。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>已缓慢发展20<span style="color: black;">数年</span>。”英国皇家<span style="color: black;">药品</span>学会下属“制药杂志”今年8月刊文<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，基于mRNA<span style="color: black;">研发</span>癌症疫苗仍属于前沿<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，“才<span style="color: black;">刚才</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>。”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“疫苗”怎么还能治病？</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>BioNTech<span style="color: black;">机构</span>官网信息，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>该司有14个进入临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的mRNA癌症疫苗，覆盖黑色素瘤、直肠癌、头颈癌、实体瘤等多个癌种。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>展现出令人鼓舞的效果。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在2022年度美国临床肿瘤学会年会</span><span style="color: black;">（ASCO）</span><span style="color: black;">上，该司<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>癌症疫苗BNT122的Ⅰ期积极结果。数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，接受手术切除的胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>联用BNT122、PD-L1阻断剂以及化疗，安全性高、疗效良好。有50%</span><span style="color: black;">（8/16）</span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>18个月后<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“制药杂志”指出，mRNA技术<span style="color: black;">能够</span>把特异性肿瘤抗原的遗传基因，<span style="color: black;">传送</span>至人体，诱导细胞、产生抗体，从而激活免疫反应，在全身搜索、攻击、摧毁癌细胞。这一过程充分利用人体免疫原理，或是其得名“疫苗”的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">免疫系统一旦被唤醒，还能<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">保存</span>对<span style="color: black;">反常</span>抗原的记忆，从而在癌症复发时再次行动。BioNTech<span style="color: black;">机构</span>对<span style="color: black;">有些</span>接受<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>免疫监测的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>应答者<span style="color: black;">身体</span>存在记忆T细胞，以及辅助性和细胞毒性T细胞反应。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一样</span>占据mRNA技术高地的Moderna</span><span style="color: black;">（莫德纳）</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有多款在研的治疗性癌症疫苗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当地时间今年10月12日，Moderna<span style="color: black;">机构</span>宣布与制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>默沙东合作，联合<span style="color: black;">研发</span>并<span style="color: black;">营销</span>一款<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。2019年，Moderna曾初步公开该mRNA癌症疫苗联用默沙东抗PD-1<span style="color: black;">药品</span>帕博利珠单抗的Ⅰ期数据，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>对恶性肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>率达90%。这超过了当时<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>上市<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年10月1日，《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》<span style="color: black;">发布</span>综述<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，mRNA治疗性癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">许多</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>耐受性好，<span style="color: black;">没</span>基因组整合<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">无</span>传染性，易降解，易激活和维持体液、细胞免疫，生产周期短，生产成本低。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">该文指出，在ClinicalTrials.gov注册的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>共计17个。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中国在这条赛道上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不落人后。“<span style="color: black;">第1</span>财经”信息显示，在研数量达18个。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在新冠疫情流行<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，BioNTech和Moderna的mRNA新冠疫苗都经美国<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>紧急<span style="color: black;">运用</span>授权，直接推动mRNA疫苗<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>关注热点，2021年度《麻省理工科技评论》“<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>十大突破性技术”名单之首即为mRNA疫苗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此后，<span style="color: black;">许多</span>药企入局，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>将mRNA疫苗的适应证范围扩展到其他感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、肿瘤等<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当外媒问及mRNA癌症疫苗何时能够用于癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的时候，BioNTech创始人、CEO吴沙忻<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，基于BioNTech在mRNA癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>取得的突破，对<span style="color: black;">将来</span>几年的癌症疫苗充满<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>，预计mRNA癌症疫苗会在2030年之前上市<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但BioNTech联合创始人、CMO厄兹莱姆-图雷则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>轻言“治愈”癌症，但<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>取得了许多突破。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不止BioNTech在为癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">著名制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>默克（MRK.N）<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>与Moderna<span style="color: black;">机构</span>合作<span style="color: black;">研发</span>和<span style="color: black;">营销</span>癌症疫苗。</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据《路透社》10月12日<span style="color: black;">报告</span>：默克<span style="color: black;">机构</span>上周三<span style="color: black;">选取</span>与Moderna<span style="color: black;">机构</span>（MRNA.O）联合<span style="color: black;">研发</span>并<span style="color: black;">营销</span>一种个性化的mRNA疫苗，并预付了2.5亿美元。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/kicmKNATR9CfQTaeFXiagxzk4Sv8eT16bibx73SFNic5dqae7juklxt3ib0mO5JQIJicRHcNayAaHkJfVn2XYMPzwj6Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/kicmKNATR9CfQTaeFXiagxzk4Sv8eT16bibXUekpAk6dxAml3qK3ujy4tCcoTwdIUNH2vcFLMcjU6Q6BAEFZ2IZlw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源：路透社</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Moderna<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的实验性疫苗正在与默克<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的癌症免疫疗法Keytruda<span style="color: black;">一块</span>进行中期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，以治疗黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">该疫苗mRNA-4157的数据预计将在今年第四季度<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这款癌症疫苗是为<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>病人量身定做的，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿瘤的特定突变特征产生T细胞，这是身体免疫反应的一个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>部分。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016年，默克<span style="color: black;">机构</span>就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>和Moderna<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>了战略合作关系，<span style="color: black;">研发</span>用于治疗<span style="color: black;">各样</span>类型癌症的个性化疫苗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上，近几十年来，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在寻找利用人类<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统抵抗癌症的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。虽然之前曾屡次失望，但<span style="color: black;">科研</span>癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>认为，<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>比以往任何时候都更接近达成这一<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">虽然仍可能有很长的路要走，但“癌症疫苗”已被视为癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">将来</span>。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>而言，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>是一个激动人心的时刻。”美国纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心肿瘤学家维诺德·巴拉钱德兰(Vinod Balachandran)<span style="color: black;">近期</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>：“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在<span style="color: black;">认识</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>识别癌症方面取得了很大<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">免疫系统在<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>癌症方面起着至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。许多专家认为，癌症<span style="color: black;">始终</span>试图在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>“生根发芽”，但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>都在被<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出来之前被免疫系统<span style="color: black;">控制</span>，这一过程被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“免疫<span style="color: black;">监测</span>”。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国国家癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所疫苗<span style="color: black;">分部</span>负责人杰伊·伯佐夫斯基（Jay Berzofsky）<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在拒绝癌细胞，但<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌细胞仍<span style="color: black;">经过</span>学习<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>利用调节免疫系统的机制，成功从“免疫<span style="color: black;">监测</span>”中逃脱。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">伯佐夫斯基<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌细胞与人类<span style="color: black;">自己</span>细胞<span style="color: black;">类似</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">这就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>癌症疫苗来激活免疫系统，</strong></span><span style="color: black;">找出癌细胞与正常细胞不同的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>并识别它们。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">让学界感到振奋的是，在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>癌症疫苗的道路上，BioNTech和默克<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并不孤单。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>各地的<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员正在就几十种癌症疫苗进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《柳叶刀》杂志<span style="color: black;">近期</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>的一份报告<span style="color: black;">表示</span>：针对肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌等的多个临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>都已取得不同程度的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，给癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>带来曙光。</span></strong></span></p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">还要等十年，mRNA癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>难在哪？</span></strong></h1><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/pHzHVM2oJO0GSNxVlhsiagocdiaAzCy5EUFTZan1QnWNj9M8oAUiabTxmuSOW2DV2GWZic3kKApMggYiazcb0RMTiaZw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">开发</span>难在哪</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;01&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2021年2月，Molecular Cancer杂志的一篇综述总结了mRNA疫苗在肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的应用，<strong style="color: blue;">已有20多种基于mRNA的免疫疗法进入临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，在实体瘤治疗方面已初见成效。</strong>临床中的肿瘤治疗mRNA疫苗可分为三大类：编码免疫刺激物的mRNA疫苗、编码TAAs (肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原) 的mRNA疫苗和编码新抗原 (neoantigens) 的个性化疫苗。裸mRNA或基于载体的mRNA疫苗能有效地表达肿瘤抗原，促进抗原递呈细胞激活并刺激天然/适应性免疫。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mRNA<span style="color: black;">指点</span>细胞生产<span style="color: black;">自己</span>所需蛋白质，靶点可在细胞内或分泌到细胞外，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>理论上可将编码相应蛋白质的mRNA<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>手段运送到细胞质内，从而对所有蛋白质层面<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>发挥疗效。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>其<span style="color: black;">体积</span>、电荷和可降解性，<span style="color: black;">露出</span>的mRNA<span style="color: black;">不易</span>穿过细胞膜并有效渗入到细胞质，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>将mRNA递送至细胞质中并<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>蛋白质生产将<span style="color: black;">作为</span>核心。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2021年6月CureVac宣布其<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的mRNA疫苗CVnCoV在2b/3期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中预防感染COVID-19仅有47%的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>力，可能失败的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>未对编码区的核苷酸进行修饰。mRNA 疫苗生产过程中会产生<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>杂质，<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是在质粒生产、纯化与线性过程中，还是在体外转录、加帽等过程中，均会<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到多步纯化与超滤，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>上一步工艺不影响下一步工艺尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>mRNA和递送系统的稳定性。&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/pHzHVM2oJO0GSNxVlhsiagocdiaAzCy5EUYYw8BhJqLplDNUHpibt8Zg6j8sqNYziao7dVtLaSMibQWcY0526QqxERw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">历经60载</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;02&nbsp;</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mRNA从首次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>到<span style="color: black;">做为</span>商品<span style="color: black;">营销</span>大概经历了60年，技术的发展经历了以下几个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1）<strong style="color: blue;">1961-1990年：mRNA从理论照进现实</strong>。从1961年mRNA的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，到1990年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首次<span style="color: black;">发布</span>小鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span>体外转录mRNA的报告，<span style="color: black;">知道</span>了mRNA的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>机制和<span style="color: black;">功效</span>以及其发展<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2）<strong style="color: blue;">1990-2009年：分子修饰等<span style="color: black;">重要</span>技术使得人体应用<span style="color: black;">作为</span>可能</strong>。从上世纪90年代到2009年，mRNA技术实现了从动物到人体的突破，2005年<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>化学修饰可降低mRNA免疫原性，2009年首次在人体上应用癌症免疫治疗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3）<strong style="color: blue;">2009-2022年：递送技术的发展推动人体临床大规模开展</strong>。2009年脂质纳米颗粒 （LNP） 递送系统首次申请专利。2015年首个LNP递送技术以及序列修饰技术的<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>成熟，给mRNA行业发展带来充足的动力，多项mRNA疫苗开展临床。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4）<strong style="color: blue;">2020年-<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>：<span style="color: black;">商场</span>化时代正式开启</strong>，2020年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首个mRNA<span style="color: black;">商场</span>化<span style="color: black;">制品</span>上市，<span style="color: black;">快速</span>得到资本市场的追捧。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mRNA疫苗积极拓宽多项适应证</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">已有多款肿瘤疫苗上市</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症，<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防癌症</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>预防癌症，世卫组织曾<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>防癌指南，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>：戒烟，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>二手烟；戒酒，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>滴酒不沾；维持健康体重；多运动；多吃蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>；不要处在污染的环境中；<span style="color: black;">保持</span>母乳喂养；有疫苗的<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>接种疫苗等；<span style="color: black;">另外</span>还要尽早进行癌症筛查。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>，<span style="color: black;">将来</span>利用接种疫苗来预防癌症、战胜癌症<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是梦，再<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>谈癌<span style="color: black;">色变！</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：澎湃<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、医学界、转化医学网、在下刘三刀、健康时报等</span></p>

张露zhang 发表于 2024-9-4 21:18:01

你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，期待更多交流。

4lqedz 发表于 2024-10-31 04:37:50

你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，非常感谢。

查看完整版本: “癌症疫苗即将面世”上热搜，能否一针清除癌细胞？癌症初期的这15种症状莫忽略