l14107cb 发表于 2024-6-23 19:10:36

差点漏诊的骨髓转移癌


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVXCniajNASMJ6TUzCtLib8RBeiaic4InqVcpy3IVyXe6iaP0NNOHsr13D0Sg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作者 | 杜永光</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">单位 | 河南大学淮河医院检验科</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">前&nbsp; &nbsp;言</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">骨髓转移癌是骨髓外的组织<span style="color: black;">或</span>器官中的恶性肿瘤向骨髓内转移。骨髓涂片<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>转移癌细胞是诊断骨髓转移癌简单而有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>部分病例会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>骨髓“干抽”而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>极少<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>癌细胞而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>漏诊。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">把握</span>骨髓转移癌的实验室特点,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>提示临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,必要时多部位多次骨穿或联合骨髓活检来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>检出率。接下来和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一例<span style="color: black;">因为</span>骨髓“干抽”而差点漏诊的骨髓转移瘤病例。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">案例经过</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那天上班,有一份<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的骨髓标本,从外观看<span style="color: black;">没</span>骨髓小粒、油滴<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。感觉取材<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>。我就找了两张推片较好的染色。染好后,在镜下观察的时候,确实如外观<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,未见骨髓小粒和油滴。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>增生低下,有核细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很少,基本都是成熟的粒细胞、淋巴细胞和少量有核红细胞。一时间难以诊断。我就询问临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,看能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>重新取材。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说其骨髓非常难抽,送检的<span style="color: black;">已然</span>是抽了髂后和胸骨两个部位的,让先<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>。说<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>送检了流式和骨髓活检。到时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span>结合一下。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>送检的片子上<span style="color: black;">无</span>标明<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是髂骨的,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是胸骨的,我只好随机又挑了两张片子染色。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有印象,他刚入院时血常规有问题,我当时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>为他进行了外周血涂片<span style="color: black;">归类</span>。只是看到有幼稚粒细胞和有核红细胞。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其他结果不完善,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>判断是不是血液病。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>我又重新看了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病史和其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>,看有<span style="color: black;">无</span>新的线索。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>,男性,42岁。主诉:乏力、活动后心慌3天</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">现病史:3天前<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>诱因<span style="color: black;">显现</span>乏力,活动后心慌。<span style="color: black;">没</span>发热、骨痛、胸痛、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、咳嗽、咳痰、便血、<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、头痛。来我院门诊就诊,<span style="color: black;">检测</span>提示贫血、血小板减少。门诊以“贫血、血小板减少查因”收入血液科。发病<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,精神差,食欲、<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>差,<span style="color: black;">体积</span>便正常,体重<span style="color: black;">没</span>减轻。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">既往史、个人史、家族史均<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>。查体除睑结膜苍白外<span style="color: black;">没</span>其他<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">入院后完善实验室<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血常规</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVkIVhxIauITncBlIiboorqNduhy6KaImPVSWPKkDrvoFJKs9fVF6p5BA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVIWXTImk4lwkjjK1kn7ogDBAkWfQOlOQrfjBIDyEiadsdicYTaPCmk8Eg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">凝血功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVibicvlxRiaoa89Pse49kLA9ffrqjgBa965MK6YYnK1YUvOE124YGxbhOw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">常规生化<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVwDVBAnUeB39lRV8HTRS2zlic7UqLcpYcRj5vAicjRAiccquQfqI8Xufpw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血沉<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVib93T5ggzT4icRMBeeIwW2C1ibvzrC37LTXKF8Qd8Qkxw0puW6RKjYK2A/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿常规<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVxaTZIia1LibaJQeNsUxOiaQXls6vstSgmhjzSpYOuuFtGykxckryskNGw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVF2Q2fNwaxFibz82sYbJ5FlS1n1mJOYLj264akfW2SlicXUnM7g7OVvkw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">贫血三项<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVvv6mYpUJfkibACv9d6LibmiaHkLBZeZ1yYricHWRQuhuFne4T4KIJVqCWQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌胚抗原<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVVDRLZ8u83JBSTlSD5UDgQFG68sibFdNqUNDx9yzFu6mbggiaicyogXmag/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">自己</span>抗体筛查</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVXXDg3MuhnUxHah0xaUvJzfMLOcyFSiakiaTcnmsXzHUh1eg3eicrE8bNQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血清蛋白电泳<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVN8GD8YCiaOg88tyIBz0aibeU2XaqdibV2F5g50Am4gPcjHY7u6fYk3dHQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">免疫固定电泳<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVxD8a8kutCscv8XzTiaDhF0su80OibQxy8EicmbQ4aricKwUVby2icUa62cg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Β2微球蛋白<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVDWdtvaG5K42kWFcywaX9pxicRWunzwvXH74o5NgIHa6KI3PGb7vK5Eg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">案例分析</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从以上实验室<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果来看:<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>还是表现为血常规的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。呈正细胞正色素性贫血、网织红细胞偏高,血小板明显减少,<span style="color: black;">归类</span>可见幼稚粒、有核红。而其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span>实验室<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中除了铁蛋白<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span>外,其余基本正常。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">该怎么分析呢?</span><span style="color: black;">中年男性,乏力、心慌入院。外周血两系减少、且可见幼稚粒、有核红。这种血常规<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和非血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>两个方面<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>。血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">包含</span>急慢性白血病、</span><span style="color: black;">MDS</span><span style="color: black;">、骨髓纤维化、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、巨幼贫、再障、</span><span style="color: black;">PNH</span><span style="color: black;">等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">包含</span>感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、急慢性肝病、肾病、<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫病、恶性肿瘤、内分泌<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等。<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来分析看可能是<span style="color: black;">那些</span>血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>急性白血病外周血<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会有不同数量的原始细胞,而<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外周血、骨髓均未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>原始细胞,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>急性白血病可能性不大。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">慢性白血病<span style="color: black;">平常</span>有骨髓增殖性肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>慢粒、真红、原发性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>等。但<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血象和病史进程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不符合。虽然多发性骨髓瘤常有骨髓干抽,血沉<span style="color: black;">显著</span>增快,但<span style="color: black;">病人</span>总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、电泳均正常,临床表现<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>骨髓瘤典型的骨痛、肾功能<span style="color: black;">损害</span>、高钙血症等,可能性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不大。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">叶酸、</span><span style="color: black;">VB12</span><span style="color: black;">正常,红细胞体积<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不大,巨幼贫<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>。再障<span style="color: black;">因为</span>是骨髓衰竭性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,外周血<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这么多有核红和幼稚粒。</span><span style="color: black;">PNH</span><span style="color: black;">常常有溶血性贫血的表现,而<span style="color: black;">病人</span>网织红细胞稍微偏高。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不太符合,<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>完全排除,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>加做锚蛋白检测<span style="color: black;">或</span>结合流式来鉴别。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而</span><span style="color: black;">MDS</span><span style="color: black;">、骨髓纤维化、淋巴瘤这三种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>外周血均可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>有核红、幼稚粒、且骨髓取材<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有干抽的可能性,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>不排除这三种血液病的可能性。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是骨髓纤维化,骨髓<span style="color: black;">常常</span>干抽,且<span style="color: black;">因为</span>有髓外造血,外周血特点<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>有核红、幼稚粒以及泪滴样红细胞,临床体征<span style="color: black;">常常</span>有脾大。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>我之前为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行外周血涂片时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>到成熟红细胞形态,并未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的泪滴样红细胞</span><span style="color: black;">,并且<span style="color: black;">病人</span>脾脏<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不大。这两点并不太符合,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合骨髓活检来鉴别。而</span><span style="color: black;">MDS</span><span style="color: black;">、淋巴瘤,由于骨髓干抽,并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>提示,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>排除。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>综合分析来看,受限于骨髓取材的问题,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合后续血液病<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>是不是这几种血液病。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVHjKsEzx88K4VBRX4y5om3JMM2sZuicoPnk02Q2vJYRP3XWvW30JfA7w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">外周血10*100倍 瑞吉氏染色</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而结合<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病史以及生化、尿常规、甲功、自免筛查等<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>,似乎<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的非血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的血象<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>,重新染色的另两张片子<span style="color: black;">亦</span>好了。我就先在低倍镜下浏览全片。一小堆聚集的细胞<span style="color: black;">导致</span>了我的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,赶快转油镜,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>是一堆破坏的细胞团,并<span style="color: black;">没</span>形态完整的细胞。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>这个<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>让我<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。心里打了个问号,会不会是转移癌?再找找,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>我把<span style="color: black;">病人</span>剩余的骨髓片全都染色。看能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>找到典型的形态完整的癌细胞团。等所有片子都看完,我只找到了4堆,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>都是破坏的细胞团。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SV3T9cBupqkAzhGtsZrlJB5oah3jCFCPDBwQgwPfsBbom5NGQhG7gcEQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">骨髓10*100倍 瑞吉氏染色</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">看到这几堆不完整的细胞。当时的<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>有几点:其一,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外周血象<span style="color: black;">显现</span>有核红、幼稚粒,这是转移癌血象的一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>特点。查文献得知其可能的机制是:1.肿瘤细胞破坏正常造血组织<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>未成熟细胞释放的屏障;2.骨髓转移癌细胞团<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有<span style="color: black;">反常</span>新生造血灶,这些造血灶<span style="color: black;">不可</span>像正常骨髓那样<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>未成熟细胞入血;3.存在髓外造血。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其二,骨髓干抽,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是转移癌的一个特点。其可能<span style="color: black;">原由</span>:1.正常骨髓造血组织受肿瘤细胞挤压<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>崩解破坏;2.肿瘤细胞粘连聚集<span style="color: black;">导致</span>堵塞;3.反应性的结缔组织增生<span style="color: black;">引起</span>骨髓纤维化。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其三,铁蛋白<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>提示有恶性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的可能。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其四,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>碱性磷酸酶(ALP)正常,这点不太符合。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span></span><span style="color: black;">ALP</span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>临床上<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于肝胆<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、骨骼<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、甲旁亢等。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是转移癌,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>会有</span><span style="color: black;">ALP</span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>临床表现<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>骨痛等<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>当时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>太确定这些细胞<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>是转移癌细胞。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,既然在骨髓中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了可疑的成团细胞,且有几点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>符合转移癌的特点。就和临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>沟通提示有可能是转移癌,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不排除MDS、骨纤、淋巴瘤这些血液病可能。需结合流式和骨髓活检的结果。几天后流式和活检结果反馈如下</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">流式结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVuHE3UVqE1ROy2rZPlhka3rEiaBHdAbuM0IZJPSHM3yWN3qKrqao8ibSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">骨髓活检结果</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVyqQiaYAWicMCIIktupOT9PwUHdOPGjVbdf3C8X9OAZsAoMOtXibHLujOw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结合骨髓活检结果,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>是腺癌骨髓转移,且MF为3级,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>提示存在骨髓纤维化。而流式结果提示有0.86%<span style="color: black;">反常</span>表型的髓系原始细胞,但<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>骨髓干抽以及未查染色体和基因,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法确定<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>存在MDS。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是要找到<span style="color: black;">病人</span>实体肿瘤的原发灶。而骨髓转移癌的原发癌症常以肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、胃肠道癌、肝癌等多见。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>临床为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>完善了胸腹部<span style="color: black;">加强</span>CT、胃镜、肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。最后在胃体<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了病变组织,经病理诊断为低分化腺癌。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">胸腹部<span style="color: black;">加强</span>CT</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVEAKAxkKRMQwBojJn08E1FF1ytU0zGCb6WBibdJSMJwDXGhpNPKKKicAg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">胃体组织病理</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SV7Du7gpFZHZ37Xgxx5Y6J4FLeBkolcxeMrBZwV5MSxFf5BtAlFkNAFg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>确诊以后,我又重新复片了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所有骨髓片。<span style="color: black;">最终</span>让我找到了一团有完整形态的癌细胞。哎!看来还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在太上老君八卦炉中炼炼。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVDXsALMpNqQyzkGDS6w4lAcE5aTS6eiaXEMSjHD2wAJ8f5bqT5AFOC7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">骨髓10*100倍
            瑞吉氏染色</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">总&nbsp; &nbsp;结</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实验室<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有贫血、血小板减少、外周血<span style="color: black;">显现</span>幼稚粒、有核红、血沉加快、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、铁蛋白、肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。临床有或<span style="color: black;">没</span>实体瘤病史、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>发热、骨痛等表现。要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到骨髓转移癌的可能。在骨髓涂片时要仔细浏览全片,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在涂片尾部及两侧<span style="color: black;">查询</span>可疑成团的细胞。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>碰到骨髓干抽,应尽可能重新取材<span style="color: black;">或</span>把送检的骨髓片均染色低倍镜浏览,再联合骨髓活检,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>检出率,避免漏诊。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">陈朴,王蓓丽,郭玮,潘柏申.106例骨髓转移癌临床及细胞形态学特点分析.检验医学,2013,28(07):595-598.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">栗瑞敏,张小芳,刘春海,李雪政.骨髓转移癌的实验室诊断及临床分析.中国实验诊断学,2017,21(02):276-278.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">END</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:本文为原创投稿,不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>检验医学新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>观点。转载时请注明来源及原创作者姓名和单位。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rpCxBIW8g9OHpyHTfDYnC2JOeDFGb7GDg2vl6hBJz7uXky8AU4qMKk1WvibAYWXm0ibEwF8BhFRdE8iaYR9pQyEhw/640?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">近期视频<span style="color: black;">举荐</span></strong><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rpCxBIW8g9OHpyHTfDYnC2JOeDFGb7GDg2vl6hBJz7uXky8AU4qMKk1WvibAYWXm0ibEwF8BhFRdE8iaYR9pQyEhw/640?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">编辑:徐少卿&nbsp; &nbsp;审校:陈雪礼</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rpCxBIW8g9NOt49DuiaMDiakTpiaMHlG9SVHic1DAYicO2QVoWYpSEpvtC1OjjBS5XBKKyAs24NYsGvsE4Sf3ebFzTA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>




wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-10-20 04:43:51

感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好!

4lqedz 发表于 2024-10-25 05:56:54

你的见解真是独到,让我受益良多。
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