掌控肿瘤形成和生长!中国药科大学研发肿瘤纳米疫苗,用于个体化癌症免疫治疗
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240323/f4602a3b02304109a3f1eab787caabda.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:Jerry</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">导读:</strong><span style="color: black;">癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出在癌症预防和治疗方面巨大的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。然而,它们的疗效仍然受到限制,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其免疫原性较弱,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>有效刺激细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,中国药科大学莫然团队在期刊《Science Advances》 在线<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了题为“Lymph-targeted high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanovaccine for multi-antigenic personalized cancer immunotherapy”的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种高密度脂蛋白(HDL)模拟纳米疫苗,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>淋巴靶向能力,能够利用脂质纳米颗粒有效诱导抗肿瘤免疫力,该脂质纳米颗粒共载有特定癌细胞膜携带的一系列肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原和免疫佐剂。<strong style="color: blue;">纳米疫苗的免疫接种<span style="color: black;">控制</span>了肿瘤的形成和生长,并<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>了对小鼠模型中高干细胞性黑色素瘤的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的治疗效果。</strong></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk2444</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>背景</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">01 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">疫苗接种被认为是有效的预防传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>的<span style="color: black;">干涉</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,可大大降低公共卫生中的发病率和死亡率。在过去的十年中,癌症疫苗得到了广泛的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,其目的是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>肿瘤抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应来消除癌细胞。迄今为止,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>预防性疫苗<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局(FDA)<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,并用于预防乙型肝炎病毒和人乳头瘤病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的恶性肿瘤。可是,肿瘤抗原的内源性特征是免疫原性低,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>很难诱导有效的免疫反应,这与来自外来病原体的抗原的传统疫苗有很大不同。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,传统疫苗诱导体液免疫,而由CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)介导的细胞免疫在癌症疫苗杀死癌细胞中起着<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>应用全肿瘤裂解物、抗原与佐剂联合给药以及载体配方等多种策略,<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出多种<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疫苗效力的策略。纳米载体被认为是癌症疫苗有前景的递送载体,它有助于将抗原定向递送至<span style="color: black;">重要</span>免疫器官和细胞类型。继发性淋巴器官,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是淋巴结(LNs),<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>树突状细胞(DCs)和T细胞,这些细胞是癌症疫苗强抗原特异性CTL介导反应的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>靶点。针对LNs和DCs的有效递送系统仍然是<span style="color: black;">研发</span>癌症疫苗的理想<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">02 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">首要</span>在黑色素瘤预防模型上<span style="color: black;">评定</span>了R837/LNP-M-L的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>抗肿瘤<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,小鼠在尾基部皮下接种了不同LNP疫苗,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>R837/LNP-L、R837/LNP-M、LNP-M-L和R837/LNP-M-L,间隔1周接种3次,最后一次接种后7天,小鼠被皮下<span style="color: black;">移植</span>B16F10 ACs,并监测其肿瘤形成和生长<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">接种R837/LNP-M-L的延迟肿瘤形成效果最好,表现为肿瘤生成速度最慢,形成的肿瘤体积最小。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接下来,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">评定</span>了R837/LNP-M-L在<span style="color: black;">控制</span>高干性黑色素瘤形成和发展中的预防效果。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,R837/LNP-M-L是一种有效的癌症疫苗,可<span style="color: black;">控制</span>黑色素瘤的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>和<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>配备不同表型黑素瘤细胞的细胞膜,实现了针对不同恶性程度黑素瘤<span style="color: black;">包含</span>高干性黑素瘤的个性化免疫。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员进一步探索了R837/LNP-M-L抗肿瘤的机制。<strong style="color: blue;">结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>R837/LNP-M-L疫苗克服了肿瘤的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>微环境,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>肿瘤和淋巴结内CD8+ T细胞的频率,从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了与aPD1联合的治疗效果。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240323/7b96d381df264bf39b2c367a1468b3cc.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">R837/LNP-M-L对csc富集的黑色素瘤小鼠模型的治疗性抗肿瘤<span style="color: black;">功效</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结论</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">03</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接种R837/LNP-M-L延缓了黑色素瘤小鼠模型的肿瘤形成和生长,并<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了临床应用的免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂对干细胞性免疫耐药性黑色素瘤的治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk2444</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注:本文旨在<span style="color: black;">介绍医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>参考。如需<span style="color: black;">得到</span>健康<span style="color: black;">指点</span>,请至正规医院就</span>诊。</p>
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