汽车MCU芯片：量价齐升迎机遇，龙头全梳理
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>MCU市场下游消费以汽车电子、工业<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、计算机网络为主，据ASPENCORE数据统计其占比分别为34%、27%、18%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而在中国市场中，消费电子为MCU下游<span style="color: black;">重点</span>应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，占比为26%，汽车电子、工业<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>等相对高端市场占比较小，分别为15%、10%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当前，国内MCU市场由消费电子向汽车等高端<span style="color: black;">行业</span>渗透。<a style="color: black;">#汽车#</a><a style="color: black;">#MCU#</a><a style="color: black;">#芯片#</a></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/638f9722b4ac421c91a0cff6dae6c1d1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=HgEOcnQ%2BwgPp%2F9h22rqfA010pHg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在汽车<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，MCU<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>于核心的安全与驾驶方面，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>智能驾驶辅助系统的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、底盘安全、车身<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、动力<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、信息娱乐等，应用范围<span style="color: black;">非常</span>广泛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MCU在车内的应用：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eba1d0157b7d42ab994b615f706251f6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=hw9kAkpsMmkgTGtRx3GzFRsrcmA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：芯旺微</p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>IC Insights数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，2021年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>MCU<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额为196亿美元，同比增长23%，预计2021-2026年复合增长率为6.70%，2026年<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额将达到272亿美元。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>随着生产瓶颈的突破，预计2021-2026年MCU总出货量在将以3.0%的复合年增长率增长，2026年MCU总出货量将达到358亿片。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6692bc03cfdd4367aec417c365edf660~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=yuxbDTHL1OFE%2B4c9kZAt2fMhE%2B4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">MCU芯片行业概览</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MCU：MicroControlUnit，即多点<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>单元，又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>单片微型计算机(SingleChipMicrocomputer)，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>随着大规模集成电路的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>及发展，将计算机的CPU、RAM、ROM、<span style="color: black;">按时</span>器和多种I/O接口集成在一片芯片上，形成芯片级的计算机，为<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的应用场合做<span style="color: black;">区别</span>组合<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbe6defbf7b44f37bfc51bac4907e7fd~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=i8dbg%2F9i8vl74huyL7SsuAKwatU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">行行查 | 行业<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据库</a>资料<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，MCU由Intel率先提出，按总线或数据处理位数：4位、8位、16位、32位<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>64位MCU，性能随着位数的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>，适用场景<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更加丰富。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中8位和16位MCU<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>场景不<span style="color: black;">触及</span>操作系统，而32位MCU多用于多<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>处理、网络操作等<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>场景，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>需要<span style="color: black;">运用</span>嵌入式操作系统。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>市场上以8位和32位MCU为主，<span style="color: black;">将来</span>随着<span style="color: black;">制品</span>性能<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>，32位MCU的市场规模将进一步扩大。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd6f5006d885419fb74549645a10b754~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=o0IJ4f1xmD1a5mdJvHrC%2Fk90e28%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从存储器结构来看，MCU<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为Harvard结构和VonNeumann结构。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Harvard结构中程序指令和数据分别<span style="color: black;">位置于</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的存储器中，效率更高，成本<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">VonNeumann结构则是将程序指令和数据都放在同一个存储器中，成本更低，但效率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从指令体系来看，MCU<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为CISC体系和RICS体系，即<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>指令集和精简指令集，二者相比，RICS体系的硬件成本相对更低、处理速度更快，但软件<span style="color: black;">研发</span>更为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MCU<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb62dffb4c7e4f2db3c8b3128042a107~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=OcIFf4iGsAPoY4HIhVxI%2BbPVce4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">数据<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：IC insights</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">区别</span>应用市场对MCU的规格<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>MCU用途等级，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>可分为<span style="color: black;">商场</span>级，工业级，汽车级及军工级。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从对工作温度，交付良率、工作寿命的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>来看，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对消费类电子的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>级MCU相对较低，其次是针对工业电脑、器械<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的工业级MCU，而汽车电子所采用的车用MCU，则是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>和难度要远高于前两种，仅次于军工级。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15147a52bf514ae7aa5da595e827da62~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=%2FEYGuBoMYqxXRv%2Bbk%2Bn6vq5B1yg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在汽车电子芯片<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，MCU应用范围较广，从车身动力总成，到车身<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、信息娱乐、辅助驾驶，从发动机<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>单元，到雨刷、车窗、电动座椅、空调等<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>单元，每一个功能的实现<span style="color: black;">背面</span>都需要<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的芯片组支撑，其中MCU<span style="color: black;">装扮</span>最重要的角色。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在一辆汽车所装备的所有半导体器件中，MCU占比约30%，平均每辆车<span style="color: black;">包括</span>70颗以上的MCU芯片，需要实现车内各类应用场景，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对安全性要有足够<span style="color: black;">保准</span>。<a style="color: black;">#5月财经新势</a>力#</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">区别</span>MCU芯片性能参数对比：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d9af479ea81246078d8ebce4b34e5d1a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=7xyttpNHUzv9MMzQ2%2F3SDL4XRb0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：杰发科技</p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">汽车MCU芯片行业概览</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着国内MCU企业的快速成长，技术的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>突破，已有国内厂商完成车规级MCU流片。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">车规级MCU 企业在进入整车厂的供应链体系前，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>需符合三大车规标准和规范：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在设计<span style="color: black;">周期</span>要遵循的功能安全标准ISO26262，在流片和封装<span style="color: black;">周期</span>要遵循的AEC-Q以及IATF16949，在认证测试<span style="color: black;">周期</span>要遵循的AEC-Q100/Q104。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>国产车规MCU厂商大多为Fabless模式，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>只适用于AEC-Q系列和ISO26262认证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AEC-Q系列是针对元器件的<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>性进行的测试，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>Grade0~3四个等级，最严格的Grade0级工作温度范围达到-40~150°C。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ISO26262标准涵盖了从概念设计、<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>、批量生产到报废全生命周期，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">达到</span>到的功能安全等级分为ASIL-A/B/C/D四个等级，其中ASIL-D等级功能安全<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最严格。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31b9ec14683a473d9d3a0a8b817023f9~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=Lv0mIl95GwuSKqZEopnKVU%2FBZNA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">MCU市场格局</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从汽车MCU<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>市场格局来看，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>较高的行业和客户认证壁垒，<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>车用MCU芯片市场竞争格局较为集中，基本由欧美日厂商所垄断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">瑞萨电子、恩智浦、英飞凌、德州仪器、微芯科技、意法半导体在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>车用MCU市场份额分别为30%、26%、23%、7%、7%、5%，CR7<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>市场率合计高达98%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中，瑞萨电子为<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>车规MCU芯片龙头厂商，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已推出了RH850、RL78等多个系列<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。其发布的世界首款28nm制程的车规级MCU芯片RH850，<span style="color: black;">制品</span>性能和技术<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>领先地位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MCU<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>竞争格局：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2930d3dd85394e61844df85be4f64d50~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=CSQD0%2BQVooN3UmYnGYO7qcAYiVw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国内厂商充分受益于国产化机遇低功耗通用MCU市场较为集中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>IHS数据，国内MCU龙头企业<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有兆易创新、中颖电子、乐鑫科技、<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>技术、复旦微电、纳思达、芯海科技等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国内<span style="color: black;">重点</span>MCU厂商：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef6c736b6c3344cb9d9e64085db3dddc~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=VB34KTfCADgYKmz1NmP%2FHbEmPq8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：东北证券</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>车载MCU市场CR5超过90%，基本由欧美日厂商垄断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国内实现车规级MCU量产企业<span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中于门窗、照明、空调面板、仪表盘、T-BOX等车身<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，逐步向在BMS、ADAS、安全气囊、防抱死系统等<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>拓展，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内国芯科技、杰发科技、芯驰科技等厂商<span style="color: black;">已然</span>具备车载MCU量产能力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2021年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>，受旺盛的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>驱动以及芯片制造产能的紧缺，多种类型芯片<span style="color: black;">显现</span>短缺，给国内芯片企业带来了机会。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30eddcd86ea4408cb0680bc8afd0a2a7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=Gaj7y4wUbQO7RQ7SzXVdtdrybHk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>车规级芯片认证时间长，进入壁垒高，大部分市场为海外龙头半导体厂商占据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">汽车MCU市场<span style="color: black;">重点</span>被NXP、瑞萨、英飞凌、TI、Microchip等海外半导体厂商占据。2021<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>的芯片短缺，给国产芯片厂商带来了机会，推动了中高端芯片市场的国产化进程，给国内芯片厂商带来机遇。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56b5825ebace4abc9692f7a7995352ff~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728803093&x-signature=QfsdDFuK48NJ9g0dLTjsHqzdL94%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内MCU厂商在汽车、工控以及消费电子<span style="color: black;">行业</span>有突破<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在附加值更高的汽车等<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，海外厂商仍然占据主导地位。海外厂商的缺货给国内MCU<span style="color: black;">机构</span>带来替代机会，国内造车新势力厂商正积极验证国产MCU。</p>
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