lbk60ox 发表于 2024-10-3 08:50:58

地球微生物组计划介绍(EMP)


    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Introduction</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">The Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) 是一个旨在描述和解释地球上微生物多样性的国际性科学计划。这个项目的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对地球<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境中的微生物群落进行大规模的DNA测序和元数据采集,构建一个<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>微生物群落的参考数据库,以更好地理解和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>微生物的生态学、功能和进化。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>:</strong>&nbsp;EMP 的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是收集世界各地<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境的微生物数据,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>土壤、水体、空气、植被、动物等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">DNA测序:</strong>&nbsp;项目<span style="color: black;">运用</span>高通量的DNA测序技术,基本都是16S rRNA基因测序,以<span style="color: black;">科研</span>微生物的遗传信息。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">元数据采集:</strong>除了DNA数据,项目还关注采集样本的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>元数据,如环境<span style="color: black;">要求</span>、地理位置、季节等,以更好地理解微生物与环境之间的关系。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">开放数据:</strong>&nbsp;EMP 采用开放科学的理念,旨在使其数据对<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>社群开放,以促进更广泛的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和合作。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">生态学和生物多样性:</strong>&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>微生物群落,该项目有助于揭示地球各个生态系统中微生物的生态学角色,并<span style="color: black;">促进</span>对生物多样性的更深入理解。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">技术和计算工具的发展:</strong>&nbsp;除了数据的收集,该项目还致力于发展新的技术和计算工具,以更好地处理和分析大规模的微生物组学数据。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EMP 的工作<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>理解地球上微生物的分布、演变和功能,以及它们与生态系统健康的关系都<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">官方网址:https://earthmicrobiome.org/</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">首发成果</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原文链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24621 (<span style="color: black;">Nature</span>&nbsp;2017 (<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span></span>))</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>介绍了微生物世界的重要性和多样性与对其基本结构的有限理解之间的对比。尽管<span style="color: black;">近期</span>DNA测序技术取得了重大<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,但缺乏标准化的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>和<span style="color: black;">一起</span>的分析框架阻碍了<span style="color: black;">科研</span>之间的比较,从而妨碍了对地球微生物生命的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>推断的发展。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对地球微生物计划中收集的微生物群落样本进行荟萃分析。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>协调的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>和新的分析<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>精确序列而不是聚类的操作<span style="color: black;">归类</span>单元</strong>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够跨多个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>跟踪细菌和古菌核糖体RNA基因序列,并探索前所未有的规模下的多样性模式。结果是一个<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>背景的参考数据库,为将来的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据<span style="color: black;">供给</span>框架,并促进对地球微生物多样性的越来越完整的描述。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span>与结果</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.样品收集</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EMP向<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>科学界征集环境样本和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>数据,跨越<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的环境,空间、时间和<span style="color: black;">理学</span>化学变量。 来自97个独立<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的27751个样本<span style="color: black;">表率</span>了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的环境类型(图a)、地理位置(图b)。所有样品进行了DNA提取和16S rRNA测序,并对细菌和古菌部分进行了分析。<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG5UUSgIaLf2iarpBhBEr6G3a4icWbBNYtXxRIFibBOSY5NguPNRia4oez0UQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.DNA提取,PCR扩增,测序和序列预处理</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">运用</span> MO BIO PowerSoil DNA 提取试剂盒进行 DNA 提取。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;采用 16S rRNA V4 区域的引物对(515F-806R)进行 PCR 扩增。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;序列测定<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span> Illumina HiSeq 或 MiSeq 测序平台。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;利用 QIIME 1.9.1 脚本 split_libraries_fastq.py 对测序得到的数据进行拆分,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>默认参数进行质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,并生成 FASTA 序列文件。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.序列标记、OTU筛选以及群落分析<span style="color: black;">办法</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到与植物<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的样本和无宿主影响的样本中有三分之一以上的序列<span style="color: black;">不可</span>与现有的 rRNA 数据库匹配,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>采用了一种无需参考序列的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,即<strong style="color: blue;">Deblur</strong>。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>去除错误的序列并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>单核酸精度上的子操作单元(sOTU,sub-OTU),在<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“标记序列”(tag sequence)。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span> EMP 计划中的测序长度为90bp,为了进行跨时期的序列结果比较,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>将所有序列都截断至90bp,相应的结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>了90bp、100bp 和150bp 等<span style="color: black;">区别</span>长度对<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果的影响不大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在与参考数据库(Greengenes 13.8 和 Silva 128)的全长序列进行比对时,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了 VSEARCH 工具进行全局比对,并<span style="color: black;">需求</span>100%的<span style="color: black;">类似</span>性(类似<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>常用的ASV)。 <span style="color: black;">针对</span>90bp 的 Deblur 结果,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>样本随机抽取了5000个观测到的序列,用于分析微生物群落的 alpha 多样性(observed_otus、shannon、chao1、faith_pd)和 beta 多样性(基于 UniFrac 距离矩阵,进行 PCoA 分析)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>16S rRNA 基因拷贝数的计算,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了基于 PICRUSt 1.1.0 的命令行脚本“normalize_by_copy_number.py”,将<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>OTU的丰度除以相应推测出的16S rRNA基因的拷贝数。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对 Deblur 90 bp 结果中的2000个样本,采用随机森林<span style="color: black;">归类</span>树的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行样本<span style="color: black;">归类</span>分析,将<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境下的样本划分至相应的环境标签中。在这一<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了 R 语言下的 caret 和 randomForest 包。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了确定 tag sequence 在多个环境样本中的分布程度,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> SourceTracker 分析。在进行分析之前,对<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>样本的序列总数进行了稀释至1000。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.&nbsp;多样性模式与环境的关系</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>微生物环境的结构化<span style="color: black;">归类</span>变量 EMPO,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>分析了 EMP 目录中的多样性,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>观察到的标签序列数量(α多样性)、类群周转和嵌套性(β多样性)以及预测的基因组特性(生态策略)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宿主<span style="color: black;">相关</span>是区分微生物群落的基本环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,而盐水群落和非盐水群落之间存在<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>差异。环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>对α和β多样性的影响<span style="color: black;">显示</span>环境类型和宿主物种对多样性贡献<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">监督<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>仅<span style="color: black;">按照</span>群落<span style="color: black;">构成</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span>将样本准确区分为动物<span style="color: black;">关联</span>、植物<span style="color: black;">关联</span>、含盐自由生活或非含盐自由生活,而对环境进行更<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>的准确度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相对较高。源<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>分析支持对环境类型的高度<span style="color: black;">归类</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,16S rRNA 基因的预测平均群落拷贝数 (ACN) 是区分宿主<span style="color: black;">关联</span>群落和自由生活群落中微生物群落的另一个指标。这个指标反映了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境之间的生态策略差异,尤其在动物宿主中与较高的全基因组 rRNA <span style="color: black;">操作</span>子拷贝数<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG54wQrBbG7Bk8EfRibRbmYsZGGUDNiaEWCc6u28sibbPVqs2c3YwicGs4mgA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.用更为精确的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>单元代替OTU。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">准确序列使<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够以比传统OTU更精细的分辨率观察和分析微生物分布模式。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>Shannon熵分析标签序列和更高的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>群,以<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>类群分布中的偏差,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>类群在<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境中的分布模式。标签序列在环境中表现出很高的特异性,而更高的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>水平则在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境中分布更均匀。熵的分布<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了这一模式的<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>性。<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>熵<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>随着系统<span style="color: black;">生长</span>距离的变化而变化,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更准确地衡量类群对环境的特异性。结果表明,个体16S rRNA序列最好地<span style="color: black;">捉捕</span>了环境特异性,远<span style="color: black;">小于</span>定义微生物物种的典型阈值(16S rRNA基因的97%同一性)。EMP数据集<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>跟踪地球微生物群落中个体序列的能力。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>EMP的<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性子集,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员生<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>序列计数和分布表,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境(EMPO)和沿环境梯度(pH、温度、盐度和氧气)中的分布。从中生成的’EMP交易卡’可促进对数据集的探索,并<span style="color: black;">明显</span>了三个<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>或与环境<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的标签序列的分布模式。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EMP目录<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Redbiom软件<span style="color: black;">查找</span>,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>命令行和Web界面,以<span style="color: black;">按照</span>序列、<span style="color: black;">归类</span>或样本元数据<span style="color: black;">查询</span>样本,并导出所选样本数据和元数据。EMP协议生成的用户数据<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">容易</span>整合到该框架中。<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,针对相同基因组区域的<span style="color: black;">区别</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>测序的数据集的组合可能是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接受的,但需要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>学偏差。EMP目录的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>增长预计将在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和工业中发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,标签序列将用作环境指标,并<span style="color: black;">表率</span>培养、基因组测序和实验室<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,尽管这些工具和<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是为细菌和古细菌<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的,但<span style="color: black;">能够</span>扩展到生命的所有<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。为了<span style="color: black;">增多</span>EMP和类似项目的效用,我们必须<span style="color: black;">持续</span>改进元数据收集和整理、本体论、对多组学数据的支持以及对计算资源的<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">微生物生态<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>需要OTU聚类,而是一个更为精确的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>单元。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一来,序列的特异性更高,环境<span style="color: black;">归类</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>更细,使<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够在更精确的分辨率下观察和分析微生物分布模式。在该<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中,作者以shannon熵值为标准,分别对tag sequence和较高的物种<span style="color: black;">归类</span>在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境中的分布进行分析。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出,新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中的标记序列对环境<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较高的特异性,分布偏向于一个或几个环境(低Shannon熵);相比之下,更高的物种<span style="color: black;">归类</span>学水平<span style="color: black;">常常</span>更均匀地分布在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的环境(高Shannon熵,低特异性)(图a)。<span style="color: black;">区别</span>物种<span style="color: black;">归类</span>级别上的所有标记序列的熵的分布<span style="color: black;">亦</span>证实了这一观点(图b) 。为了精确衡量<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>单元对环境的差异,作者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>探究了熵随着生态系统距离的变化而变化的模式(图c)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG57IL3hgBj886hGIA9mgibGVvxOkgib7sblcLMfxiblob304L1p82D9SKcA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的16S rRNA测序分析用的<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的是ASV (amplicon sequence variant) (<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2</span></span>),符合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>准确序列这一倡议,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>参考 https://www.jianshu.com/p/f31581bbfb80。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结论:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EMP框架和<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>综合分析的价值超出了各个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的贡献。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>数据<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是为了回答<span style="color: black;">区别</span>问题而收集的,而不是针对一个主题的元分析,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>结论应该<span style="color: black;">小心</span>对待,并<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">将来</span>假设导向<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的起点。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,有必要更均匀地覆盖地理和化学梯度,并<span style="color: black;">运用</span>更全面的元数据收集和整理工具来跟踪环境变化。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,未在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>的生物<span style="color: black;">原因</span>(例如动物、真菌、植物、病毒和真核微生物)在确定群落结构方面起着重要<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。这个可扩展的框架<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用来<span style="color: black;">处理</span>这些<span style="color: black;">需要</span>:填补生理化学空间中的空白、为微生物真核生物和病毒<span style="color: black;">供给</span>扩增子数据,以及进行全基因组和全代谢组分析。在当前学术和环境学家都<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到生物多样性和生态系统功能的重要性时,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>框架<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>肯定会有基于鸟枪法测序和质谱的EMP(Earth Metagenome Project, Earth Metabolome Project),哈哈。</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">衍生成果</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基于EMP<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的protocol与软件进行独立<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>基于EMP数据进行荟萃分析的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>近些年有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>介绍几篇<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.&nbsp;A macroecological theory of microbial biodiversity (<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3</span></span>)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">微生物是地球上最丰富、多样且功能重要的生物。在过去的十年中,微生物生态学家们产生了有史<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>最大的群落数据集。然而,这些数据很少被用来揭示<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>性和稀有性的类似定律的模式,检验生物多样性理论,<span style="color: black;">或</span>探索微生物群落结构的统一解释。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对来自环境和宿主<span style="color: black;">关联</span>生态系统的&gt;20,000个样本的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围汇编,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>测试了竞争理论预测微生物丰度和多样性-丰度缩放规律的能力。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,这些模式最好由随机过程的协同<span style="color: black;">功效</span>来解释,这些过程由对数正态动态所捕捉。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>证明对数正态动态在丰度的各个尺度上都<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>预测能力,这是生物多样性理论所必需的。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>理解生态过程的乘性和随机性质,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>地球上最大且最多样化的生态系统的结构和动态。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG5aplAJEoF0IMZwGabjo3aIu5chm41EaJ3ObaXxibRCIpEicHoEmbtU2Qg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.&nbsp;Standardized multi-omics of Earth’s microbiomes reveals microbial and metabolite diversity (<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4</span></span>)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>缺乏标准化<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内比较<span style="color: black;">区别</span>栖息地类型对微生物群落结构和功能的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>面临重大挑战。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>对地球微生物组项目收集的880个微生物群落样本进行了多组学分析,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>16S、18S和ITS扩增子数据、鸟枪测序数据,以及基于液相和气相色谱-质谱的非靶向代谢组数据。采用标准化的协议和数据处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>描述微生物群落,重点关注微生物<span style="color: black;">关联</span>代谢物和微生物类群在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>环境中的关系和共现性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了宏基因组和代谢组学数据的参考数据库,并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了整合其他<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的框架,为跨越尺度探索多样性<span style="color: black;">供给</span>支持。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>验证“每种微生物和代谢物无处不在,但受到环境<span style="color: black;">选取</span>”的假设,证明了数据库的实用性。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>代谢物的多样性与微生物群落和环境<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,并揭示了与特定栖息地<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的微生物群共存方式。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,某些化学物质(如萜类化合物)在区分<span style="color: black;">区别</span>地球环境方面表现出色,为微生物和化学生态学<span style="color: black;">供给</span>深入见解,为宿主和环境的多组学微生物组<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">基本</span>和<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG5pDM7pmV0Lp8dibPjezhKkicZe1yTArRO1w8850eS2cd93Rr1pHpdnrMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.&nbsp;Earth microbial co-occurrence network reveals interconnection pattern across microbiomes (<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5</span></span>)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">背景:微生物相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>塑造了微生物群落的结构和功能;在特定环境中,微生物共存网络已被广泛构建以探索这些<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>系统,但它们在全球范围内跨<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境中的互联模式仍未被探索。在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>从地球微生物组项目数据集的23,595个样本和12,646个精确序列变体中推断了一个微生物共存网络。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果:这个非随机的无标度地球微生物共存网络<span style="color: black;">包含</span>8个<span style="color: black;">归类</span>学上<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的模块,与<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的环境相连接,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特定环境的微生物共存关系。从修剪成统一<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的数据集中推断出的亚网络的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>拓扑特征<span style="color: black;">显示</span>在<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境的微生物群落中存在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的共存模式。<span style="color: black;">海量</span>专业边的存在突显了环境特异性共存关系是微生物群落中的重要特征。<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境的微生物群落被聚类成两组,这两组<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由植物和动物表面的微生物群落连接。在大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>亚网络中,酸杆菌Gp2和Nisaea被识别为中心枢纽。负边的比例范围从土壤亚网络的1.9%到非盐性表面亚网络的48.9%,<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境经历了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>强度的竞争或生态位分化。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结论:这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>突显了<span style="color: black;">各样</span>环境中微生物群落之间的互联模式,并强调了从网络视角理解微生物群落的共存特征的重要性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG5zpXQEapACEUNH6QbS68hUyflic2wPbicRW8XjectMicVGo2eNJ0gVgqdg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span></h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>应该找到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的数据:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EMP 观测表、元数据以及其他数据和结果可从 Nature 论文的 Zenodo 存档 (https://zenodo.org/record/890000)、FTP 站点 (ftp://ftp.microbio.me/emp/release1)和 Qiita EMP 门户(https://qiita.ucsd.edu/emp/)获取。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">FTP 站点上的内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;描述存储库的自述文件</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;描述映射文件和数据集子集的 Markdown 文件</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">选取</span>最适合您分析的 BIOM 表的流程图</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;EMP 样本类型本体 (EMPO) 文本文件</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;映射文件</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;OTU 观测表</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;OTU信息:序列和树</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;OTU分布表</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;结果:α 和β 多样性</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>最适合您分析的 BIOM 表的流程图:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uibRxcF6THmY2BXYVcgCPgTiaz998a1JG5De1ME7KAhIGmquNw5yUibm53lUgkAmKSZ7kmeiagSFaYDWzkT5BrAic6Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">emp_studies.csv记录了所有97个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的信息,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,原始数据在EBI的编号,样本数量等等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>在寻找原始数据的时候<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>The soil microbiome influences grapevine-associated microbiota这个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的数据找不到了(ERP006348),值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">metadata</h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">metadata<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>emp_qiime_mapping_release1_20170912.tsv文件,其中标准化地记录了27751的样本非常多的信息,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的时候关键是这些列:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;#SampleID&nbsp;– unique identifier for sample</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Ontology</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;env_biome&nbsp;– ENVO biome</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;env_feature&nbsp;– ENVO feature</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;env_material&nbsp;– ENVO material</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_0&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 0</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_1&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 1</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_2&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 2</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_3&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 3</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_4&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 4</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;envo_biome_5&nbsp;– ENVO biome level 5</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;empo_0&nbsp;– EMPO level 0</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;empo_1&nbsp;– EMPO level 1</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;empo_2&nbsp;– EMPO level 2</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;empo_3&nbsp;– EMPO level 3</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>要结合地理和环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>分析,就加上这些列:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Geography</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;collection_timestamp&nbsp;– date and time sample was collected</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;country&nbsp;– country where sample was collected</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;latitude_deg&nbsp;– latitude where sample was collected</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;longitude_deg&nbsp;– longitude where sample was collected</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;depth_m&nbsp;– depth in meters where sample was collected (blank if altitude is given)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;altitude_m&nbsp;– altitude in meters where sample was collected (blank if depth is given)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;elevation_m&nbsp;– elevation in meters where sample was collected</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Environment</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;temperature_deg_c&nbsp;– temperature of sample in degrees Celsius</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;ph&nbsp;– pH of sample</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;salinity_psu&nbsp;– salinity of sample in practical salinity units</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;oxygen_mg_per_l&nbsp;– oxygen concentration of sample in mg/L</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;phosphate_umol_per_l&nbsp;– phosphate concentration of sample in umol/L</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;ammonium_umol_per_l&nbsp;– ammonium concentration of sample in umol/L</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;nitrate_umol_per_l&nbsp;– nitrate concentration of sample in umol/L</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">•&nbsp;sulfate_umol_per_l&nbsp;– sulfate concentration of sample in umol/L</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">metadata记录的#sampleID应该是人工整理的结果,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>从原始数据分析会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的样本名是EBI数据库里的编号如ERR1591463,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要用上metadata的话就要找到ERR编号和metadata中的#sampleID的对应关系。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要在EBI数据库中找到<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的project,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>看read files里的信息,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>Run Accession和Sample Title对应的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>ERR编号和#sampleID。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>Sample Title有问题的话,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>Run Alias中会<span style="color: black;">包括</span>#sampleID,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有些需要自己手动map一下。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其他就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>16S的分析流程进一步看了。</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">References</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.&nbsp;L. R. Thompson, J. G. Sanders, D. McDonald, A. Amir,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">et al.</span>,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity</span>.&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Nature</span>.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">551</strong>, 457–463 (2017).</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.&nbsp;B. J. Callahan, P. J. McMurdie, S. P. Holmes,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Exact sequence variants should replace operational taxonomic units in marker-gene data analysis</span>.&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">The ISME Journal</span>.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">11</strong>, 2639–2643 (2017).</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.&nbsp;W. R. Shoemaker, K. J. Locey, J. T. Lennon,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">A macroecological theory of microbial biodiversity</span>.&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution</span>.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">1</strong>, 1–6 (2017).</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.&nbsp;J. P. Shaffer, L.-F. Nothias, L. R. Thompson, J. G. Sanders,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">et al.</span>,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Standardized multi-omics of Earth’s microbiomes reveals microbial and metabolite diversity</span>.&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Nature Microbiology</span>.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">7</strong>, 2128–2150 (2022).</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.&nbsp;B. Ma, Y. Wang, S. Ye, S. Liu,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">et al.</span>,&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Earth microbial co-occurrence network reveals interconnection pattern across microbiomes</span>.&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Microbiome</span>.&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">8</strong>, 82 (2020).</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">关注公众号,获取最新推送<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关注公众号 biollbug,获取最新推送。</p>引用链接<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">1</span>
    </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">:&nbsp;#ref-thompsonCommunalCatalogueReveals2017</p>&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">2</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">:&nbsp;#ref-callahanExactSequenceVariants2017</p>&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">3</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">:&nbsp;#ref-shoemakerMacroecologicalTheoryMicrobial2017</p>&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">4</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">:&nbsp;#ref-shafferStandardizedMultiomicsEarth2022</p>&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">5</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">:&nbsp;#ref-maEarthMicrobialCooccurrence2020</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24621</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;Exact sequence variants should replace operational taxonomic units in marker-gene data analysis:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.119</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;A macroecological theory of microbial biodiversity:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0107</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;Standardized multi-omics of Earth’s microbiomes reveals microbial and metabolite diversity:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01266-x</p>&nbsp;Earth microbial co-occurrence network reveals interconnection pattern across microbiomes:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00857-2




m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-17 11:13:39

外链发布论坛学习网络优化SEO。

b1gc8v 发表于 2024-11-2 11:38:23

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qzmjef 发表于 2024-11-5 09:00:30

论坛的成果是显著的,但我们不能因为成绩而沾沾自喜。
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