并网光伏对电网电能质量的影响和治理
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">安科瑞 汤婉茹</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咨询家：Acrel-TWR</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">摘要：</strong>光伏发电<span style="color: black;">做为</span>当今一种新型、无污染的发电方式，对传统电能的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>起到了很大缓解<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>并网光伏发电系统而言，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>其本身随机性、波动性、间歇性的特点，且并网光伏发电系统中含有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的非线性电力电子元器件，相比传统发电方式，光伏发电对电网电能质量产生了很大影响。本文分析了并网光伏发电对电网产生的谐波、电压波动和闪变、直流注入、孤岛效应等问题，并<span style="color: black;">科研</span>探讨了改善电能质量的可行性<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是孤岛效应！！！</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在电力系统中，孤岛效应指的是当电网<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>断电时，并网光伏发电系统仍然保持对电网中部分线路的供电状态。这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，这些线路与其他电网断开，形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一个独立的供电孤岛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">孤岛效应的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>！！！</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉当电网侧停电检修，若并网光伏电站的逆变器仍在继续供电，维修人员不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到分布式系统的存在，从而可能危及维修人员的安全。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉当孤岛效应<span style="color: black;">出现</span>时，负荷大于<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">少于</span>光伏发电功率，电网<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>供电孤岛的电压和频率，电压幅值和频率的漂移会对用电设备带来破坏；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>逆变器仍然在发电，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>并网系统输出电压和电网电压之间产生相位差，当电网重新恢复供电时会产生浪涌电流，可能会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>再次跳闸或对分布式发电系统、负载和供电系统带来损坏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《光伏发电站接入电力系统的技术规定》GB/T 19964-2012的<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>，光伏发电站应配置独立的防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span>，动作时间应不大于2s。防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span>还应与电网侧线路<span style="color: black;">守护</span>相<span style="color: black;">协同</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240820/13e57b7bcdfa427e9d172974603bbcf1.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">AM5SE-IS防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span></strong><span style="color: black;">重点</span>适用于35kV、10kV及低压380V光伏发电、燃气发电等新能源并网供电系统。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>：逆功率<span style="color: black;">守护</span>、频率<span style="color: black;">守护</span>（低频减载/高频<span style="color: black;">守护</span>）、频率突变跳闸、有压自动合闸、三段式过流<span style="color: black;">守护</span>（可经低电压闭锁、可带方向闭锁）、反时限过流<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等<span style="color: black;">守护</span>功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span> GB/T 50865-2013 ”当光伏发电系统设计为不可逆并网方式，应配置逆向功率<span style="color: black;">守护</span>设备。当检测到逆向电流超过额定输出的5%时，光伏发电系统应在2s内自动降低出力或停止向电网线路送电。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240820/20ed554baf834838b106796cde8a2f5f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240820/6302911943334607b040c3c986fc9525.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">AM3-I 防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span></strong><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>资源紧凑、彩色大屏<span style="color: black;">表示</span>、一次图可配置的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>：三段式过流、零序过流<span style="color: black;">守护</span>（三段）、负序过流（两段）、过负荷跳闸/告警 、过电压跳闸/告警（两段）、低电压<span style="color: black;">守护</span>、PT 断线告警、逆功率跳闸（两段） 、低频减载（两段）、非电量<span style="color: black;">守护</span>（温度、瓦斯）等<span style="color: black;">守护</span>功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240820/51c88991ed474ae4860a75ad5ca430f7.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240820/960f794676264a8f90ebf42f13cebdd4.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">AM5SE-PV：</strong>当光伏并网与市电侧进线距离较远可采用AM5SE-PV系列主从式防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span>。此<span style="color: black;">安装</span>适用于 110kV 及以下电压等级，是分布式发电系统中重要的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>测控<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240820/a9b6d92b430f4dc7a5dd796e436bd18b.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉ AM5SE-PVM 主机</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AM5SE-PVS 从机</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AM5SE-PVS2 从机</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉ 主从机配置<span style="color: black;">意见</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>距离在200m——2<span style="color: black;">千米</span>以内</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◉ 主机<span style="color: black;">守护</span>功能</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">过电压/低电压/电压滑差</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高频/低频/频率滑差</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">逆功率<span style="color: black;">守护</span>/逆功率恢复</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">八段低功率<span style="color: black;">守护</span>/低功率恢复</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">安科瑞的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>方案</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电能质量在线监测</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">APView500 电能质量在线监测<span style="color: black;">安装</span>采用了高性能多核平台和嵌入式操作系统，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>IEC61000-4-30《测试和<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>技术-电能质量<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>》中规定的各电能质量指标的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>，集谐波分析、波形采样、电压暂降/暂升/中断、闪变监测、电压不平衡度监测、事件记录、<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>等功能为一体。<span style="color: black;">安装</span>在电能质量指标参数<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的标准化和指标参数的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>精度以<span style="color: black;">即时</span>钟同步、事件标记功能等各个方面均达到了 IEC61000-4-30 A 级标准，能够满足 110kV 及以下供电系统电能质量监测的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防孤岛<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span>检测到并网点有逆功率、频率突变、 等<span style="color: black;">反常</span>数据时，即<span style="color: black;">出现</span>孤岛现象时，<span style="color: black;">安装</span>可<span style="color: black;">协同</span>断路器快速切除并网点，使本站与电网侧快速脱离，<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>电站和<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>人员的生命安全。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240820/0e1bb012466d48f3bfaaee55cc2fdf25.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240820/0460b2d052ab4ffa817e05ab9df7b16d.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结束语</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着我国光伏发电产业的快速发展，并网光 伏装机容量和数量的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>，致使电网电能质 量受到很大影响。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>并网光伏发电对电网电能质量的影响非常必要。本文分析了光伏发电的工作基本原理和结构特点，阐述了并网光伏发电中谐波、电压波动和闪变、直流注入、孤岛效应产生的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，提出了改善电能质量的可行性<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>光伏发电电能质量<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的借鉴<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛： http://www.fok120.com</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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顶楼主，说得太好了！
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