体检时不晓得查什么?这份女性癌症筛查名单,赶紧保藏!
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当代的精致女性们,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>美容、护肤和身材管理可谓了如指掌。然而,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>身体健康,尤其是在癌症早筛和健康体检方面,却存在许多认知盲区,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>常常感到困惑:癌症早筛种类繁多,该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>更有针对性?体检项目五花八门,该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>取舍<span style="color: black;">才可</span>达到最佳效果?别担心,海南小鹏健康互联网医院的专家将为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>指点迷津,并整理了一份癌症早筛项目的<span style="color: black;">名单</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>吧!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240223/484684b474074a9e84b1ff2a86ea8614.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">女性癌症早筛项目<span style="color: black;">名单</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01.乳腺癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>于乳腺腺上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,发病率约为10万分之41.82,位居女性确诊肿瘤<span style="color: black;">第1</span>位。乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,女性占99%,男性占1%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">统计数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,我国城市女性乳腺癌的发病高峰年龄段为55-60岁,农村女性乳腺癌的发病高峰年龄段为45-50岁和55-60岁。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,我国<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>女性从40岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行乳腺癌筛查,做到早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早诊断和早治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240223/0481fa409cf248cbb299496a64fb21a6.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《中国女性乳腺癌筛查指南(2022年版)》,<span style="color: black;">举荐</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群</strong><span style="color: black;">这般</span>进行筛查:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">20~39岁人群:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①每月1次乳腺自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②每1~3年1次临床<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">40~69岁人群:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①适合机会性筛查和群体性筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②每1~2年1次乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和/或乳腺超声。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③对<span style="color: black;">前提</span>不具备的地区或致密型乳腺(腺体为C型或D型),可首选乳腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④每月1次乳腺自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤每年1次临床<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">70岁以上人群:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①机会性筛查(有症状或可疑体征时进行影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②每月1次乳腺自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③每年1次临床<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而<span style="color: black;">针对</span><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群</strong>(有<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的乳腺癌家族史、BRCA1/BRCA2或其他乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>基因致病性突变等),要比其他人的筛查年龄提前且频率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>在18岁时<span style="color: black;">起始</span>乳房自检,25周岁后<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行乳腺<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">携带乳腺癌易感基因的人群或存在下列<span style="color: black;">状况</span>之一者,属高危人群:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、有直系亲属(父母、子女及兄弟、姐妹)乳腺癌家族史。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、有乳腺癌病史的女性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、有胸部放疗史(30岁之前累积放疗剂量≥10 Gy)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、40岁以前被诊断为乳腺导管上皮不典型增生(ADH)、小叶不典型增生(ALH)或小叶原位癌(LCIS)病史的女性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02.宫颈癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宫颈癌是长在子宫颈上的恶性肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>观察到宫颈癌有发病和确诊<span style="color: black;">青年</span>化的趋势。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,宫颈癌与人乳头瘤病毒( HPV)<span style="color: black;">连续</span>感染密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。HPV是一种<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>性传播,进入生殖道、口腔或咽喉,从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>黏膜皮肤感染的病毒。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>HPV有200多种型别,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>致癌性的不同分为高危型和低危型,有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证实99.7%的宫颈癌与感染高危型HPV<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240223/1667e9adf2fb49cfa87431e78554767b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查项目<span style="color: black;">举荐</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、宫颈/阴道细胞学:液基细胞学/巴氏涂片<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、有<span style="color: black;">前提</span>提倡联合筛查(细胞学+HPV)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查年龄及频率</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、年龄≤25岁的女性,不<span style="color: black;">意见</span>筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、25-29岁的女性,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每3年进行1次细胞学筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、年龄≥30岁的女性,可进行HPV初筛或细胞学+HPV病毒联合检测。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>两项结果都正常,可间隔3年再筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、年龄≥65岁的老年<span style="color: black;">女性</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>10年内连续3次细胞学结果正常或2次HPV阴性,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>停止筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、孕期女性在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次孕检时进行筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、既往宫颈上皮内瘤病变,接受过治疗的女性,应每年筛查,<span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>20年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、即使接种了HPV疫苗的女性,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">定时</span>接受筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:筛查应避开<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期,筛查前24小时内<span style="color: black;">没</span>性生活,不做阴道灌洗或上药,保持外阴清洁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性高危型HPV感染者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、HIV感染者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、性生活较早,有不洁性生活史、多个性伴侣或配偶有多个性伴侣者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、有多次孕产史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、有宫颈上皮内瘤病变史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03.卵巢癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢是女性的生殖腺,它分泌女性激素,维持女性的性特征、生理功能(<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>)和生育功能。上皮性肿瘤是卵巢恶性肿瘤中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的类型,约占卵巢恶性肿瘤的90%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢癌病因<span style="color: black;">日前</span>尚未完全<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,可能与激素、生育、妇科<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、环境、生活<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,10%-20%的卵巢癌与遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。遗传性乳腺癌-卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>和Lynch<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>)是两种最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的遗传性卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>卵巢<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>腹腔内,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>发病非常隐匿,缺乏<span style="color: black;">初期</span>特异性症状,相当一部分<span style="color: black;">初期</span>病人<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240223/2fcb203659a6463884b3f7ae1ec9a20e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、筛查应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>妇科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、盆腔超声及血清肿瘤标志物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、高危人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>提前5岁进行筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、年龄40岁以上的高危人群,每年1次妇科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、盆腔超声及肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、有家族史者<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行遗传咨询及<span style="color: black;">关联</span>基因检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、恶性肿瘤家族史尤其是卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、结直肠癌等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、有BRCA1/BRCA2等基因突变或遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌(Lynch<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>)及<span style="color: black;">关联</span>基因携带者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、40岁以上未受孕生育者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、子宫内膜异位症病史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04.子宫内膜癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫内膜癌与宫颈癌、卵巢癌并<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>女性生殖系统三大恶性肿瘤,其发病率在我国逐年<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫内膜癌从根上来讲,是单纯的雌激素或少量的雌激素<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>刺激而<span style="color: black;">无</span>有效的孕激素对抗,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>子宫内膜的<span style="color: black;">没</span>限制地生长,尤其是子宫内膜腺体<span style="color: black;">没</span>限制生长,从而<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>子宫内膜癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大部分子宫内膜癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>阴道流血、阴道排液等症状。育龄期<span style="color: black;">女性</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>表现为<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>量<span style="color: black;">增加</span>、经期延长、<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span><span style="color: black;">时期</span>不规则<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span><span style="color: black;">错乱</span>,绝经后<span style="color: black;">女性</span>可表现为绝经后阴道流血及排液。极少部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>下腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、腰骶部胀痛,乃至消瘦、乏力等不适。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240223/d52254c8dc99496c9af86b177969a1e7.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、高危人群每年筛查:妇科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、肿瘤标记物检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、绝经前子宫内膜厚≥10mm者,绝经后子宫内膜厚≥5mm者,结合临床症状行子宫内膜细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>或诊刮。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、恶性肿瘤家族史尤其是Lynch<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、子宫内膜癌、肠道肿瘤等,或卵巢癌、乳腺癌患病史。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、年龄≥45岁,且<span style="color: black;">身患</span>糖尿病、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>、高血压者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<span style="color: black;">没</span>孕激素拮抗的性激素<span style="color: black;">运用</span>史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、多囊卵巢<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>病史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、分泌雌激素的功能性卵巢肿瘤史者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、初潮早、<span style="color: black;">不育</span>、<span style="color: black;">不孕</span>者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240223/d9720b1baeec486997def736af24ebad.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上是女性<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症早筛<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,你都<span style="color: black;">认识</span>了吗?海南小鹏健康互联网医院专家提醒<span style="color: black;">大众</span>,在体检时,不要<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>跟风,应结合<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>适合自己的筛查项目,主动进行相应的筛查,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">保证</span>自己的健康。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考资料</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《9种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症早筛<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,你<span style="color: black;">认识</span>吗?》.海南疾控.2023-05-04</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《防住女性癌症,这些<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和<span style="color: black;">办法</span>不可少》.重庆大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>肿瘤医院.2023-03-08</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《权威 | 早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>早治疗,最新中国女性乳腺癌筛查指南<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>!》.浙大妇院乳腺诊治中心.2022-07-14<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑:网友投稿</span></p>
你的见解真是独到,让我受益良多。 感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。 楼主节操掉了,还不快捡起来!
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