新科研发掘：打一针“癌症疫苗”，肿瘤害处降低65%！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>打疫苗？开什么玩笑？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">流感疫苗、乙肝疫苗<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>熟，什么时候肿瘤<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>打疫苗了？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">殊不知，“癌症疫苗”这个词<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有50<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的历史，第1项（<span style="color: black;">实验</span>号NCT00002454）肿瘤疫苗的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>开展于1971年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而中国在肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的探索<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>近20年，第 1 项临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（<span style="color: black;">实验</span>号 NCT00122681）开展于2004年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240313/5ffeab460d134db9bd60b06d41b91b3d.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提起肿瘤，常规的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能想到手术、化疗、放疗...而科技的发展让治愈肿瘤多了一种新<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经过几十年的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>发展得<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>？打一针癌症疫苗真的有用吗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">来看几个近期的例子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2023年美国临床肿瘤学会（ASCO）年会中，Moderna和默沙东（MSD）两家<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了一款癌症疫苗mRNA-4157的治疗结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在157位经手术切除高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>黑色素瘤（III/IV期）<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗中，癌症疫苗mRNA-4157与<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂Keytruda联合的辅助治疗相比单独<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Keytruda，其降低肿瘤产生远处转移或死亡的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>达65%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240313/eb141fcd83ad47108c869606c06565c4.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国FDA和欧洲<span style="color: black;">药物</span>管理局（EMA）分别授予mRNA-4157与Keytruda组合突破性疗法认定和PRIME资格，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>辅助疗法用于治疗完全切除后的高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，今年5月，《自然》杂志<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了癌症疫苗Autogene cevumeran（RG6180）与抗PD-L1抗体Atezolizumab和化疗联用治疗胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>临床结果。<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，这种治疗组合<span style="color: black;">明显</span>推迟接受手术切除的胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的复发时间，凸显了mRNA癌症疫苗的抗癌<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除此以外，Transgene和NEC<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>的TG4050<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>1期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>，适用于卵巢癌和HPV阴性头颈癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OSE Immunotherapeutics<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>的癌症疫苗Tedopi<span style="color: black;">处在</span>2期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>，适用于晚期非小细胞肺癌、胰腺导管腺癌和复发性卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用“如火如荼”形容癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>热度一点都<span style="color: black;">不外</span>分。一针癌症疫苗注入进去战斗力杠杠强，癌细胞溃不成军。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240313/84854b28067141209d9c556c4a9a9b13.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌症疫苗到底是什么？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以mRNA-4157癌症疫苗为例，它是一种<span style="color: black;">包括</span>最多34种新抗原的单一合成mRNA分子，会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤独特的DNA序列突变特征，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>算法设计后，将癌症疫苗注射入<span style="color: black;">身体</span>，刺激产生T细胞抗肿瘤反应，使得<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫细胞如T细胞能够像导弹<span style="color: black;">同样</span>自主<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>和<span style="color: black;">精细</span>攻击肿瘤细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就像是定制服务，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>肿瘤是什么特性，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>便设计出特定的疫苗，让<span style="color: black;">身体</span>免疫细胞产生特定反应，从而<span style="color: black;">精细</span>攻击，团灭！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提起疫苗，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>总联想到用于预防的流感疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>分为预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>，预防性肿瘤疫苗有的<span style="color: black;">已然</span>大规模投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，如人乳头瘤状病毒( HPV) 疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而像胰腺癌、黑色素瘤等<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是治疗性疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床应用方面，治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>手术、放化疗后的辅助治疗，以及<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>预防癌症的复发与转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，<span style="color: black;">海量</span>关于肿瘤疫苗单用或与其他生物疗法联用的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>正在如火如荼地开展。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">截止</span>2021年1月，<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中，<span style="color: black;">处在</span>0期的有37项，均与治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>；<span style="color: black;">处在</span>Ⅰ期的有588项，<span style="color: black;">处在</span>Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期或Ⅱ期的有877项，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>与治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，少部分与预防性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>；进入Ⅱ期 / Ⅲ期或Ⅲ期的有171项，超过50%与治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>；进入Ⅳ期的有35项，约90%与预防性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中，有77项与治疗性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，18项与预防性肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，均<span style="color: black;">处在</span>Ⅲ期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240313/53a899efe0724d299b4d613d3644a6b5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相信你<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了<span style="color: black;">各样</span>手段，并不是研制出了直接攻打癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">奥密</span>武器，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>所驱策的，依然是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫细胞，说一句“免疫细胞是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>身体的护卫军”一点都<span style="color: black;">不外</span>分。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，随着年龄的增长，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫细胞会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>衰老，数量和活性都会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>下降。自然而然，<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是试图利用它攻击癌细胞，或是抵御外界细菌病毒，战斗力都会大大下降。于是，<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有越来越多<span style="color: black;">注意</span>健康的家庭，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>将<span style="color: black;">青春</span>时期活性杠杠强的免疫细胞储存下来，在年迈时，相当于“战略<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>”，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为以后衰老的免疫细胞军团<span style="color: black;">供给</span>“后备军”！</p>参考资料：卢岩,范云满,杨潇逸等.<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤疫苗临床转化<span style="color: black;">状况</span>分析.中国药业,2021,30(22):10-15.5 Cancer Vaccines to Watch in 2024，Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.biospace.com/article/5-cancer-vaccines-to-watch-in-2024/<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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