老年人显现肾功能反常和贫血 要警觉多发性骨髓瘤
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤是血液系统恶性肿瘤,在血液系统肿瘤中发病率排第二位,仅次于淋巴瘤,该病好发于老年人群。随着平均寿命的延长及人口老龄化,该<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的发病率在近20年逐步<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,江苏省人民医院(南京医科大学<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">附庸</span>医院)血液科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>范磊教授和多发性骨髓瘤方向<span style="color: black;">重点</span>负责人屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>接受记者采访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>多发性骨髓瘤症状不典型,临床上很容易被误诊。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>表现为贫血、肾功能不全的病人要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>常规治疗效果<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要到大型综合性医院,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>多学科MDT准确诊断、正确治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肾功能不全当肾病治 一查竟是多发性骨髓瘤</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">70多岁的张爷爷<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肾脏<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在当地医院肾内科诊治,可是治疗了四五个月,肾脏病<span style="color: black;">不仅</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>好转,反而进行性加重,还<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了贫血、头昏乏力的症状。有一天,张爷爷在家<span style="color: black;">昏倒</span>了,家属<span style="color: black;">非常</span>着急,<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>是不是有潜在的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,于是将老人转到了江苏省人民医院。该院血液科多发性骨髓瘤方向<span style="color: black;">重点</span>负责人屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>接诊后,经过深入询问病史及对当地<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的仔细回顾后,高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>是多发性骨髓瘤,并<span style="color: black;">起步</span>了MDT会诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经过江苏省人民医院血液科、肾内科、骨科、影像科和其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span>科室<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>集中讨论,对病人进行深入<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,MDT会诊当天,便确认多发性骨髓瘤的诊断。进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,张爷爷多处骨骼已<span style="color: black;">显现</span>病变,再拖下去,很可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>病理性骨折等更严重的并发症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">病人</span>虽然表现为贫血和肾脏<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,但本质是多发性骨髓瘤。”屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>多发性骨髓瘤症状不典型,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>病人<span style="color: black;">首要</span>表现出的是<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>乏力、肾功能不全等,一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>不会到血液科首诊,临床上很容易误诊。江苏省人民医院血液科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>范磊教授介绍说,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>多发性骨髓瘤这种表现不典型、相对比较<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,该院血液科联合骨科、肾内科、风湿免疫科、<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>科、影像科等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>科室组<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>多发性骨髓瘤MDT,打破学科之间的壁垒,减少<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>的时间和环节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240509/5ae376463f7545d294cd80c0d0e8626f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">范磊教授</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240509/14e9be8053784c348bf54dd2a1c6f802.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据说</span>,江苏省人民医院血液科是国家临床重点专科、江苏省医学重点学科,在全国学科排名居于前列,对血液系统肿瘤的诊治水平位居国内领先地位。范磊教授指出,多发性骨髓瘤是多学科诊治的典型病例,MDT在这一病种的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>介入,能够更好地对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行<span style="color: black;">即时</span>有效地综合诊断和治疗,<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率和生活质量都有非常大的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>介绍,随着整体创新<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的蓬勃发展以及骨髓瘤治疗模式的改变,多发性骨髓瘤的治疗有了很大<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>预后<span style="color: black;">持续</span>改善,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期有了<span style="color: black;">显著</span>突破。在20<span style="color: black;">数年</span>前,骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期大概是2-3年,而<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期已达到5-8年,部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到10年以上的生存,且<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例逐步<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家提醒:超九成<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有骨病变 <span style="color: black;">运用</span>骨靶向药要全程、规范</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的临床表现,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>骨髓瘤骨病。屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>介绍,骨髓瘤骨病是骨髓瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的骨破坏病变,临床上表现为骨质疏松、高钙血症、溶骨性破坏以及病理性骨折等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超过90%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>不同程度的骨病变,其中溶骨性病变会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件会严重影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量和<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,如容易发<span style="color: black;">患病</span>理性骨折,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>溶骨性破坏<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在脊柱,会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>脊髓压迫,可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>截瘫。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,对骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,除了治疗肿瘤外,骨病<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>骨髓瘤骨病整体治疗策略中,最<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的是针对骨髓瘤肿瘤细胞进行治疗,避免进一步<span style="color: black;">引起</span>骨质破坏的加重。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,国内外各个权威指南一致<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>在<span style="color: black;">起步</span>骨髓瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,要进行骨靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的治疗。”屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对多发性骨髓瘤的诊治有丰富的经验,她指出,骨靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>治疗骨髓瘤骨病和预防骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>恢复骨骼问题,减少严重的骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。“不管<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">起步</span>全身治疗时,有<span style="color: black;">无</span>影像学改变、有<span style="color: black;">无</span>溶骨性改变,都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>积极<span style="color: black;">起步</span>骨靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来预防骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">时期</span>延长,多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>进入慢病管理模式,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>治疗前的诊断、临床治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>的管理,以及治疗后的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访和居家用药管理。屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在医院的治疗期可能不到一年,后续<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间相对较长,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访和居家用药,更<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行很好地宣教,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>自我管理<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>从治疗<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>骨靶向药,<span style="color: black;">连续</span>两年时间,两年后<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>再<span style="color: black;">知道</span>用药<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,不<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>直接中断治疗。”屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>指出,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>抗肿瘤<span style="color: black;">同期</span>进行骨靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的规范治疗,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>很大程度避免恶性骨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,改善<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活质量,延长患者整体<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,降低<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗成本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记者获悉,今年骨靶向药地舒单抗120毫克注射液的多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>适应症纳入国家<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>落地执行,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>月只要自付几百元就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>完成治疗,<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>大大减轻。“<span style="color: black;">做为</span>创新药,地舒单抗的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制与既往的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>不同,在疗效和安全性上都<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,它的用药方式是皮下注射,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在门诊完成皮下注射,方便了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>后续<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>居家治疗,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是很大的<span style="color: black;">好处</span>”,屈晓燕<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>介绍说。</p>
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