论坛 › 江苏 › 男子确诊晚期癌症，寿命最多不到1年！医生意见试试这个新疗法，实现存活近30年

6hz7vif 发表于 2024-6-24 05:09:30

男子确诊晚期癌症，寿命最多不到1年！医生意见试试这个新疗法，实现存活近30年

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▎药明</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">康德内容团队编辑</span></strong></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">本文是健康榨知机新栏目“</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">奇愈人生</strong></span><span style="color: black;">”系列<span style="color: black;">文案</span>，讲述<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属参与医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的故事。被医学进步改变的人生，有奇迹，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有治愈。</span></span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人类</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">用冷冻的方式治疗<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">的历史<span style="color: black;">能够</span>追溯到3500年前，当时<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">用冰块来治疗<span style="color: black;">有些</span>体表<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，如皮肤病。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，受限于技术、冷源温度等<span style="color: black;">前提</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">冷冻治疗</strong></span><span style="color: black;">的效果和应用程度都不高。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近几十年里，随着人工制冷技术的进步和冷冻设备的发展，冷冻治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>取得了快速发展，尤其是在</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">得到<span style="color: black;">快速</span>推广，<span style="color: black;">作为</span>局部治疗的一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>——</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">冷冻消融术</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天，健康榨知机要给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>讲述的，是一位</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">被冷冻消融术改变生命轨迹的结直肠癌晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">的故事↓↓</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYGVMPwBzwB3oT0icRgjqzOLgNxHk74ia9HiaMBGC7ZhYp1IQiavj7PkXlY4p9neCibzMR5MQic36m62uN3g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">123RF</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“胃不舒服”却是结直肠癌在作祟</span></strong></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1993年，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">51岁</strong></span><span style="color: black;">的吉恩·琼斯（Gene Jones）正开着拖拉机在自家的农场里忙着秋收。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但丰收的喜悦并<span style="color: black;">无</span>抚平吉恩紧皱的眉头。原来，秋收<span style="color: black;">起始</span>后，他就感到</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">胃很不舒服</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，经常</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">有便意却拉不出来</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，他以为是秋收太累了，可能是</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">便秘</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，就没怎么<span style="color: black;">留意</span>，准备忙完这段时间再去医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但这两天，吉恩感觉</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">左下腹有点痛</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，痛感<span style="color: black;">始终</span>反反复复地<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，严重的时候，那种撕裂的痛感让他站<span style="color: black;">亦</span>站不住。今天早晨排便后，他<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己居然</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">便血</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉恩<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到自己可能</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">患上了某种严重<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，他有点慌了，准备安排下农场的工作，明天就去医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">次日</span>，吉恩和他的妻子<span style="color: black;">一块</span>去看了肠胃科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>给他做了</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>他的结肠里长了一个</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更糟糕的是，这个肿瘤“太大”了，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">几乎完全堵塞了他的结肠</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">没</span>法推进内窥镜扩大<span style="color: black;">检测</span>范围。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">这不是一个好迹象</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，他<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>穿过生长物查看四周的病变，”吉恩回忆道，“<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>确定</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">我患了结直肠癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>非常、非常严重了，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">很可能是晚期</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;科普时间 ·</strong></p><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结肠癌和直肠癌</strong></span>，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>指<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠腺癌</strong></span>，约占<span style="color: black;">所有</span>结直肠癌的95%。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不论是在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>还是中国，结直肠癌都是一种<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">高发癌症</strong></span>。国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>（IARC）<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，2020年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>新发结直肠癌<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">193万</strong></span>例，并<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">107万</strong></span>人死亡；其中<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">56万</strong></span>（29%）新发病例和<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">29万</strong></span>（27%）死亡病例<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在中国，是中国<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第2大</strong></span>新发癌症和<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第5大</strong></span>癌症死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">生活中，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>从症状上来分析自己是不是得了某种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。但遗憾的是，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>可能<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>症状，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在确诊时<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>中晚期</strong></span>。结直肠癌<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">发展到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度</strong></span>可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下症状：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">排便习惯改变</strong></span>，如原来规律的排便习惯<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了改变，排便次数<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">大便性状改变</strong></span>，如变细、血便、黏液便等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">腹痛或腹部不适</strong></span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">腹部肿块</strong></span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肠梗阻相关症状</strong></span>，如食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、便秘、呕吐、<span style="color: black;">没</span>法排便或排气、腹胀等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">全身症状</strong></span>，如贫血、消瘦、乏力、低热等，晚期可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>腰骶部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、黄疸、腹水等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYGVMPwBzwB3oT0icRgjqzOLgAEEQCvK0RphC6icBXicZmwLougPwLBTLDsl4dRWxHMFrGCge3icDviatKw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">123RF</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症肝转移<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期“最多还有1年”</span></strong></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>吉恩</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">立即手术</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。在被确诊的3天后，他就被推进手术室进行了肿瘤切除术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当吉恩从<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>中醒来的时候，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>告诉他和他的家人，“</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">既有好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有坏<span style="color: black;">信息</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">”。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是，手术<span style="color: black;">已然</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">切除了结肠上的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>肿瘤</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还<span style="color: black;">保存</span>了部分健康结肠，不仅<span style="color: black;">无</span>了堵塞，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做结肠造口术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">坏<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是，腹腔打开时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">已然</span>扩散到了肝脏，属于4期结直肠癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。转移的癌细胞，几乎覆盖了肝脏的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>右叶，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>在左叶上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了几个斑点（转移灶）。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“当时还<span style="color: black;">无</span>靶向药，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">我能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的治疗方式似乎<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>化疗这一种</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，”吉恩回忆道，“<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说<span style="color: black;">能够</span>尽快安排我化疗，但对我来讲<span style="color: black;">道理</span>不大，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>我<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>多少时间了，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许是6个月，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许能到1年</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>我能在余下的生命里去做自己想做的事情，把<span style="color: black;">无</span>完成的事情处理好。”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;科普时间 ·</strong></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝脏</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">是结直肠癌最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的转移部位之一，可分为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>性肝转移</strong></span>（SLM，指结直肠癌确诊前或确诊时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的肝转移）和<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">异时性肝转移</strong></span>（MLM，指结直肠癌根治术后<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的肝转移）。</span><span style="color: black;">据统计，<span style="color: black;">大概</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">15%-25%</strong></span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在确诊时即合并有肝转移；有<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">15%-25%</strong></span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会在结直肠癌原发灶根治术后<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肝转移，其中绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>（80%-90%）的肝转移灶<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>时没办法根治性切除，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>化疗等方式缩小肿瘤</strong></span>。相比于原发性肝癌，结直肠癌肝转移的<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">病灶<span style="color: black;">一般</span>又小又多，术中很容易遗漏</strong></span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝转移<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>：</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>治疗的肝转移<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期仅为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6.9个月</strong></span>；</span><span style="color: black;">肝转移灶<span style="color: black;">没</span>法切除的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">小于</span>5%</strong></span>；</span><span style="color: black;">肝转移灶能完全切除或<span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到“<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>证据（NED）”状态的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">35个月</strong></span>，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">30%-57%</strong></span>。</span><span style="color: black;">当前，随着医疗技术的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>和多学科诊治的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>应用，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌肝转移的治疗策略<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了<span style="color: black;">基本</span>性改变</strong></span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>学者<span style="color: black;">已然</span>形成共识，即使是结直肠癌肝转移，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>多学科团队的全面<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，制定个性化的治疗<span style="color: black;">目的</span>，开展相应的综合治疗，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">实现肝转移肿瘤的切除或达到<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>证据状态</strong></span></span><span style="color: black;">。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYGVMPwBzwB3oT0icRgjqzOLgga4syPYM5aA5wFACAoJwDGs0yoX7KDSQW25rpTmko4rpRXUxcHXMvg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">123RF</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>带来最后<span style="color: black;">期盼</span></span></strong></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉恩和他的家人难以接受“</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">最多还能活1年</strong></span><span style="color: black;">”的结果。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>，要继续寻找可能的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。随后，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>去了</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">MD安德森癌症中心</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，这是一所世界闻名的癌症中心，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许能<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在MD安德森癌症中心，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">证实了吉恩的诊断结果</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，并<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对他进行化疗，试图</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">使转移到肝脏的肿瘤变小</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再看有<span style="color: black;">无</span>别的治疗方式。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">几个疗程的化疗并<span style="color: black;">无</span>遏制肿瘤生长</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>告诉吉恩，他的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span>耐药了，只能换别的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">但新一轮的化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>起<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，吉恩还<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">显著</span>副反应，恶心、呕吐、发热、便秘时有<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“那时，我以为<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>了<span style="color: black;">选取</span>，只能在癌症的<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>中等待‘死神’降临，”吉恩回忆道，“但后来<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>告诉我，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">有一种叫做冷冻消融术的新疗法正在开展临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，我<span style="color: black;">能够</span>试一下，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许能带来意想不到的效果。”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“在1993年，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">冷冻消融术还是一种全新的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，以至于MD安德森癌症中心还在等待制造商交付设备，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>给我任何关于这种方式治疗癌症的统计数据，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">更<span style="color: black;">不消</span>说<span style="color: black;">保准</span>会起<span style="color: black;">功效</span>了</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。但我想，‘见鬼，反正我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会死，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>不试试呢？’</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">当你<span style="color: black;">无</span>什么可失去的时候，你就勇往直前，不要回头</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。”吉恩说道。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;科普时间 ·</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">消融术</strong></span>的基本原理是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">温度调控或注射化学制剂</strong></span>诱导肿瘤坏死。在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>消融术时，特殊的探针会进入人体，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">直接对肿瘤进行消融治</strong><strong style="color: blue;">疗</strong></span>。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>则会依靠计算机<span style="color: black;">影像</span>来引导探针到正确位置，并监测治疗<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</span></p><span style="color: black;">临床上，常用的消融术<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">基于<span style="color: black;">理学</span>手段的热消融</strong></span>（如射频消融、微波消融、高强度聚焦超声消融、激光消融等），<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">冷冻消融</strong></span>（氩氦刀冷冻消融、液氮冷冻消融）和<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">基于化学手段的<span style="color: black;">没</span>水乙醇局部注射治疗</strong></span>等。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>消融术会与其它疗法联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">冷冻消融是<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">利用超低温<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿瘤细胞不可逆冻伤而杀灭肿瘤组织</strong></span>，有效治疗温度为-40 ℃～-180 ℃。</span><span style="color: black;">当组织温度<span style="color: black;">小于</span>-40 ℃时，冷冻消融<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">冰晶形成和渗透压休克</strong></span>破坏细胞；当冷冻组织细胞时，细胞代谢崩解。<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">随着温度进一步降低</strong></span>，细胞外冰晶<span style="color: black;">起始</span>形成，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞外高渗，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>细胞内液外渗和细胞脱水。<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解冻时</strong></span>，渗透梯度逆转，使细胞外液流入，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞肿胀，细胞膜破裂。</span><span style="color: black;">冷冻消融<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于治疗<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">前列腺癌</strong></span>和<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肾癌</strong></span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，冷冻消融术治疗前列腺癌的最大缺点是会使大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>男性（约80%）失去勃起能力。但<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>勃起功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的男性<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，冷冻消融术一种方便有效的前列腺癌治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>，冷冻消融术在治疗<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">严格挑选的、不可切除</strong></span>的结直肠癌肝转移<span style="color: black;">病人</span>方面，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>冷冻消融术后有<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">较高的局部复发率和并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率</strong></span>（<span style="color: black;">达到</span>35%，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>急性呼吸窘迫<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>和弥散性血管内凝血等），限制了该技术的广泛应用<span style="color: black;">。</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYGVMPwBzwB3oT0icRgjqzOLgaLyxkQhMph9OMQiamGsRdwzReDlzJDx3phEaKo7IxXkHc6grdgwL7ibw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">123RF</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期近30年</span></strong></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉恩再次进入了手术室。这一次，MD安德森癌症中心的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>切除了吉恩肝脏的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>右叶，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被肿瘤“覆盖”了。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">还<span style="color: black;">运用</span>冷冻消融术冻结了在肝脏左叶上<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的几个斑点</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出院后，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>吉恩</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span>来医院随访</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，监测有<span style="color: black;">无</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>肝转移复发或其他远处转移</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span><span style="color: black;">在刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的2年内，吉恩要每3个月随访1次，第3-5年要每6个月随访1次，5年后要每年随访1次。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在进行冷冻消融术后的5年中，吉恩又经历了两次癌症复发</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。一次是1995年，随访<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肝脏上有一个新的病灶，并<span style="color: black;">即时</span>切除；一次是在1997年，在肺部<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了转移灶，切除了左肺上叶。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此后在吉恩<span style="color: black;">身体</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">再<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症踪迹</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。除了随访外，他的生活和工作<span style="color: black;">亦</span>恢复到正常轨道。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如今，吉恩<span style="color: black;">已然</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">81岁</strong></span><span style="color: black;">了，但依然神采奕奕，在农场里忙碌着，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>捆干草，扛起50磅（22.6千克，约45斤）的重物。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不刻意提及，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">可能谁都看不出，他在30年前被确诊结直肠癌晚期</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期最多不到1年。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">无</span>了左肺上叶，我很容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>胸闷气短，喘不上来气。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，当我在炎热的夏天外出工作时，有时不得不<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>。但我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">幸运</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我接受了最初的诊断，<span style="color: black;">无</span>参加那项临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，那我今天就不会在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">了。”吉恩说道。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“我<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>还能一笑置之，”吉恩说道，“<span style="color: black;">由于</span>那是很久以前的事了。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">我熬过了5年、10年、15年……不知不觉间，下个月就30年了</strong></span><span style="color: black;">。多亏了那项临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，让我<span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃，让我战胜了癌症。”</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，你可能还想看：</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌晚期男子，2年半后癌细胞</span><span style="color: black;">“全消失”</span></span>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">丈夫临死前，她才<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>33年前的“怪味”是大病预兆</span></h1><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">天生<span style="color: black;">无</span>子宫的她，用死者的子宫怀孕了</p>
    </span><span style="color: black;">……</span><span style="color: black;">点击下面的名片，关注</span><span style="color: black;">【健康榨知机】</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">信息</span>对话框回复：</span><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;奇迹&nbsp;</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>被医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>改变人生的奇迹故事</span><span style="color: black;">▼</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 30-year stage IV colon cancer survivor:Cryoablation clinical trial at MD Anderson saved my life.Retrieved Aug 17,2023,from https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/30-year-stage-iv-colon-cancer-survivor--cryoablation-clinical-trial-at-md-anderson-saved-my-life.h00-159620223.html</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Ablation Therapy.Retrieved Aug 17,2023,from https://www.mdanderson.org/treatment-options/ablation-therapy.html</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Colon cancer.Retrieved Aug 17,2023,from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353669</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Hu,Ke-Qin,(2014).Advances in Clinical Application of Cryoablation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Metastatic Liver Tumor.Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology,DOI:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000201.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Yuan-Dong,et al.,(2019).Meta-analysis of the effects of TACE and cryoablation on hepatocellular carcinoma.Medicine,DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000018030.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会、中华医学会肿瘤学分会,(2023).中国结直肠癌诊疗规范（2023年版）.中华外科杂志,DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230603-00222.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中国抗癌协会肿瘤介入学专业委员会、上海市抗癌协会实体肿瘤聚焦诊疗专业委员会,(2018).影像导引肝脏恶性肿瘤多模态消融治疗技术专家共识.介入放射学杂志,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-794X.2018.07.001.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中国抗癌协会肿瘤介入学专业委员会,et al.,(2021).冷热多模态消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤操作规范专家共识. 中国介入影像与治疗学,DOI:10.13929/j.issn.1672-8475.2021.01.006.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中国抗癌协会、中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会,(2022).中国恶性肿瘤整合诊治指南-结肠癌部分.中华结直肠<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>电子杂志,DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2022.01.001.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中国医师协会外科医师分会,et al.,(2023). 中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南（2023版）.中国普通外科杂志（China Journal of General Surgery）,DOI:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2023.01.001.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 葛均波，徐永健，王辰.内科学.第9版.北京：人民卫生出版社，2018.</span></p><span style="color: black;">免责声明：</span><span style="color: black;">药明康德内容团队专注介绍<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>生物医药健康<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。本文仅作信息交流之目的，文中观点不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>药明康德立场，<span style="color: black;">也</span>不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>药明康德支持或反对文中观点。本文<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>。如需<span style="color: black;">得到</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>，请前往正规医院就诊。</span>
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nqkk58 发表于 2024-8-20 04:20:19

谷歌外链发布 http://www.fok120.com/

4zhvml8 发表于 2024-11-3 00:21:32

楼主节操掉了，还不快捡起来！

nqkk58 发表于 9 小时前

回顾过去一年，是艰难的一年；展望未来，是辉煌的一年。

查看完整版本: 男子确诊晚期癌症，寿命最多不到1年！医生意见试试这个新疗法，实现存活近30年