219mze 发表于 2024-6-22 18:16:31

论著|根据亚洲恶病质工作组2023年标准诊断的胃肠恶性肿瘤恶病质病人术后临床结果分析


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">点击上方“中国实用外科杂志” <span style="color: black;">能够</span>订阅哦! </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通信作者:吴国豪教授</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">张知格<span style="color: black;">大夫</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【引用本文】张知格,严明月,奚秋磊,等. <span style="color: black;">按照</span>亚洲恶病质工作组2023年标准诊断的胃肠恶性肿瘤恶病质病人术后临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>分析. 中国实用外科杂志,2024,44(2):190-193,198.</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>亚洲恶病质工作组2023年标准诊断的</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">胃肠恶性肿瘤恶病质病人术后临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>分析</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">张知格,严明月,奚秋磊,谈善军,吴国豪</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国实用外科杂志,2024,44(2):190-193,198</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">摘要 </span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">目的</span></strong><span style="color: black;">分析亚洲恶病质工作组(AWGC)2023年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的恶病质新诊断标准(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>AWGC 2023标准)诊断的胃肠恶性肿瘤恶病质病人术后短期和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span> </strong>回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年1月在复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院因胃肠恶性肿瘤接受手术治疗的641例病人资料,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC 2023标准将病人分为恶病质组(125例)和非恶病质组(516例)。比较两组病人术前营养状态,以及术后短期和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>的差异。<strong style="color: blue;">结果 </strong>与非恶病质组比较,恶病质组病人术前营养不良<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>(P&lt;0.05),体重指数、骨骼肌指数、白蛋白以及前白蛋白<span style="color: black;">明显</span>降低(P&lt;0.05),C-反应蛋白、白介素-6(IL-6)<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>(P&lt;0.05),体重、握力、转铁蛋白差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05)。与非恶病质组比较,恶病质组病人术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>(25.6% vs. 16.9%,χ2=5.084,P=0.024),术后住院时间和30 d再入院率差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05)。<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,恶病质组病人<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发转移<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(65.6% vs. 78.7%,χ2=9.477,P=0.002)与总体<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(76.0% vs. 87.2%,χ2=9.929,P=0.002)均<span style="color: black;">小于</span>非恶病质组。<strong style="color: blue;">结论 </strong><span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC 2023标准诊断的胃肠恶性肿瘤恶病质病人术前营养状态差,术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>高,预后差。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.2373412);上海市“医苑新星”青年医学人才培养<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>计划项目(No.沪卫人事〔2022〕65号);复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院优秀青年人才计划项目(No.2021ZSYQ14);复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>专项基金项目(No.2020ZSLC17,No.2020ZSLC53)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者单位:复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院普通外科胃肠外科 上海市临床营养<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心,上海200032</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通信作者:吴国豪,E-mail:prowugh@163.com</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌性恶病质是一种与肿瘤发生发展密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现为骨骼肌丢失与功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,以胃肠恶性肿瘤病人尤为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>,对病人预后<span style="color: black;">导致</span>不良影响。<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断并<span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行营养治疗对恶病质病人至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>[1-2]。恶病质尚<span style="color: black;">没</span>统一诊断标准,既往多依据Fearon等[3]在2011年提出的恶病质诊断标准。然而近年来的临床实践<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>该诊断标准不完全适用于亚洲人群,且基于此标准诊断<span style="color: black;">有害</span>于<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>恶病质。2023年,亚洲恶病质工作组(Asian Working Group for Cachexia,AWGC)组织专家制定并<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>适合亚洲人群的恶病质诊断标准[4](以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>AWGC 2023标准)。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>回顾性临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,探讨和分析<span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC 2023标准诊断的胃肠恶性肿瘤病人术后短期和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>,以期进一步验证该标准的临床应用价值,为供临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>参考。</span></p>

    1 资料与<span style="color: black;">办法</span>


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.1 <span style="color: black;">通常</span>资料 本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年6月在复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院普通外科收治的胃恶性肿瘤和结直肠恶性肿瘤病人共641例临床资料。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)诊断为胃恶性肿瘤或结直肠恶性肿瘤;(3)择期手术。排除标准:(1)恶病质诊断标准中指标缺失致<span style="color: black;">没</span>法诊断<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在恶病质的病人;(2)急诊手术病人。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院伦理委员会<span style="color: black;">准许</span>(No.B2020-142)。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC 2023标准将病人分为恶病质组(125例)和非恶病质组(516例)。两组病人性别、年龄、原发<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05)(表1)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240304/e08c82f6d069450697a1801a27899e7e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.2 恶病质诊断标准 <span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC 2023标准[4]进行诊断。即病人符合以下3条标准<span style="color: black;">就可</span>诊断癌性恶病质:(1)存在诊断<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的胃肠恶性肿瘤;(2)3~6个月体重下降&gt;2%或体重指数(BMI)&lt;21 ;(3)满足以下任何1项:①主观症状:厌食;②客观检测:握力下降,男性<28 <span style="color: black;">公斤</span>,女性<18 <span style="color: black;">公斤</span>;③生化指标:C-反应蛋白(CRP)<span style="color: black;">上升</span>(>5 mg/L)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.3 观察指标 记录病人术前基本资料,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>原发<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、性别、年龄、身高、体重、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、骨骼肌指数(skeletal muscle index,SMI)、近3~6个月体重丢失<span style="color: black;">状况</span>、消化道症状、握力、营养状态,白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、CRP、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),以及术后短期和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>指标,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>术后住院时间、并发症、30 d再入院以及2年内的<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发转移<span style="color: black;">存活</span>和总体<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。营养不良及程度<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>营养领导人<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的营养不良(Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition,GLIM)诊断标准[5]进行诊断和严重程度分级。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.4 随访<span style="color: black;">办法</span> 自病人出院起,采用<span style="color: black;">tel</span>或门诊方式进行随访。病人出院后 90 d内每周进行 2 次随访,出院90 d后<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>月进行1次随访,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>并记录病人术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>、肿瘤转移、复发及死亡等临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>指标。随访时间<span style="color: black;">截止</span> 2023 年 1 月。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.5 统计学处理 应用 SPSS 26.0 统计软件进行分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以 均数±标准差<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以中位数(四分位间距)表示,组间比较采用非参数秩和检验。计数资料与等级资料以绝对数<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,组间比较采用卡方检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制<span style="color: black;">存活</span>曲线。P&lt;0.05 为差异有统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p>


    2 结果


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.1 术前<span style="color: black;">状况</span>比较 恶病质组有99例病人存在营养不良,其中中度营养不良和重度营养不良病人比例均高于非恶病质病人(P&lt;0.05)。恶病质组病人BMI、SMI、白蛋白、前白蛋白较非恶病质组病人低(P&lt;0.05),而CRP及IL-6较非恶病质组病人<span style="color: black;">上升</span>(P&lt;0.05)。与非恶病质组病人相比,恶病质组病人握力和转铁蛋白差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05)。详见表1。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.2 临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span> 641例病人均完成术后90 d随访,术后2年内共33例病人失访,随访率94.9%。恶病质组术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率高于非恶病质组(25.6% vs. 16.9%, P=0.024),术后住院时间及30 d再入院率差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05)。见表2。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240304/9d9cd11203d247dcad7aeef316a853a2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,恶病质组病人术后2年内<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发转移<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(65.6% vs. 78.7%)与总体生成率(76.0% vs 87.2%)均<span style="color: black;">小于</span>非恶病质组(P&lt;0.05)(见表2、图1)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240304/15ba1398fbc14c338be5cee41545abd7.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>


    3 讨论


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">胃肠恶性肿瘤病人恶病质<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率高,在确诊时多<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤消耗、消化道症状及全身炎症反应<span style="color: black;">显现</span>不同程度的机体消耗与营养不良症状,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>病人手术<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>、术后<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>减慢、生活质量下降以及<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>预后<span style="color: black;">不良</span>[6]。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌性恶病质并尽早进行营养治疗有助于病人快速<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>[7-8]。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国际缺乏公认统一的恶病质诊断标准,临床和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中多参考Fearon等[3]于2011年提出的恶病质诊断标准[9-10],然而该诊断标准<span style="color: black;">重点</span>基于西方人群,不完全适合亚洲人群。<span style="color: black;">创立</span>符合亚洲人群的恶病质诊断标准至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>[4,11]。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">AWGC2003标准是AWGC近期组织<span style="color: black;">关联</span>专家,基于亚洲人群的<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>和实践经验,从病人主观和客观症状及生物标记物等多<span style="color: black;">方向</span>、多指标出发,制定并<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的适合亚洲人群的恶病质诊断标准[4]。AWGC分析讨论亚洲病人恶病质<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>后一致认为,恶病质应被定义为与体重下降、炎症和(或)厌食症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的代谢失衡<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>[4,12]。体重丢失及低BMI被认为可反映骨骼肌丢失的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,亚洲人群<span style="color: black;">常常</span>体重丢失相对缓慢,且可能存在<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的体液潴留,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>AWGC专家组参考了既往<span style="color: black;">科研</span>并结合亚洲人群特点,制定了体重丢失的标准[13-15]。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>近年来<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>炎症反应与恶病质的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,CRP<span style="color: black;">做为</span>生物标记物在临床<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>应用,在工作实践中易于<span style="color: black;">得到</span>并能从<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上反映全身炎症程度[16-17]。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,AWGC<span style="color: black;">安身</span>于<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>及体重下降,对低BMI的界值进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>加入主观症状与CRP<span style="color: black;">做为</span>诊断标准之一,形成更适用于临床实践的亚洲恶病质诊断标准,以期促进亚洲病人的恶病质<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>回顾分析单中心的胃肠恶病质肿瘤手术病人的临床资料,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>AWGC2023标准将病人分为恶病质组与非恶病质组,分析两组病人的术前营养状态和术后短期、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>差异。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,基于AWGC2023标准的诊断,恶病质组病人营养不良<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率较非恶病质病人更高,且营养不良程度更严重。恶病质组病人术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率更高,术后<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发转移<span style="color: black;">存活</span>和总体<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>下降。病人的短期及<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>预后进行分析后<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,癌性恶病质组病人的术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,且并发症的严重程度分级较非恶病质组更严重,其中切口愈合并发症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率较对照组更高,与既往<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果相符[18-19]。这些<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果提示,AWGC2023标准<span style="color: black;">能够</span>较好地反映胃肠恶性肿瘤外科病人的营养状态,预测病人术后短期和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span>,这对临床<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断和治疗恶病质<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>尚存在部分缺陷。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是回顾性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,数据缺乏更具针对性的营养<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、躯体功能、生活质量等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>资料的分析。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>对病人的随访时长较短。其次,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>纳入的病种局限于胃肠恶性肿瘤手术病人,缺乏其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等恶病质高发群体及非手术病人的资料分析,对AWGC2023标准的验证较为局限。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>为单中心<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>对象<span style="color: black;">选取</span>可能存在偏移,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">广泛</span>性,尚需多中心<span style="color: black;">科研</span>加以验证。最后,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>为非<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,AWGC2023标准<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能<span style="color: black;">指点</span>临床治疗尚需高质量<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>加以验证。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,后续<span style="color: black;">必须</span>开展基于不同人群,不同病种的高质量的前瞻性、大样本、多中心<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>和非<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,进一步验证AWGC恶病质诊断标准的临床应用价值。</span></p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(在框内滑动手指<span style="color: black;">就可</span>浏览)</span></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(2023-12-08收稿 2024-01-11修回)</span></p>
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星☆雨 发表于 2024-8-31 21:16:05

你说得对,我们一起加油,未来可期。

l14107cb 发表于 2024-9-9 12:18:14

系统提示我验证码错误1500次 \~゛,

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-28 12:15:53

我完全同意你的看法,期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-11-12 20:20:16

对于这个问题,我有不同的看法...
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