是不是有了靶向药物就能淘汰反应很大的化疗了, 其实还不可够
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术、化疗及放疗是传统癌症治疗的三驾马车，就<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>水平，靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>即便是免费<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法替代化疗的地位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不同类型的肿瘤，化疗的应用价值<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，淋巴瘤、白血病、绒癌、睾丸癌等，化疗的价值比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，能够有很好的疗效，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>化疗后<span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到治愈；<span style="color: black;">针对</span>晚期肺癌、胃肠道肿瘤<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生命，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-e1b5bf8f87d25f85771db95f694cff7d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>出来的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>中，针对的肿瘤类型非常有限，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肺癌、乳腺癌、CD20阳性淋巴瘤、结肠癌、肝癌等。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>最多的是肺癌，尤其是肺腺癌针对EGFR的小分子TKI靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>口服的一代的吉非替尼，厄洛替尼，埃克替尼，二代的阿法替尼，三代的奥希替尼（即常说的9291）。静脉<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的<span style="color: black;">包含</span>贝伐单抗，爱必妥，可用于肺癌、肠癌及头颈部肿瘤，这类靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>与化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>合用产生协同<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">增多</span>疗效。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>赫赛汀<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>与化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>合用之后再单药维持治疗。用于CD20阳性的淋巴瘤，靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>美罗华<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>，有效率达95%以上，仍然是和化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>，单药效果<span style="color: black;">不良</span>。针对肝癌的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>索拉菲尼其实有效率非常低，不到20%，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有专家认为临床<span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用中有效率不到10%。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-411fe89ecb9f4e4edade440c655d9fe6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除此之外，靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一点在于<span style="color: black;">必要</span>有靶点<span style="color: black;">才可</span>发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">面世</span>以后，许多人并<span style="color: black;">无</span>从中获益<span style="color: black;">或</span>获益很小，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>大部分人并不存在靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>所针对的靶点。 在亚洲裔的非小细胞肺腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，<span style="color: black;">大概</span>一半的人存在EGFR基因突变。ALK突变<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率，为3%-7%,我国约为10%。乳腺癌及胃癌病人中FISH检测her-2强阳性才<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>赫赛汀。结肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>KRAS野生型才<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>爱必妥（C-225）。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>相应靶点的病人是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的，在身体许可的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>只能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>化疗。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-dbbe7b15d741b0f379c470d9b1f9a558_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向药物耐药的问题<span style="color: black;">日前</span>仍是医学<span style="color: black;">困难</span>，许多对靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>有效的病人，在半年至一年<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>耐药，不<span style="color: black;">显现</span>耐药的病人比较少见，肺癌病人用完三代靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>都耐药了，可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的治疗方式就比较有限了。虽然医学在发展，但一种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>至临床成熟<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>十年<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>更<span style="color: black;">长期</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-899c6675c5cb7d7998774c7c56a5c261_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>即使进入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>，自费部分仍然是比较高的，对许多普通家庭仍然是一笔不小的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>就<span style="color: black;">日前</span>来讲，化疗是绝对不会淘汰的。</p>
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