OpenAI宫斗后续：萨姆.奥特曼回归，董事会重组【外刊阅读】-外链论坛

lbk60ox 发表于 2024-10-14 05:40:57

OpenAI宫斗后续：萨姆.奥特曼回归，董事会重组【外刊阅读】

导读：
Sam Altman 重新担任 OpenAI 的 CEO，三名新的董事会成员取代了之前的领导层。
新董事会成员在商场和技术方面持有丰富的背景，与之前的学者和科研人员形成鲜明对比。
微软期盼 OpenAI 持有一个更大、更有经验的董事会，日前尚不清楚微软将在董事会中装扮何种角色。
OpenAI 正转型为一个更传统的硅谷创业机构，但仍然是一个非营利组织所持有的“利润上限”实体。
Sam Altman’s back. Here’s who’s on the new OpenAI board and who’s out
萨姆.奥特曼回来了。以下是新 OpenAI 董事会的成员名单以及离职人员
PUBLISHED WED, NOV 22 202311:35 AM ESTUPDATED WED, NOV 22 20234:06 PM EST
发布于2023年11月22日，东部标准时间上午11:35，最后更新于2023年11月22日下午4:06
[文：Rohan Goswami\Ashley Capoot]
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KEY POINTS
重点观点：
After several days of crisis and tumult, Sam Altman has returned as the CEO of OpenAI. Three new board members have replaced the previous leadership that ousted Altman.
经过几天的危险和动荡，Sam Altman 重新担任 OpenAI 的 CEO。三名新的董事会成员取代了之前推翻 Altman 的领导层。
OpenAI’s new board doesn’t appear to be fully built. Negotiations are reportedly underway to install representation from Microsoft or other major investors.
OpenAI 的新董事会似乎尚未完全建成。据报告，正在谈判中，以引入微软或其他重点投资者的表率。
Here’s who’s in, who’s out, and what the changes may mean.
以下是进入和离开董事会的人员名单，以及这些变化可能寓意着什么。
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After several days of crisis and tumult, Sam Altman has returned as the CEO of OpenAI. Three new board members have replaced the previous leadership that ousted Altman.
经过几天的危险和动荡，Sam Altman 重新担任 OpenAI 的 CEO。三名新的董事会成员取代了之前推翻 Altman 的领导层。
OpenAI’s new board doesn’t appear to be fully built. Negotiations are reportedly underway to install representation from Microsoft, which has invested billions of dollars in OpenAI, or other major investors.
OpenAI 的新董事会似乎尚未完全建成。据报告，正在谈判中，以引入已向 OpenAI 投资数十亿美元的微软或其他重点投资者的表率。
There’s a notable change in the board’s experience. The previous board included academics and researchers, but OpenAI’s new directors have extensive bac公斤rounds in business and technology.
董事会的经验出现了明显变化。之前的董事会包含学者和科研人员，但 OpenAI 的新董事在商场和技术方面持有丰富的背景。
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said in an interview with CNBC on Monday that governance at OpenAI needed to change. Nadella said Wednesday he is “encouraged” by the changes to the company’s board, according to a post on X, formerly known as Twitter.
微软 CEO Satya Nadella 在周一接受 CNBC 采访时暗示，OpenAI 的治理需要改变。Nadella 在周三暗示，他对机构董事会的变化感到“鼓舞”，据 X（前叫作 Twitter）上的一篇文章报告。
“We believe this is a first essential step on a path to more stable, well-informed, and effective governance,” he said.
“咱们相信这是通往更稳定、信息充分和有效治理的道路上的第1步。”他说。
Microsoft, Sequoia Capital, Thrive Capital and Tiger Global are among the OpenAI investors that lack representation on the board but had been pushing to reinstate Altman, as CNBC previously reported.
微软、红杉资本、Thrive Capital和老虎环球等OpenAI的投资者在董事会上缺乏表率，但此前CNBC曾报告，她们始终在推动恢复Altman的地位。
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Here are the newest members of OpenAI’s board</h1>
以下是新 OpenAI 董事会成员：
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 Bret Taylor, co-CEO of Salesforce, speaks at the Viva Technology Conference in Paris on June 15, 2022. ｜Getty Images
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Bret Taylor, board chair</h1>
布莱特·泰勒，董事会主席
Bret Taylor 日前是电子商务平台 Shopify 的董事会成员。他曾是 Salesforce 的联席 CEO，并在 Elon Musk 收购 Twitter 之前担任 Twitter 的董事会主席。
Taylor co-founded Quip, a collaboration platform that was acquired by Salesforce in 2016. That acquisition propelled him into the most senior ranks of the enterprise software company, where he would eventually take the co-CEO title in 2021. Taylor left Salesforce in January.
泰勒与他人一起创立了 Quip，这是一个协作平台，于 2016 年被 Salesforce 收购。这次收购使他晋升为这家企业软件机构的最高层，最后在 2021 年担任联席 CEO。泰勒于今年 1 月离开 Salesforce。
The executive launched his own artificial intelligence venture alongside a former Google executive in February. It isn’t clear whether Taylor’s involvement with his own AI startup will cease with his appointment to lead OpenAI’s board.
这位高管在 2 月份与一位前谷歌高管一起创立了自己的人工智能机构。日前尚不清楚泰勒是不是会在被任命为 OpenAI 董事会主席后停止参与自己的 AI 创业机构。
Taylor did not immediately respond to CNBC’s request for comment.
泰勒无立即回复CNBC的置评请求。
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 Larry Summers at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. David A. Grogan | CNBC
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Larry Summers</h1>
拉里·萨默斯
Larry Summers 在克林顿政府时期担任财政部长，曾任哈佛大学校长。做为经济学家，他在奥巴马政府的全世界金融危险时期领导了国家经济委员会。
His connections in Washington could be valuable for OpenAI as the company faces continued regulatory scrutiny from lawmakers.
在 OpenAI 面临立法者连续监管审查的状况下，他在华盛顿的人脉可能对机构拥有价值。
In December, Summers called OpenAI’s popular generative chatbot ChatGPT a “profound thing for humanity” during an interview with Bloomberg. He compared the advent of the technology to the introduction of the printing press and electricity.
在 12 月，萨默斯在接受彭博社采访时叫作 OpenAI 的热门生成式聊天设备人 ChatGPT 是“对人类有深远影响的事物”。他将这项技术的诞生与印刷机和电力的引入相提并论。
Summers also serves on the board of Block, a financial technology company led by Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, and on the board of Skillsoft, an educational technology company.
萨默斯还担任由 Twitter 联合创始人 Jack Dorsey 领导的金融科技机构 Block 的董事会成员，以及教育科技机构 Skillsoft 的董事会成员。
Summers stepped down in 2006 from Harvard’s presidency following backlash on campus about comments he made on gender representation in STEM fields at a diversity conference. Summers later apologized for the remarks, saying in a 2005 letter that he was “wrong to have spoken in a way that has resulted in an unintended signal of discouragement to talented girls and women.”
萨默斯在2006年因在一次多元化会议上对STEM行业性别表率性的评论而受到校园反弹，随后辞去了哈佛大学校长职务。萨默斯后来为这些言论道歉，他在2005年的一封信中暗示，他“以引起向有才华的女子和女性发出令人意外的劝阻信号的方式发布言论是错误的”。
A representative for Summers declined to comment.
萨默斯的表率拒绝置评。
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Adam D’Angelo</h1>
亚当·德安吉洛
Adam D’Angelo is the only member of OpenAI’s previous board who still holds a seat. He joined in 2018 and reportedly played a major role in the negotiations that brought Altman back to the helm.
亚当·德安吉洛是OpenAI前董事会中独一仍然持有席位的成员。他于2018年加入，据报告在将奥尔特曼带回掌舵的谈判中发挥了重要功效。
D’Angelo is the CEO of Quora, a platform where users can publicly ask and answer questions. He is also developing an AI chat platform called Poe, which he announced in February. He spent several years at Meta, formerly known as Facebook, and served as CTO from 2006 to 2008.
Adam D’Angelo 是美国知乎Quora 的 CEO，这是一个用户能够公开提问和回答问题的平台。他还在研发一个名为 Poe 的 AI 聊天平台，该平台于 2 月份宣布。他在 Meta（前身为 Facebook）工作了几年，并在 2006 年至 2008 年担任 CTO。
He has not commented publicly since Altman’s ouster Friday, but he retweeted a post on X that suggested his motives were not “crazy” or “vindictive.” OpenAI’s board fired Altman on Friday after determining he was “not consistently candid in his communications,” but its members never elaborated further.
自上周五 Altman 被罢免败兴，他尚未公开发布评论，但他在 X 上转发了一篇文案，暗示他的动机并非“疯狂”或“报仇性”。OpenAI 董事会在确定他“在沟通中不足坦诚”后解除了 Altman 的职务，但董事会成员并未进一步仔细说明。
D’Angelo did not immediately respond to CNBC’s request for comment.
D’Angelo 无立即回复 CNBC 的置评请求。
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Here’s who’s no longer on OpenAI’s board</h1>
以下是再也不担任 OpenAI 董事会成员的人员：
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 Helen Toner, Director of Strategy and Foundational Research Grants at Georgetown’s CSET speaks onstage
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Helen Toner</h1>
海伦·托纳
Helen Toner is a researcher and director of strategy and foundational research grants at Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology. Toner was a former employee at Open Philanthropy, serving as an advisor on AI policy.
海伦·托纳（Helen Toner）是乔治城大学安全与新兴技术中心的战略和基本科研拨款专家。Toner 曾是“开放慈善组织”的顾问，负责 AI 政策。
Toner offered what could be seen as public criticism of OpenAI in an October paper, a decision with which Altman reportedly took issue. The paper suggested that OpenAI’s launch of ChatGPT undermined the company’s efforts to develop AI safely, by spurring other tech companies into launching their own competing chatbots and forcing them to “accelerate or circumvent internal safety and ethics review processes.”
在 10 月份的一篇论文中，托纳对 OpenAI 提出了可能被视为公开批评的意见，据叫作 Altman 对此暗示不满。该论文认为，OpenAI 推出 ChatGPT 破坏了机构安全研发 AI 的奋斗，由于它促使其他科技机构推出自己的竞争聊天设备人，迫使她们“加快或规避内部安全和道德审查流程”。
She was one of the directors involved in pushing Altman out. She has not responded to CNBC’s previous attempts to contact her.
她是推动 Altman 离开的董事之一。她尚未回复 CNBC 之前的联系尝试。
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 Director of Business Development for Geosim Tasha McCauley attends the 2014 Kairos Global Summit | Getty Images
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Tasha McCauley</h1>
塔莎·麦考利
塔莎·麦考利（Tasha McCauley）自 2018 年起担任 OpenAI 董事会成员。她是兰德机构（Rand Corporation）的高级管理专家，曾任 GeoSim Systems机构 的 CEO，该机构开发了一个自动化城市建模系统。
She is married to actor and filmmaker Joseph Gordon-Levitt, who announced the union in 2015.
她与演员兼电影制片人 Joseph Gordon-Levitt 结婚，后者于 2015 年宣布了她们的结合。
McCauley has not commented publicly since Altman’s firing Friday. She did not respond to CNBC’s requests for comment.
自上周五 Altman 被解雇败兴，McCauley 尚未公开发布评论。她无回复 CNBC 的置评请求。
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 Ilya Sutskever, Russian Israeli-Canadian computer scientist and co-founder and Chief Scientist of OpenAI, speaks
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Ilya Sutskever</h1>
伊利亚·苏茨克维尔
Ilya Sutskever co-founded OpenAI and serves as its chief scientist. He also aligned himself, for a time, with the board members who ousted Altman.
伊利亚·苏茨克维尔(Ilya Sutskever) 是 OpenAI 的联合创始人兼首席专家。他曾一度与推翻 Altman 的董事会成员站在一块。
Sutskever is the author or co-author of more than 130 research papers on artificial intelligence, neural networks, and generative AI, according to his Google Scholar profile. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Toronto and had a brief post-doctoral stint at Stanford, according to his LinkedIn profile.
按照他的谷歌学者个人资料，Sutskever 是 130 多篇关于人工智能、神经网络和生成式 AI 的科研论文的作者或合著者。 LinkedIn的个人资料表示他持有多伦多大学的计算机科学博士学位，并在斯坦福大学短暂从事博士后科研。
Sutskever co-led OpenAI alongside president Greg Brockman, an idea that Altman at the time described as “non-traditional.” Sutskever is close with Brockman and officiated his wedding at OpenAI headquarters in 2019.
苏茨克维尔Sutskever 与总裁 Greg Brockman 一起领导 OpenAI，当时 Altman 将这一想法描述为“非传统”。Sutskever 与 Brockman 关系密切，并在 2019 年在 OpenAI 总部主持了 Brockman 的婚礼。
A personal plea from Brockman’s wife reportedly helped bring Sutskever back into Altman’s camp. Sutskever was one of the first signatories on a letter signed by the vast majority of OpenAI employees that demanded the board’s resignation over the weekend. He repudiated his support for the board in a post on X.
据报告，Brockman 妻子的个人请求有助于让 Sutskever 重新回到 Altman 的阵营。Sutskever 是绝大都数 OpenAI 员工签署的一封需求董事会在周末辞职的信的最早签署者之一。他在 X 上发布的一篇文案中否认了对董事会的支持。
Despite his about-face, Sutskever was removed from the board. His status as an OpenAI executive does not appear to have changed.
尽管他改变了立场，Sutskever 仍被从董事会中移除。他做为 OpenAI 高管的地位似乎无改变。
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 Sam Altman, chief executive officer (CEO) of OpenAI and inventor of the AI software ChatGPT, joins the TUM
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">What’s next?</h1>
接下来会出现什么？
Semafor reported that Altman had been pushing for months to add more directors at OpenAI, and reports suggest it’s unlikely that OpenAI’s board will remain this small.
Semafor 报告叫作，Altman 已推动数月，期盼在 OpenAI 增多更加多董事，相关报告显示，OpenAI 董事会不太可能保持如此规模。
Bloomberg said Thursday that among the changes Microsoft wanted was a larger and more experienced board. The board is currently smaller, and it’s unclear what, if any, kind of other protections or role on the board Microsoft might get.
彭博社周四暗示，微软希望进行的变革之一是持有一个更大、更有经验的董事会。日前董事会规模较小，尚不清楚微软可能会得到那些其他守护或在董事会中装扮何种角色。
The composition of the new board — experienced technology and business executives — suggests that OpenAI may be transforming into a more conventional Silicon Valley startup on paper, not just in spirit.
新董事会的构成——经验丰富的技术和商场高管——显示 OpenAI 可能在纸面上以及精神上正转型为一个更传统的硅谷创业机构。
The new governance, however, does not change the fact that OpenAI remains a “capped-profit” entity owned by a nonprofit, with excess profits continuing to flow up to that nonprofit.
然而，新的治理结构并无改变 OpenAI 仍然是一个非营利组织所持有的“利润上限”实体，其超额利润继续流向该非营利组织。
外刊文案重点词汇学习：
（一）
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/ace9746061b24753be6ea2ab55ee7e7b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729342282&x-signature=6%2F%2FokHXpufUyG9JoTWeIFYIDz5c%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>ousted[六级] - v. 罢免，赶下台音标：/aʊst/
英文释义：to remove someone from a position of power 
例句：The president was ousted in a military coup.（总统在军事政变中被罢免。）governance [六级] - n. 治理，管理音标：/ˈɡʌvənəns/
英文释义：the process of governing or controlling a country, organization, etc.
例句：Good governance is essential for a stable society.（良好的治理针对稳定的社会至关重要。）representation [六级] - n. 表率，表现音标：/ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn/ 
英文释义：the action of representing or the state of being represented 
例句：The company is seeking to improve representation of women in senior management positions.（机构正奋斗加强女性在高级管理职位中的表率性。）venture [六级] - n. 企业，危害投资音标：/ˈventʃər/ 
英文释义：a new business or enterprise, especially one that involves some risk
 例句：Their new online store was a successful venture.（她们的新网店是一项成功的投资。）profound[六级] - adj. 深远的，知识渊博的音标：/prəˈfaʊnd/
英文释义：deep or intense, having a great effect on the mind or feelings 
例句：The book had a profound effect on my thinking.（这本书对我的思考产生了深远的影响。）acquisition [六级] - n. 收购，得到 音标：/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/
 英文释义：the action or process of acquiring something, especially a company or a large amount of something 
例句：The acquisition of the smaller company will strengthen our market position.（收购这家较小的机构将加强咱们的市场地位。）
（二）
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/8d0a72a998874c5ea0986dbc86bc30fa~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729342282&x-signature=aH%2FTMZoHw7yog9j3AwDt%2FKrbchM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>artificial intelligence[六级] - n. 人工智能音标：/ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəns/
英文释义：the ability of a computer or machine to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
例句：Artificial intelligence is transforming the way we live and work.（人工智能正在改变咱们生活和工作的方式。）treasury secretary [六级] - n. 财政部部长音标：/ˈtrɛʒəri ˈsɛkrətri/ 
英文释义：the head of the treasury department in the U.S. government
例句：The treasury secretary announced new measures to combat tax evasion.（财政部部长宣布了打击逃税的新办法。）regulatory scrutiny [六级] - n. 监管审查音标：/ˈrɛɡjʊleɪtɔrɪ ˈskruːtəni/
英文释义：the process of being examined and monitored by a regulatory authority
例句：The company has been under regulatory scrutiny for its environmental practices.（该机构因其环保做法受到了监管审查。）board [四级] - n. 董事会音标：/bɔːrd/ 
英文释义：a group of people who manage or direct a company or organization 
例句：The companys board of directors is responsible for making major decisions.（机构的董事会负责制定重大决策。）collaboration [六级] - n. 合作，协作音标：/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ 
英文释义：the act of working with someone else on a joint project or goal
 例句：The success of the project was due to the excellent collaboration between the two teams.（项目的成功归功于两个团队之间的出色合作。）propelled[六级] - v. 推进，推动音标：/prəˈpɛl/
英文释义：to drive or push something forward, often with great force 
例句：The companys innovative products propelled it to the top of the market.（机构创新的制品推动了它在市场上的领先地位。）turmoil [六级] - n. 混乱，动荡音标：/ˈtɜːrmoɪl/
 英文释义：a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty 
例句：The country is going through a period of political turmoil.（这个国家正经历一段政治动荡的时期。）executive [六级] - n. 高管，执行者音标：/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ 
英文释义：a person with the power to put plans, decisions, rules, etc. into effect, especially in a company or organization
 例句：The companys executive team is responsible for making strategic decisions.（机构的高管团队负责制定战略决策。）reinstate[六级] - v. 恢复，重新任命音标：/ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt/ 
英文释义：to restore someone to a job, position, or system, especially officially 
例句：The company decided to reinstate the employee who had been fired.（机构决定重新聘用那位被解雇的员工。）
本资讯来自CNBC，可经过链接阅读：https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/22/sam-altmans-back-heres-whos-on-the-new-openai-board-and-whos-out.html

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