破解“七选五”的黄金法则——一致性原则-外链论坛

b1gc8v 发表于 2024-10-3 15:08:56

破解“七选五”的黄金法则——一致性原则

<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/VFibZzsRtSAPKAcQajWTibr8pibOY31ysN2aoZe9JyazBQIVMHpbCg4NB9IGeXmsZNNrTmxBq0ZdKUpBAicTgTJdDA/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VFibZzsRtSAP9363VU6JXBIG1FdkLSc4duovvwXCU0m18LpPFmpNgiakHRiaDYibIuhiaD4TnUr6dOiaxwA1yGS0xUgQ/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
河南省新密市实验高级中学张根生
此文引用福建寿宁一中姜秀云老师原创微课，“七选五”又叫作为阅读填句或补全短文，该题型是在一篇约300词上下的短文中抽出五个句子，留出五个空白，需求学生从所给的七个选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
“七选五”考查学生对短文的整身体容和结构以及上下文规律道理的理解和把握，表现了《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》中“重点考查学生理解语篇上下文规律关系的能力”。
“七选五”体裁多为指点性或描述性说明文，有时亦会显现夹叙夹议类文案或议论文。题材贴近学生生活，引导学生思考人与自我、人与社会和人与自然的关系，表现高考的思想性原则和落实立德树人基本任务。
“七选五”题按设空位置可分为：小标题、段首句、段中句和段尾句。
按所填句子的功能可分为：主题句、过渡句和细节句。
主题句考查学生对段落大意的概括能力，一般经过段落小标题或段首句、段尾句的形式来考查。
过渡性句子考查学生对文案结构的梳理能力，考查前后段之间、前后句之间的衔接，因此呢，这类题目能够是非首段的段首句、非尾段的段尾句或段中句。
细节句考查学生对文案上下文规律关系的理解能力。七选五试题一般以考查细节句为主，但通常要有最少一个主题句或过渡句的考查。
维克多英语
1、句式一致原则
有标题文本的小标题的句式一般是一致的，多用祈使句或名词短语，能够从前后段落的小标题的句式来确定设空处的正确选项。
无段落小标题的段首句亦可采用句式一致的原则，从前后段落的首句句式来判断。有时候段中句亦可用上下句句式结构一致的原则找出正确选项。
链接高考1
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷节选
维克多英语
…
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person.   37   Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
…
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
[解题思路]
37. D。考查句式一致。按照本空下一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...? 可知本空和它是并列关系，后面是通常疑问句，本空亦应该是通常疑问句式。Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?（你是想要在你最爱好的运动中作为一名更好的运动员吗？或你只是想要身体健康，能够有力量和灵活地移动？）。故选D。
链接高考2
2022年1月浙江卷节选
维克多英语
…
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.   33   Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
     34  
You would think learning, takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
…
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
[解题思路]
33. C。考查段中句的上下句句式一致及指代一致。上文说“许多人把控欠好花在伴侣、家庭、工作和娱乐等方面的时间”，而本空后连续用了三个祈使句来说明“找到同期享受这些时间的办法，围绕工作环境中的人创立你的社交生活，在机构里找到和你兴趣相同的人并围绕你爱好的人和活动发展你的事业。”按照上下句句式一致的原则，此处应用祈使句。按照C项中名词“time”与空前句子中的“time”一致，以及C项中代词“them”与空后句子中的“them”均指代前面的“friends, family, work, play, etc.”可知，C项（不要试图在她们之间平衡时间）符合语境。故选C。
34. B。考查小标题句式一致。按照上下文其它小标题句式结构可知，此处用祈使句，再结合本段谈论的主题——“学习的必要性”，可确定此处作者意见“做积极的学习者”。故选B。维克多英语2、指代一致原则
句子中的代词会和上下句的名词形成一致的指代关系，能够按照空白处前后句的名词或代词来知道指代关系，确定正确选项。
链接高考
2022年全国甲卷节选
维克多英语
…
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.    37   .
…
Making Requests
  39  . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
[解题思路]
37.F。考查指代的一致性。按照本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段重点讲述的是运用筷子的规则。按照上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃东西的间隙把它们放下来的时候，必定要把它们放在一块，这般它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处讲述了正确运用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们竖着插在食品上，亦不要在运用它们时交叉安置)”讲述的亦是运用筷子时的重视事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”和上句中的them都指的是代段首句的“chopsticks”。故选F。
39.G。考查指代的一致性。按照本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，段首句要讲的是用餐时提请求的问题。G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”与段落小标题是关键词的复现，按照下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，由于这向厨师显示你不爱好他们的调味技巧。一样，留意大利，永远不要需求在食品中添加额外的奶酪。)”可推知，在有些国家，用餐时提出需求是很无礼的。下文中的this和it都是代指G项中的to ask for salt and pepper at a meal。故选G。
维克多英语
3、道理一致原则
有时候，作者为了使行文规律恰当，保持上下文道理一致，会复现上文说到的内容，上下文就会显现原词、同义词、同根词、反义词等，运用道理一致原则能够容易找到答案。
链接高考1
2022年全国甲卷节选
维克多英语
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.   36    . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
...
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
[解题思路]
36.D。考查道理一致。按照文案标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out（外出就餐时要晓得的重要事情）”可知，本文重点介绍的是外出就餐时应该晓得的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant（不要被人发掘你在餐厅就餐时犯了尴尬的错误）”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”和标题中的“When Dining Out”是同一个意思，同期导致下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.（晓得有些技巧将有助于保证你和伴侣或家人一块享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地区）”。故选D。
链接高考2
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷节选
维克多英语
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “   36   ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
...
You and your partner will probably have different skills.   40   Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
[解题思路]
36. C。考查道理一致。按照本空下一句“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙）competition.（倘若有一个健身的伙伴，你会增多你的训练量，由于这其中有微妙的竞争。）”可知，C项“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.（倘若你和别人一块训练，你会更奋斗。）”符合语境。故选C。
40. F。考查道理一致。按照本空上一句“You and your partner will probably have different skills. （你和你的健身伙伴亦许有区别的技能。）”可知，F项“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.（接受你们的区别，学会彼此合作，求同存异。）”符合语境。F项中的differences和上一句中的different是同根词。故选F。维克多英语4、规律一致原则
“七选五”重点考查学生对上下文规律道理的理解和把握，而行文规律一般经过规律标志词来暗示。
譬如：
暗示并列关系的and，not only … but also …，similarly；
暗示选取关系的or；
暗示因果关系的because，as，since，for，so，therefore，as a result，consequently；
暗示转折关系的but，however，yet，instead，rather，on the contrary，nevertheless；
暗示对比关系的while，in contrast，by comparison；
暗示让步关系的while，though，although；
暗示递进关系的what’s more，even，too，more over，more than that，besides；
暗示顺承关系的firstly，secondly，then，afterwards，finally；
暗示例证关系的for example，namely，that is to say；
暗示总结的in short，in a word，in brief，in summary，to sum up，to conclude，in conclusion， in general，generally speaking等。<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/VFibZzsRtSAPq99lpeITFicmzj0bicia8wXHhicjUuAh4ibMI2EopVCwfPb9dzHgcHpzEmwRlS9icy6vHwibCxNGsl3pxw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
链接高考1
2022年全国甲卷节选
维克多英语
…
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.   38   , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
…
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
[解题思路]
38. C。考查规律一致。按照本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段重点讲述的是手和餐具的问题。按照上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.（在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具。）”，以及本空后“instead preferring to use their hands（相反更愿意运用她们的双手）可知，此处在讲述区别国家就餐时习惯运用手还是餐具的问题。因此呢，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils（墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的）”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
链接高考2
2022年全国乙卷节选
维克多英语
...
·Don’t rely on technology alone
  40  , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
[解题思路]
40.F。考查规律一致。设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.（然则异地友谊——乃至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）”讲的是咱们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊。其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media（伴侣之间很容易经过社交媒介产生一种联结感）”讲的是能够经过社交媒介这种方式与伴侣产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，况且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone（不要仅仅依赖技术）”中的“technology”。故选F 项。维克多英语5、语义场一致原则
语义场是借用理学学中的“场”的概念而来，它指的是若干个拥有一起核心义素又有自己独立道理的一群词的聚合体。
语义场有区别的层次，同一个语义场中单词相互联系，相互弥补，词义有必定的交叉性。
有些词表率的范围大，有些词表率的范围小，它们就存在上下义关系，表率的范围大的词叫上义词，表率的范围小的词叫下义词。有时候能够按照语义场一致的原则来锁定答案。
链接高考1
2022年全国乙卷节选
维克多英语
…
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.  37  . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
…
·   39    
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
...
A.Remember important dates
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
[解题思路]
37.E。考查语义场一致。上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.（保证你已然与你的伴侣沟经过，认识你们彼此期盼联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）”说到异地伴侣之间要商量沟通方式，E项“Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication（伴侣需要沟通交流的方式）”说到了沟通交流方式。下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他方式，例如发语音或组建群聊。）”中的written communication，leaving voice messages和having a group chat都是E项中上义词methods的详细表现。故选E项。
39. A。考查语义场一致。设空处的内容是该段的小标题。段首句“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.（周年纪念日和生日针对异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）”讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子针对维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的办法是A项“Remember important dates（记得重要的日子）”。本段首句中的anniversaries和birthdays是对A项中上义词important dates的举例说明。故选A项。
链接高考2
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷节选
维克多英语
...
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.    39    
...
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
[解题思路]
39. G。考查语义场一致。段尾常常是总结。上文“Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. （她的重视事项包含：锻炼的类别、1星期熬炼多少天、一次熬炼几个小时和自己的年龄。还包含她最爱好的运动和活动，并供给tel号码。）”都属于个人信息。本空做为段尾句，进行总结，以自己的健身伙伴为例，说明寻找健身伙伴发布告所要包含的信息。故选G。维克多英语6、主从句一致原则
有些题目会考查含状语从句的复合句中的主句或从句，倘若设空在前，则空格后部分以小写字母开头，倘若设空在后，则选项部分以小写字母开头。找到备选项中不可独立成句的选项，再按照主从句一致的原则来敲定答案。
时间状语从句平常的引导词有：as，while，when，whenever，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as等。
地点状语从句平常的引导有：where，wherever等。
原由状语从句平常的引导词有：because，as，since，now that等。
目的状语从句平常的引导词有：in order that，so that，for fear that，in case等。
要求状语从句平常的引导词有：if，unless，once，as/so long as，on condition that，providing/provided that等。
让步状语从句平常的引导词有：though，although，even if/though，no matter+疑问词, whether … or …等。
方式状语从句平常的引导词有：as，as if/though等。
比较状语从句平常的引导词有：as，than等。
链接高考1
2022年全国甲卷节选
维克多英语
…
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.   40   , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
[解题思路]
40. B。考查主从句一致。按照下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指“在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗”，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，句子前半部分相当于要求状语从句，后半部分相当于主句。B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待得时间越长)”符合语境，引出下文，并且下文中its代指B项中的country。故选B。
链接高考2
2018年全国Ⅰ卷节选
维克多英语
...
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.   37   , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
...
A.While all of them are useful
B.Whatever you are looking for
C.If you are experimenting with a color
[解题思路]
37. A。考查主从句一致。虽然A、B、C三个备选项都是状语从句，但按照主句的意思“它们会有有些繁杂”可知，此处所填内容应该是“虽然它们特别有用”，A选项中的them和主句中的they都指的是代上文的techniques。故选A。维克多英语7、问答一致原则
“七选五”的选项或文案中会触及到疑问句，能够按照下句的答语确定上句的问句，亦能够按照上句的疑问句的种类来确定下句的答语。
链接高考
2019年高考全国Ⅰ卷节选
维克多英语
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”    36   According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good
.… 
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
[解题思路]
36. E。考查问答一致。按照下句“按照近期的科研，答案是一个大大的YES”可知，设空处是通常疑问句，而七个备选项中仅有E项是通常疑问句（然则鲜嫩空气真的像你妈妈常说的那样对你有好处吗？）。故选E。维克多英语8、时态一致原则
有些文本中，主体时态是通常此刻时，中间会显现过去某个时间出现的事情，空格处所填句子用什么时态，要结合语境，判断动作出现的时间，句子的时态与时间保持一致。
链接高考
2020年全国Ⅲ卷节选
维克多英语
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.    40   Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
[解题思路]
40. G。考查时态一致。上文介绍了乔迁聚会名叫作的由来，按照“bring firewood to a new home as a gift” 可知很久以前人们会带柴火做为礼物，那样本空承接上文说明了当时人们带柴火的目的和功效。仅有G项“This was so that the person could keep their home warmfor the winter.（这般人们就能够在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。）”符合语境，且时态一致。故选G。
你学会了吗？<img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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nykek5i 发表于 2024-10-7 05:02:29

你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，非常感谢。

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-7 18:57:33

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qzmjef 发表于 4 小时前

你的见解真是独到，让我受益匪浅。

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