关于骨髓增生综合症应该认识些什么
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">患了骨髓<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>护理，正确的护理<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的治疗是非常有益的！<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>预防<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，养成良好的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>起居习惯，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的抵抗力，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>预防<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>是非常有益的！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨髓增生<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>（MDS）是<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于造血干细胞<span style="color: black;">损害</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，病变会<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>先后累及到红细胞、粒细胞及巨核细胞的造血祖细胞，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>常<span style="color: black;">引起</span>红细胞减少、粒细胞减少以及血小板减少，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>多表现为贫血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>和感染。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">得了骨髓增生<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">综合症</span>，怎么办？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了贫血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、感染的问题，要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>对症治疗：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>仅有严重贫血，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、气短、活动严重受限的，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>输红细胞来纠正贫血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血小板减少<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是输注血小板。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>白细胞减少，MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易被细菌、真菌、病毒感染，一旦<span style="color: black;">出现</span>感染要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>运用抗生素、抗真菌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行治疗。感染是除了白血病外MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最高的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，其中血液真菌感染占有很大比重，除了在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>感染时<span style="color: black;">即时</span>用上抗真菌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行治疗，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采用预防性治疗，在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>感染前预先用抗真菌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来预防真菌感染的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，降低感染<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率和死亡率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，想要根治MDS<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>做造血干细胞移植治疗，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>因年龄、经费、供者<span style="color: black;">原由</span>等<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做造血干细胞移植，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这些病人，治疗的目的是延长<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的寿命和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>MDS 血象下降程度、骨髓中原始细胞数以及染色体核型把MDS分成多个危险度，这<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>来评判。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-91efe17377d179993b6c7aa24ac8934a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>危险程度低的，血象降低不太<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分血象降低的MDS<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用治疗再生<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>性贫血的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行治疗，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>用环孢素A 、雄性激素（司坦唑醇、<span style="color: black;">或</span>十一酸睾酮），<span style="color: black;">或</span>用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）治疗。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的治疗，可使一半<span style="color: black;">上下</span>病情不太严重MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情<span style="color: black;">得到</span>改善。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>易转化为急性白血病的高危病人，要及早采取和急性白血病的化疗<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">或</span>用去甲基化<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗，这些治疗可能改善病情，阻止短期内转化为急性髓系白血病。年龄<span style="color: black;">少于</span>60岁，易转化为白血病的MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有<span style="color: black;">前提</span>做造血干细胞移植，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>尽早移植。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>输血效果<span style="color: black;">不良</span>、血小板减少、<span style="color: black;">已然</span>用过常规<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有合适<span style="color: black;">供给</span>造血干细胞移植的供者，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可行造血干细胞移植治疗。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，做了造血干细胞移植的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，仍有部分会因感染、排异和病情复发。当然移植后因免疫功能低下，真菌感染可能性<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，预防真菌感染在移植后<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>，采用<span style="color: black;">有些</span>抗真菌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行预防治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低造血干细胞移植后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间长的<span style="color: black;">达到</span>到20年，短的<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>几周。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身边有人患了MDS，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要让血液病专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对病情进行<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，制订合适的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，达到最佳的治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对本文有疑问、对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>与治疗有不懂的问题，可在线留言进行咨询。</p>
感谢您的精彩评论，为我带来了新的思考角度。 我深感你的理解与共鸣，愿对话长流。 你的话语真是温暖如春，让我心生感激。 说得好啊！我在外链论坛打滚这么多年，所谓阅人无数，就算没有见过猪走路，也总明白猪肉是啥味道的。 我完全同意你的看法，期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。
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