一针120万能治所有癌症,CAR-T疗法真的有这么神奇?
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Lr70yVueGTJHdofOMqTRFmL3hnIialTtpRbPa6Hr4SHZAr8XK8QDyxu9vV49IicbHnZh98Q1PB0MaQApYib8RibE2g/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">▼</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Lr70yVueGTIoGqib5wibG7TrbJpXBBx02p8kUnCorECdbnBc7I8xkf1yiaD47nHUCAr2VXhB3PB7QbeHyzTGnMw3Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">每年</span>,美国<span style="color: black;">女子</span>艾米莉·怀特海德都会举着一个小牌子,拍一张照片向全世界宣告自己又跨过了新的一年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2022年,她手上的小牌子上变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>:10 years cancer
free(<span style="color: black;">没</span>癌<span style="color: black;">存活</span>10年)。曾为急性淋巴性白血病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的她,因接受CAR-T治疗而彻底治愈,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让世人<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次将目光放在了“神奇”的CAR-T细胞治疗技术上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016年后,中国CAR-T临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的数量<span style="color: black;">已然</span>超过了美国,尽管CAR-T疗法在急性白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗上<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>的疗效,为部分复发或难治性血液肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来了新的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>,但CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个新兴<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>尚存在<span style="color: black;">有些</span>局限性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同济大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>同济医院梁爱斌教授在中国抗癌协会主办的2022中国肿瘤学大会(CCO)上介绍了<span style="color: black;">日前</span>CAR-T疗法面临的挑战以及他的团队针对挑战做出多种方式的创新治疗。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“强效”的CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不足</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CAR-T疗法从<span style="color: black;">面世</span>起就和“强效”这个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>词紧紧绑在了<span style="color: black;">一块</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那什么是CAR-T
细胞治疗技术?它其实<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>提取<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的T细胞,在体外利用基因编辑技术,将CAR基因片段导入T细胞基因组,使其<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>表达能够特异性识别肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原(如CD19、CD20和CEA等)的CAR分子,再将CAR-T细胞扩增至治疗所需剂量,最后回输至<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>发挥特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">更为简单的理解,它是一种免疫疗法,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>增加<span style="color: black;">身体</span>免疫细胞的杀伤力,免疫细胞装上定向导弹,直接瞄准肿瘤细胞,<span style="color: black;">精细</span>击杀。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“CAR-T疗法强效是不争的事实,但从远期疗效来观测,会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>CAR-T疗法依然存在耐药与复发的问题。”梁爱斌教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,近20%-40%的非霍奇金淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对CD19-CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">没</span>应答,30%-60%的血液肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在CAR-T疗法后1年内<span style="color: black;">显现</span>复发/再<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“第二个临床问题是,CAR-T疗法的可及性不足,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>CAR-T疗法的比例还是偏低。”梁爱斌教授介绍,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的局面<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>传统的CAR-T制备时间<span style="color: black;">必须</span>2-3周,25%-40%<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>等待这么“漫长”的制备时间而失去CAR-T细胞的治疗机会;<span style="color: black;">各样</span>近远期的治疗不良反应严重限制了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>CAR-T<span style="color: black;">运用</span>;阿基仑赛和倍诺达相继于2021年6月和10月在国内上市,价格昂贵,高达120万以上。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通用型的CAR-T是免疫治疗的趋势</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">梁爱斌教授介绍,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>CAR-T治疗后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>耐药/复发的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,应<span style="color: black;">首要</span>关注耐药/复发机制。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有几点<span style="color: black;">原由</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>种是与CAR-T细胞<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>,CAR-T细胞的T细胞表型、T细胞亚型比例或扩增能力存在差异,从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>其疗效存在差异。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二种与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>临床<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>,例如既往治疗线数较多、肿瘤负荷较高(尤其是大包块)以及不同淋巴瘤亚型,均可影响CAR-T细胞疗效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第三种与肿瘤细胞本身<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>部分肿瘤细胞在治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>会丢失靶抗原,从而<span style="color: black;">出现</span>抗原阴性复发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第四种与肿瘤微环境(TME)<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,TME中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>免疫细胞,例如骨髓<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>性细胞(MDSCs)、调节性T细胞(Treg)等,其结构<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,TME中的细胞和非细胞<span style="color: black;">成份</span>可参与调控许多肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信号通路。尽管CAR-T细胞可在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>扩增效果较好,但某些特殊的TME可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>CAR-T疗效变差。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“针对这些机制,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>制定了应对策略。”梁爱斌教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>可实行多靶点治疗,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>开展的新型抗CD20/CD19
双特异性CAR-T细胞疗法治疗复发/难治性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了非常好的疗效,达到了85.4%的临床缓解,比<span style="color: black;">日前</span>单靶点CAR-T治疗<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了30%的疗效,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>它们的毒副反应是可控的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其次,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>CD70所为CAR的新靶点,CAR19治疗失败后的病人可<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了较好疗效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>还用基因编辑的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,制备了“第四代”的CAR-T,PD-1/CD28嵌合开关受体。复发/难治性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在CD19治疗后病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,之后可接受CD19-PD-1/CD28-CAR-T<span style="color: black;">做为</span>挽救<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>合作的团队还<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,低剂量DAC<span style="color: black;">经过</span>重编程增效CAR-T记忆/细胞毒性,达到30-100倍,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在动物模型上<span style="color: black;">已然</span>得到证实。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,还<span style="color: black;">运用</span>CRIAPR筛选确定耐CAR-T细胞裂解的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>基因,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>合作设计了以NOXA表达<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的西达本胺桥接<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>治疗,复发/难治的血液肿瘤病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。”梁爱斌教授说,基于<span style="color: black;">以上</span>系列的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,尤其是在表观免疫治疗的策略,得到了<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>同道的<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>赞。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">CAR-T即时治疗和CAR-NK<span style="color: black;">开发</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对CAR-T疗法,耗时长、<span style="color: black;">花费</span>高,毒副反应大的问题,梁爱斌教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>团队<span style="color: black;">选择</span>非病毒载体“睡美人”转座子系统快速制备CAR-T细胞,单采至输注时间减少为6天,在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">其中</span>,淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>得到了非常好的缓解。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,利用<span style="color: black;">经过</span>CRISPER-Cas9的非病毒、基因特异性整合CAR-T疗法,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对价格昂贵,用时长的问题,通用型的CAR-T是一个<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">“今年<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>合作团队进行了靶向CD7+T细胞肿瘤的通用型CAR-T疗法实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">另外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>在进行CAR-INK<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>用HLA半相合CAR19-NK治疗r/r
B-NHL临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,正在招募<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中。”梁爱斌教授说。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">梁爱斌教授认为,CAR-T疗法全程管理,势在必行,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>了基于<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>特征和危险分层的多学科CAR-T诊疗体系。“<span style="color: black;">首要</span>提出了CAR-T治疗淋巴瘤CRS新模型及全程管理共识,<span style="color: black;">开发</span>新型CAR-T,提出CAR-T治疗后复发的挽救策略,<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了CAR-T<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>检测平台,来进行全程管理的监测和<span style="color: black;">指点</span>临床管理的<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>和治疗。”</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">编辑|</span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;">廖颖瑶</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">编审|</strong></strong>叶芳</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">封面|</span></strong><span style="color: black;">2022中国肿瘤学大会主办方</span></span><span style="color: black;">RECOMMEND</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>阅读</span></strong></span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Lr70yVueGTKySUEibomDTbBmSG81zdYia9ibJ2ktBDPRNjF4RnghqRXGQmicPBhbav4OPMMicybficIf52VUOT4ibrYhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></span></a><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Lr70yVueGTKySUEibomDTbBmSG81zdYia9ib9ZOGkqLbflEYPy5p3EZ10tAegGD0eNqUtrAW73qb5hGLmVYJZXe2w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></span></a><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Lr70yVueGTKySUEibomDTbBmSG81zdYia9QPVfK5sXFBoPkdjaIZorTOqANGHEPwPgeThzbkDGDVcTrAW4oZ2OCw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Lr70yVueGTKY2U39QPkkzQdnk0Q6glMygYEIGgryHjcU9tLLq1libH0a7AQD1f3ka6ic88BuNgTsEFvc8wrFCaicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
外贸B2B平台有哪些? 楼主继续加油啊!外链论坛加油! 说得好啊!我在外链论坛打滚这么多年,所谓阅人无数,就算没有见过猪走路,也总明白猪肉是啥味道的。 “BS”(鄙视的缩写)
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