nqkk58 发表于 2024-10-10 15:56:22

微项目化学习在初中英语阅读课堂教育的实践


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    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">微项目化学习在初中英语阅读课堂<span style="color: black;">教育</span>的实践</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">李 想 杨 珠</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">摘要:</strong>微项目化学习是较短周期内,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>问题驱动学生兴趣,让学生在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、分析和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的学习实践活动中发展核心素养的学习方式。本文以一则<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">教育</span>案例,探讨开展微项目化学习在初中英语阅读课堂的实践应用中的三个要素,即设计兼具情感性和知识性的驱动性问题,开展实施多维学习实践活动,实现问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>并培养核心素养。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关键词:</strong>微项目化学习;驱动性问题;学习实践;核心素养培养</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>引言</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《普通高中英语课程标准(2017版)》(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>《课标》)倡导新的英语学习活动观,“学生在主题<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的牵引下,学生<span style="color: black;">经过</span>学习理解,应用实践,迁移创新的学习实践活动,在分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的过程中,促进学科核心素养的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>”。《课标》强调英语学习过程活动化,学生是学习活动的主体,在实现问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的过程中<span style="color: black;">提高</span>学科核心素养。项目化学习是一种<span style="color: black;">按照</span>核心知识设计驱动性问题,引导学生利用高阶认知带动低阶认知,在分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的学习实践中,产生<span style="color: black;">能够</span>公开<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的学习成果,并在学习全程给予<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的<span style="color: black;">教育</span>方式(夏雪梅,2018)。英语学习活动观和项目化学习都提倡<span style="color: black;">经过</span>分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的学习实践活动促进学生素养的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>,故而在<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">教育</span>中采用项目化<span style="color: black;">教育</span>的<span style="color: black;">教育</span>方式是落实学生英语学科核心素养的有效途径。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">完整的项目化学习需要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>设计驱动性问题激发学生学习兴趣,让学生在学习实践活动中,调动高阶认知策略实现对核心知识的再构,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>公开<span style="color: black;">发布</span>成果相互交流,并在全程进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>,促进学生个人和团体进步,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>项目化学习过程<span style="color: black;">触及</span>主题设计、成果规划、成果<span style="color: black;">开发</span>和成果展示,其实施周期较长、实施空间较广且人员参与面<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,故而,在英语课堂<span style="color: black;">教育</span>的应用难度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dfc39163aaa64dd4bb8d275deda7b2c6~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=SgBEr6%2FoOxEc9B902E2fjRoJQsE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>微项目化学习</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与项目化学习的本质相同,微项目化学习<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需要设计驱动性问题激发学习兴趣,在学生分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的学习实践中促进核心素养的落实。微项目化学习又有所<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,夏雪梅(2018:18)指出“微项目化学习<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在课堂中为学生<span style="color: black;">供给</span>15-20分钟时长的探索性项目任务,<span style="color: black;">或</span>课外用类似实践性作业的形式对某个内容或主题进行小探索,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>只取其中的驱动性问题,探究性实践和社会性实践几个要素”。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,微项目化学习<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>以下特征:教师利用<span style="color: black;">教育</span>材料中<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的关键性概念设计问题,驱动学习兴趣;在探索性和社会性学习实践活动中促进核心素养培养的落实,实现从驱动性问题到本质性问题的认知转化,实现问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>;项目实施周期短,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在一节<span style="color: black;">或</span>两节课内完成<span style="color: black;">全部</span>项目;项目实施空间局限,项目学习实践活动多在教室内完成;项目人员参与面较小,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中为<span style="color: black;">指点</span>项目实施、开展课堂<span style="color: black;">教育</span>的教师<span style="color: black;">自己</span>和参与课堂学习的学生群体。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span><span style="color: black;">教育</span>背景分析与实践</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(一)语篇分析</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《课标》指出分析语篇<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对语篇的主题、内容、文体结构、语言特点、作者观点等进行深入<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>。教师需要回答三个问题:<span style="color: black;">第1</span>,语篇的主题和内容是什么?即What的问题;第二,语篇的深层涵义是什么?即Why的问题;第三,语篇<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>什么样的文体特征、内容结构和语言特点?即How的问题。本节课<span style="color: black;">选取</span>来自于人教版英语Go For It九年级第七单元Section B 2b的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>“Should teenagers be allowed to make their own decisions?”授课。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【What】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">语篇介绍了一个叫刘宇的15岁男孩,他<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>实现自己<span style="color: black;">作为</span>职业运动员的梦想,但父母并不支持,为此而产生<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>。语篇共五个自然段。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>段引入了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>讨论<span style="color: black;">专题</span>;第二段介绍了一个叫刘宇的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的个人梦想和父母之间的<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>以及父母的观点和<span style="color: black;">原由</span>;第三段介绍了刘宇的个人观点和<span style="color: black;">原由</span>;第四段继续介绍父母的观点及<span style="color: black;">原由</span>;第五段是刘宇继续表达自己观点和讲述缘由。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【Why】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">语篇以第三者的视角来描述青少年和父母关于青少年<span style="color: black;">将来</span>道路的<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>,意在<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>学生对<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的思考,本质上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是青少年和父母之间的沟通问题。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【How】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">语篇是一篇议论文,其明线是因学生学业成绩与个人<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>的冲突而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>父母和青少年之间的意见<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>,以及双方的意见表达;其暗线是双方<span style="color: black;">留意</span>见表达中采用的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>表达<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,虽是采用第三人<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>视角,仍然<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较强的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>性。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,语篇在结束时留白,并未提及是<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">遵循</span>了父母的意见,还是父母<span style="color: black;">选取</span>支持<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了两种可能性。学生<span style="color: black;">能够</span>创造性地发挥思维,猜测<span style="color: black;">结果</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对语篇的分析<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,语篇中的男孩15岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,年龄很可能<span style="color: black;">处在</span>初三年级,面临高中升学的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,与授课对象所面临的现实问题<span style="color: black;">类似</span>性很大,便于设计与现实情境<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的驱动性问题。驱动性问题可采用文本的标题“青少年应<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该被<span style="color: black;">准许</span>自己做<span style="color: black;">选取</span>”,而本质性问题则是采取<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的沟通方式<span style="color: black;">才可</span>让父母<span style="color: black;">准许</span>并支持自己做<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,本语篇适合采用微项目化学习的<span style="color: black;">教育</span>方式,设计驱动性问题,让学生在探究性社会实践中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题、分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a64a0c3008c4818a0adb7447af11a10~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=VrTMXXINcJMyMcfu7v%2F8y%2B%2Bp95Y%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(二)<span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本课时的授课对象为初三年级实验班学生共计45人。该班级学生语言<span style="color: black;">基本</span>较好,英语学习热情很高,英语课堂上敢于主动举手发言,乐于表达自己的观点。从整体上看,学生能够阅读简单语篇,理解语篇中的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>信息,能够从信息中找到作者观点,但通过语篇信息进行对比分析、归纳总结、构建新<span style="color: black;">规律</span>依然对<span style="color: black;">她们</span>很<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>挑战性,需要同伴合作与教师的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>和启发。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(三)<span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基于对语篇的分析,本节课的<span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>设计如下:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. <span style="color: black;">经过</span>利用青少年与父母展开讨论时所<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的语言对话<span style="color: black;">加强</span>学生语言能力;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. <span style="color: black;">经过</span>探究青少年和父母双方所表述观点和理由的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>关系发展学生思维<span style="color: black;">规律</span>;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. <span style="color: black;">经过</span>社会性实践活动,想办法说服对方,培养创新思维;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. <span style="color: black;">经过</span>倾听意见、讨论观点和运用<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>学习能力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(四)<span style="color: black;">教育</span>思路</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">微项目化学习以微项目开展实施为引领,依据“<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题—分析问题—<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题”的实施路径,在“设计驱动性问题—探究性社会实践——社会性社会实践”的实施<span style="color: black;">周期</span>设计<span style="color: black;">教育</span>实践活动,学生<span style="color: black;">经过</span>参与项目实施中的各项实践活动发展核心素养,其实施流程如图3.4.1。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23970d14cd724da0997d5aafff1dd0a9~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=Q4kC%2Fmj2pTAGwl86iSCHBipieuo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">周期</span>一:设计驱动性问题</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动一:情境创设</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师播放一段视频,视频讲述班级里的一名学生与语篇中<span style="color: black;">名人</span>的遭遇<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>自己的<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>和学业成绩的冲突和父母的意见产生了<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>,向老师倾诉<span style="color: black;">懊恼</span>并寻求<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,教师提出几个关键性问题“What happened to him? And why?”“Do you have any disagreements with your parents?”“Are you allowed to make your own decisions?”<span style="color: black;">同期</span>教师在黑板上贴上象征父母和<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的<span style="color: black;">照片</span>,并在<span style="color: black;">照片</span>两侧分别写 好关键词“get in the way of”“be allowed to practice as much as”,如图3.4.2。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74c5fcf95d784a968c24124eae1f3ce6~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=iX7UNAiFtuPserhomKV5PiOB5qY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">将问题与学生生活经验相结合,带入到文本的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>情境中,激活学生的背景知识,驱动学生预测文本<span style="color: black;">名人</span>会遇到的困境,设计驱动性问题,激发学生探索的兴趣。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">周期</span>二:探究性学习实践</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动二:<span style="color: black;">名人</span>分析</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师引导学生阅读文本,寻找语篇中关于学生的年龄、兴趣<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>、梦想和遇到的问题的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息,完成<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息表格填写,构建学生名片。教师<span style="color: black;">按照</span>学生的回答继续提出两个关键性问题“Is Liu Yu’s example real?”“Why teenagers like Liu Yu have some disagreements with their parents?”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>引导学生分析刘宇的信息,思考刘宇例子的真实性,将情境迁移到学生<span style="color: black;">自己</span>,从而<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的知识性联结与情感性联结,进一步<span style="color: black;">认识</span>背景知识,为语篇的分析埋下伏笔。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动三:篇章结构</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师提出问题“How do you divide the passage? Why?”<span style="color: black;">需求</span>学生快速阅读全文,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>语篇基本信息,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>语篇的基本信息对语篇进行结构分析,并说出恰当的理由。教师<span style="color: black;">即时</span>对学生的语篇结构划分做出反馈。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生快速阅读全文,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>语篇信息,归纳<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>段落的主旨大意,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>段落的主旨大意对<span style="color: black;">文案</span>结构有清晰的认识。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动四:观点寻找</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>结构,学生阅读文本并<span style="color: black;">快速</span>找出文本中刘宇和父母各自<span style="color: black;">描述</span>的观点,并<span style="color: black;">这里</span>过程中勾画关键词;教师将表达观点的关键词板书在黑板上。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">In Para. 2 and Para. 4, what are parents’ opinions?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">In Para. 3 and Para. 5, what are Liu Yu’s opinions?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>段落中找出刘宇和父母各自的观点和支撑理由,能够让学生<span style="color: black;">创立</span>知识联结,关注语言现象,找出冲突双方所<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的语言,对比分析语言运用,理解语言知识,发展语言能力。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/367488ad49a84be4b35bdbad988e8e1d~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=p5xYK3gzjJdyIA4xyKalOXNRdpY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动五:论据寻找</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师提出几个关键问题,引导学生找出父母表达观点的论据,同时梳理<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>父母的沟通<span style="color: black;">规律</span>。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,学生自主寻找刘宇表达观点的论据,并分析刘宇的沟通<span style="color: black;">规律</span>。教师<span style="color: black;">同期</span>将论据关键词和<span style="color: black;">描述</span><span style="color: black;">规律</span>板书在黑板上,如图3.4.3。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d82aa3839b04b3faeb9e425d4ec8681~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=tKyp3p7dhkQ530fNPF5ePuhAErA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师提出的问题如下:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Why do Liu Yu’s parents think he needs to think other possible jobs?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Do they present their ideas directly or indirectly?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">What do they say before they present their ideas?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Why do they communicate with each other in this way?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Please try to find how does Liu Yu present his ideas.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生找出刘宇和父母的观点的支撑论据,能够让学生<span style="color: black;">创立</span>知识联结,理解语言知识,整合信息,分析观点和论据的因果关系,从而<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>青少年和父母双方在表达意见时,所采用的<span style="color: black;">描述</span><span style="color: black;">规律</span>(表达理解,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>转折<span style="color: black;">描述</span>观点,用讲事实——表态度——看<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>支持观点),即文本中<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的试图<span style="color: black;">处理</span>驱动性问题的办法。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">周期</span>三:社会性实践</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动六:内化实践</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师将学生分为两组,一组“青少年应自己做决定”和一组“青少年应听从父母意见”。两组学生分别<span style="color: black;">装扮</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的家庭角色,小组合作,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>从文本中所梳理的语言和<span style="color: black;">规律</span>完成挑战性任务—说服<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一方听从己方的意见。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生<span style="color: black;">运用</span>从文本中梳理的语言,发展学生语言运用能力;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生<span style="color: black;">装扮</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的角色倾听他人的想法并<span style="color: black;">即时</span>给出<span style="color: black;">回复</span>,发展学生的学习策略;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>让学生<span style="color: black;">运用</span>从文本中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>,发展学生思维的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>性,<span style="color: black;">指点</span>学生在完成挑战性任务时,在情境中调动认知策略,在已有的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>驱动性问题的沟通办法的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上添加新的观点论据,从而发展创造性思维。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活动七:总结提炼</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>学生<span style="color: black;">装扮</span>角色时的表现,教师对学生为了说服对方所创造的新策略(给予承诺)给予反馈并批注在黑板上,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>提出几个关键性问题,引导学生思考,并总结出<span style="color: black;">经过</span>沟通交流,争取支持和理解是处理和父母之间意见<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>的最好方式。在象征父母和<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的<span style="color: black;">名人</span>中间贴上牵手的<span style="color: black;">照片</span>,如图3.4.4。最后<span style="color: black;">部署</span>作业,让学生<span style="color: black;">运用</span>今天所学的沟通<span style="color: black;">规律</span>给家长们写一封信说服父母支持自己关于<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的决定。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师提出的问题如下:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">In some situations, we do not come up with a way to solve the disagreement. Is it good to just give up our dreams? Is it good to take our parents’ advice? What is the best way? To give up our dreams, to take our parents’ advice or to persuade them to support us?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【设计意图】</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>带动学生思考问题本质,回到本质性问题,使学生认识到与父母产生意见<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>不可怕,只需要秉持正确的态度和科学的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,学会与<span style="color: black;">她们</span>沟通和交流,争取理解与支持。作业中让学生利用书信形式去说服父母,意在让学生将<span style="color: black;">经过</span>探究文本而获取的思维<span style="color: black;">规律</span>和<span style="color: black;">经过</span>角色<span style="color: black;">装扮</span>所创新的思维<span style="color: black;">规律</span>从口头转化为书信,从而进一步加强社会性实践运用。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e787d8ec086c41f88e78b5a73d4001df~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=OR%2BQsPqk6W5olSfxcWNbMT%2Fu7L0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ad55c767cc6f49dc9f0d8d722f4466f5~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=JX5WILSf9luVs2%2Fijs4lhAepsvA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>对开展微项目化学习的思考</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(一)驱动性问题兼具知识性和情感性</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">利用问题驱动学生实现有效学习,教师需要从知识和情感两方面设计与学生生活经历类似的驱动性问题。读前<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,教师<span style="color: black;">首要</span>需要从学科知识能力<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>学生的知识背景,让学生在探究问题的学习实践中既能有话可说,又能实现新的学习;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>需要从学生情感体验<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,设计能够与学生<span style="color: black;">创立</span>情感共鸣,激发学生探索兴趣的驱动性问题,让学生能够积极参与问题的分析、探究和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。“驱动性问题能够让学生在真实的情境中,从知识和情感两个方面去迁移,在积极的情感体验中有效学习”(李会民,代建军,2020)。设计兼具知识性和情感性的驱动性问题是微项目化学习开展实施的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(二)构建多维学习实践</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">语篇材料是微项目化学习过程中学生<span style="color: black;">创立</span>知识联结,寻找可行性<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>的重要载体。利用好阅读材料,设计教师引导、学生参与的学习实践活动,可促进学生精确理解情境中驱动性问题的本质概念;设计学生自主、生生互动的学习实践活动,并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>有挑战性的项目任务(即课堂阅读<span style="color: black;">教育</span>任务)让学生完成,可让学生与他人<span style="color: black;">创立</span>理解、倾听和合作的社会性实践,调动学习实践活动中的高阶认知,探求语篇材料所<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>并创造新的问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>办法。与传统的学习方式相比,项目式学习更加提倡从现实问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>中实现学生的自主探究和自主学习,更加强调学生的自我导向学习能力,倡导师生<span style="color: black;">一起</span>决策,注重培养学生的过程技能和核心素养(侯肖、胡久华,2016;转引自陈玉松,2021)。故而,构建师生合作、学生自主、生生合作的多维学习实践活动是微项目化学习成功开展的必要<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(三)在问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>中促进素养培养落实</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">项目化学习是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>高阶学习带动低阶学习,高阶学习基于获取和整合知识,扩展和精炼知识两个低阶学习而进行(夏雪梅,2018)并<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对比、分析、创造、决策等高阶思维来实现问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。在微项目化学习的阅读课堂中,<span style="color: black;">教育</span>活动的设计必须<span style="color: black;">包括</span>让学生能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span>现有的语篇材料获取<span style="color: black;">各样</span>背景信息,<span style="color: black;">选择</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>效力的关键性知识的低阶学习过程,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>必须<span style="color: black;">包括</span>让学生对已有的信息进行对比,联结现实问题情境,分析已有信息对问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的有效性,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>想象和创造,<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>或添加信息以创造新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来实现问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的高阶学习过程。学习过程中实现问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>,落实学生的核心素养培养是微项目化学习开展和实施的<span style="color: black;">最后</span>目的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>结语</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">微项目化学习是践行新课改理念的一种有效学习方式,还是语言学习活动化的一种有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。它<span style="color: black;">经过</span>引导学生在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题、分析问题和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题过程中<span style="color: black;">持续</span>思考来促进学生的核心素养的发展。教师在实施的过程中需要做到:关注驱动性问题的设计,基于学生背景知识和生活经验激发学生参与问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的兴趣和动机;设计多维学习实践活动和有挑战性的学习任务,维持和<span style="color: black;">保证</span>学生参与问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的动力和<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>;创造性地实现问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>,落实学生核心素养培养。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c6274e5e38714855ad874cd438ef47fe~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=2u93BBRhtsAfN73%2By15in04Sqc0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[1]陈玉松. 项目式学习在高中英语常规课堂<span style="color: black;">教育</span>中实践与反思[J]. <span style="color: black;">基本</span>外语教育<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,2021(2).</p>
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    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">The Practice of Micro Project-Based Learning in Junior English Reading Classroom Teaching</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Li Xiang Yang Zhu</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Abstract:</strong>Micro project-based learning is a learning mode to cultivate and develop student’s core quality by stimulating students’ learning interests with real problems, getting students involved in the practice of exploring, analyzing and solving them in a short period of time. This essay aims to find out the relevant elements of successfully carrying out micro project-based learning in junior English reading classroom teaching: the design of a real problem which is based on students’ learning experience and living experience; the implementation of multi-dimensional learning and practice activities; the realization of solving the problems and developing students’ core quality.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Key words: micro project-based learning; real problems; learning activities; cultivate the core quality</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(本文首次<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《<span style="color: black;">基本</span>教育外语教学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>》2023年第2期)</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e35a885381fb426980297e40a91688ab~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1728807877&amp;x-signature=VMjDHHy%2FNAAXKsZj%2F4Gh3JhTjwQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>




7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-10-10 17:59:56

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