IEEE华为禁令背面的美军背景和朝野共识
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE华为禁令一事,<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>讨论<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>了,方方面面都有<span style="color: black;">触及</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>还有三个关键问题,<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到的人并不多,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>理解这个事情的来龙去脉,还是有些<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,美国大牌的学术组织不少,像美国计算机学会(ACM)、美国光学学会(OSA)、美国<span style="color: black;">理学</span>学会(APS),和美国机械工程师协会(ASME)等,业务和华为都有或多或少的联系。这些带美字头的学术组织,都<span style="color: black;">无</span>就特朗普的华为禁令出头,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>偏偏IEEE,一个头顶国际字样的学术组织,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>跳了出来呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人将<span style="color: black;">这事</span>归咎于IEEE的主席。这其实是天大的冤枉。IEEE现任主席José M. F. Moura是美国卡耐基梅隆大学的教授,侯任主席Toshio Fukuda是日本名城大学的教授、<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是中科院外籍院士、北京理工大学的教授(IEEE公开信息)。两人<span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>都忙的要命,才<span style="color: black;">无</span>时间管这些闲事。据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,IEEE的信件,最初是其执行<span style="color: black;">专家</span>(Executive Director)兼首席执行官(COO)发给IEEE董事会(Board of Directors)和各个分会主席的。这是一个全职的岗位,和玩票性质的主席职责完全<span style="color: black;">区别</span>。</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE的现任执行<span style="color: black;">专家</span>Stephen Welby先生来头可相当不小,来IEEE前,是美国奥巴马总统提名、联邦参议院听证<span style="color: black;">经过</span>任命的美国助理国防部长,是美国国防部的首席技术官,在五角大楼干过7年。Welby先生还曾<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>在DARPA工作,负责信息对抗和战术技术办公室。让<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个军方背景浓厚的人士来执掌一个国际学术组织,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>能有何感想和期待呢?换个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这是一位来自中国的类似背景人士,美国政府又会有什么评论呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其次,特朗普当政<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,大力推动过几件他在竞选中承诺过的<span style="color: black;">措施</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>最初的中东几国旅行禁令,后来的美墨边境修墙,结果<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说<span style="color: black;">无</span>一件事情能做下去的,无不在各级联邦法庭被民间左派组织如ACLU<span style="color: black;">或</span>各个州如华盛顿州、纽约州挑战并败诉的。从美国宪政<span style="color: black;">方向</span>而言,华为这个禁令怎么看怎么违宪,偏偏美国朝野在这个问题上、不分<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,高度一致,基本<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的声音,更别说去法庭挑战这个禁令。不少人替IEEE洗白,说其只是执行总统行政命令<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。这点毫无说服力,总统行政命令被法庭推翻的多了去了,特朗普深有体会,无论是旅行禁令还是修墙,都打着国家安全的幌子却寸步难行,偏偏在华为禁令上随心所欲。<span style="color: black;">大众</span>想一想,这又说明问题呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最后再谈谈这个禁令的隐含<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。其实只要<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>IEEE的官方理解就好了。在其声明中,IEEE<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“The EAR’srestrictions on Listed Persons apply to all IEEE activities, whether based inthe U.S. or </span><span style="color: black;">another country. </span><span style="color: black;">Specifically, the EAR covers physical goods, software and technical information that is</span><span style="color: black;">transferred to a restricted entity and <strong style="color: blue;">such transfers can occur in the form of an exported product, an inperson transfer that occurs in the U.S. or another country</strong>, <strong style="color: blue;">or even an email exchange or a conversation</strong>. </span><span style="color: black;">Violations of the EAR can be prosecuted either civilly or criminally, and the penalties include significant</span><span style="color: black;">fines or prison sentences.”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">什么意思呢,这个禁令<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说无所不包,任何人在任何<span style="color: black;">地区</span>与被禁的任何组织<span style="color: black;">或</span>个人的任何接触,都有被起诉的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,随便聊聊技术都不行:such transfers can occur in the form of an exported product, an inperson transfer that occurs in the U.S. or another country, or even an email exchange or a</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">conversation</strong></span><span style="color: black;">.</span></p>
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