tw4ld6 发表于 2024-10-21 22:22:37

最仔细的英语语法知识总结-Lesson 43:简单句


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、简单句的概述:</strong>英语中,只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各<span style="color: black;">成份</span>都只由单词或短语<span style="color: black;">形成</span>的独立句子或分句叫做简单句;在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、简单句的五个基本句型:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1、主语+不及物动词(S+V):</strong>不及物动词的后面不接宾语,但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,这个不及物动词有副词或别的状语修饰;有的动词如果不加状语修饰,句子的意思就可能不完整;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如:He laughed. 他笑了。("He"作主语,"laughed"作谓语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">→He laughed loudly. 他大声地笑了起来。(副词"loudly"在句中作状语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">He is cooking. 他正在做饭。("He"作主语,"is cooking"是<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>进行时,作谓语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">→He is cooking in the kitchen. 他正在厨房里做饭。(介词短语" in the kitchen "在句中作状语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.2、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO):</strong><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用作宾语的<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如:I like Anna. 我<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>安娜。(名词"Anna"作宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I like you. 我<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>你。(人<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>代词"you"作宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I hate travelling by air. 我讨厌坐飞机旅行。(动名词"travelling"作宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I want to buy this one. 我想买这一个。(动词不定式"to buy this one"作宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.3、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO):</strong>有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物、一个指人;直接宾语与间接宾语两者<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的都是动作的承受者或结果;直接宾语<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>动词<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的对象,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>指的是物,间接宾语<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>动作所指向的人;直接宾语和间接宾语的位置<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>互相交换,当直接宾语(指物的宾语)<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>间接宾语(指人的宾语)前面时,间接宾语的前面<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有一个介词"for/to";</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如:I bought my little sister a bag. 我给我<span style="color: black;">mm</span>买了一个包。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">→I bought a bag for my little sister.(其中"my little sister "是间接宾语,"a bag "是直接宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I gave my little sister a bag. 我给了我<span style="color: black;">mm</span>一个包。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">→I gave a bag to my little sister.(其中"my little sister "是间接宾语,"a bag "是直接宾语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">双宾语易位时需借助介词"to"的常用动词:</strong></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ccc9218e3ea43aaa7e6e03fb0e3df0a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729438193&amp;x-signature=pIam4tHNIBTGzoEpiqYgVY%2B%2BppU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">双宾语易位时需借助介词</strong>"<strong style="color: blue;">for</strong>"<strong style="color: blue;">的常用动词:</strong></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afe9995bbd574f4f8d47badfec1073f5~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729438193&amp;x-signature=Jsx3%2BAQDY%2FsukS%2FCMKvRSuC3i1A%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.4、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+V+DO+OC):</strong><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用作宾语补足语的<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动词的<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>分词、动词的过去分词等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如:We will make you monitor. <span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将会选你当班长。(名词"monitor"作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Please keep the room clean. 请保持房间干净。(形容词"clean"作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Please ask him in. 请让他进来。(副词"in"作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">My sister asked me to do my homework. 我姐姐让我写作业。(动词不定式" to do my homework "作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">My boss kept me working all the week. 老板让我<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>都在工作。(动词的<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>分词"working all the week"作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发。(动词的过去分词"cut"作宾语补足语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接名词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">make/keep +sb./sth.+名词:让/使/令某人/某事<span style="color: black;">作为</span>……;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">make+have/keep+ sb./sth.+形容词:让/使/令某人或某物处于某种状态;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接副词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">let sb./sth.+副词:让某人/某物……</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">tell sb. to do sth.:告诉某人做某事 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ask sb. to do sth.:让/叫某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">allow sb. to do sth.:<span style="color: black;">准许</span>某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">teach sb. to do sth.:教某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">invite sb. to do sth.:邀请某人做某事 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">encourage sb. to do sth.:鼓励某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">expect sb. to do sth.:期望某人做某事 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">get sb. to do sth.:让/使/令某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接省略"to"的动词不定式作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">let/make/have+ sb. do sth.:让/使/令某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">see/watch/notice/observe/hear/feel+ sb./sth.+do sth.看到/<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到/观察到/听到/感觉到某人/某物做某事的全过程,强调动作的完整性和真实性;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:变被动语态时,要加上"to";</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">既<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接动词不定式又<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接省略"to"的动词不定式作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">help sb. to do sth./help sb. do sth.:<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>某人做某事</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接动词的<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>分词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">have/keep/get +sb./sth. doing sth.让/使/令某人或某物<span style="color: black;">始终</span>做某事或<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>做某事的某种状态;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">see/watch/notice/observe/hear/feel+ sb./sth.+doing sth.看到/<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到/观察到/听到/感觉到某人/某物正在做某事,强调动作的连续性和进行性;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">make/have/keep/get+ sb./sth.+动词的过去分词:让/使/令某人或某物被……</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">see/watch/notice/observe/hear/feel+ sb./sth.+动词的过去分词:看到/<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到/观察到/听到/感觉到某人/某物被……</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.5、主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P):</strong>在这类结构中,可用作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如:That is Anna. 那是安娜。(名词"Anna"作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">My idea is this. 我的主意是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的。(指示代词"this"作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">She is beautiful. 她很<span style="color: black;">美丽</span>。(形容词" beautiful "作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">The TV is on. 电视开着。(副词"on"作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">My work is teaching. 我的工作是<span style="color: black;">教育</span>。(动名词"teaching"作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">The news is very exciting. 这则<span style="color: black;">信息</span>太令人兴奋了。(动词的<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>分词"exciting"作表语,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上"exciting"已被当做形容词了)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">She is very tired. 她很累。(动词的过去分词"tired"作表语,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上"tired"已被当做形容词了)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">My job is to learn English well. 我的任务是学好英语。(动词不定式" to learn English well."作表语)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">She is in the classroom. 她在教室里。(介词短语"in the classroom "作表语)</p>




j8typz 发表于 2024-10-28 14:13:49

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