2成多发性骨髓瘤病人被误诊?专家:老人这些症状要小心
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">核心提示:乏力、贫血、蛋白尿、全身骨头<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>……你以为这些只是老人年纪大了在所难免?但有一种血液肿瘤正是悄悄<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>在这些平淡<span style="color: black;">没</span>奇的症状之中,等待着<span style="color: black;">机会</span>发动致命一击,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>多发性骨髓瘤。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20%-25%的多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>初诊时找错了科室,”<span style="color: black;">近期</span>,第二军医大学长征医院血液内科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>侯健教授在接受39健康网采访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“多发性骨髓瘤的初期发病症状与多种老年人<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>类似,隐匿性较高,许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被表面症状所蒙蔽,走进肾内科、内分泌科、骨科等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>科室,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>治疗延误”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他所提及的多发性骨髓瘤是一种多见于中老年人的血液肿瘤,发病率为1/10万, 约占恶性肿瘤的1%, 发病年龄大都在40~70岁之间。与大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人的想象不同,这一<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的发病率在血液系统恶性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中高居第2位,仅次于淋巴瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 老人<span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下症状要<span style="color: black;">小心</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤是<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>合成和分泌免疫球蛋白的浆细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>恶变,<span style="color: black;">海量</span>单克隆的恶性浆细胞增殖<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的血液肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>仍然<span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈。<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有贫血、骨痛、肾功能不全、感染、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、神经症状、高钙血症、淀粉样变等,而4大核心症状则为CRAB——高钙血症、肾功能不全、贫血、骨质病变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nCeHoaHejqyFakfp52IwiaaD1hnJCQXbMIicic5UtXb1zd2SLbf2M6tVCeITOqHlCgrNfU7CZjHwRFvPgkZA94OWg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二军医大学长征医院血液内科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>侯健教授(左五)接受<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>群访</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">侯健教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,在多发性骨髓瘤确诊的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>起病时的表现都是腰腿<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>进行性加重,直至卧床、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>骨折;再<span style="color: black;">便是</span>体<span style="color: black;">检测</span>血<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>贫血,才<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到多发性骨髓瘤的可能。还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>,蛋白尿<span style="color: black;">数年</span>,肾功能不全,有的<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了肾功能衰竭,反复就诊肾内科,却不知其实是多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肾脏损害。以上种种表现<span style="color: black;">便是</span>多发骨髓瘤临床表现中常说的CRAB症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“40-70岁的人群中,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的乏力、贫血、感染、蛋白尿、下肢浮肿、全身骨头<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,短期内<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">自动</span>恢复的,以及<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>病因的病理性骨折的,都应该<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>多发性骨髓瘤的可能性,并<span style="color: black;">即时</span>前往血液内科就诊。”侯健教授提醒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>群体<span style="color: black;">一样</span>应当加强多发性骨髓瘤的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>知识教育,<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>防范<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,推广诊疗规范,实现多发性骨髓瘤治疗的可及性及规范性,医患携手共进,降低误诊率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 老龄化助推肿瘤高发 规范诊疗需求迫切</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nCeHoaHejqzxTlNF972Jx0sWDp85HqQZiamQ5xCMlEjcKz8Z9gVT5gWGFhV2Y0nvazxDUInkMPf8eBrJRGhuGfA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>多发性骨髓瘤发病率的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,上海飞速上涨的老龄化程度令侯健教授更为担忧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,上海市<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2015年底,全市60岁以上老年人已占30.2%,老年人口<span style="color: black;">已然</span>占到全市人口总数的三分之一,且高龄人口占比越来越多,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着,多发性骨髓瘤的诊治形式将更为严峻。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">侯健教授提出,<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>血液肿瘤<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,多发性骨髓瘤诊治<span style="color: black;">方法</span>历经<span style="color: black;">数年</span>时间,已形成成熟的诊疗指南,但规范化治疗尚有可改进之处,应从加强<span style="color: black;">精细</span>诊断,规范用药治疗、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访等多个方面入手,全面<span style="color: black;">提高</span>多发性骨髓瘤的规范化诊疗工作。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong style="color: blue;"> 改善预后<span style="color: black;">首要</span>需<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>依从性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nCeHoaHejqzxTlNF972Jx0sWDp85HqQZmJEE4hbZCJKGYS0Nh7loxrzJN19E5LB3CPMm9odpsT9oico92a00sdw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤的发展过程从<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状(SMM,冒烟型)到有症状,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>症状性骨髓瘤。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断、<span style="color: black;">即时</span>有效的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>以及个体化的医学<span style="color: black;">指点</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病情<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>可能更好,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期更长。近10年来,随着诊断技术及<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的突飞猛进,多发骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>预后得到<span style="color: black;">明显</span>改善。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">侯健教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,在治疗方面,随着新药的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>上市,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>预后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>随之<span style="color: black;">明显</span>改善。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">存活</span>改善<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中依从性较好的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,尤其是能够<span style="color: black;">保持</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>规范化治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在<span style="color: black;">选取</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>时,在<span style="color: black;">保准</span>疗效的前提下,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>依从性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 新药和传统药的<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>组合,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>临床上常用的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>蛋白酶体<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、免疫调节剂、抗体<span style="color: black;">药品</span>以及组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂等新药以及激素、化疗药等传统<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">侯健教授透露,从传统的沙利度胺、来那度胺、地塞米松“三驾马车”到首个口服的蛋白酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂伊沙佐米<span style="color: black;">面世</span>,治疗多发性骨髓瘤的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>层出不穷,最新上市的伊沙佐米在<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>的便利性、副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>以及耐药性上相较现有<span style="color: black;">药品</span>均已有<span style="color: black;">很强</span>改观,而蓬勃发展的单抗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>则进一步为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>,具备经济能力及诊疗<span style="color: black;">前提</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>放弃<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nCeHoaHejqzjUFZBhUcAXuRpJN0Yj34CDOprVQdXYchSpYbib0GkKYiaAswvbz1jiaTktkyQRkDyibpMcThpK3Yqlw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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