收音机为么叫“半导体”?
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在我国不少<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,“半导体”和收音机,说的是一个东西。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">半导体(Semi-conductor)不是集成电路(IC,Integrated Circuits)所用的材料吗?<span style="color: black;">为何</span>收音机会叫“半导体”呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">收音机的发明</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">电报机</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">早在</span>1835<span style="color: black;">年,摩尔斯在美国发明了最早的电报机,摩尔斯用电流的“通”“断”和“长短”来代替文字进行文字的电传送,这种编码<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是鼎鼎大名的摩尔斯电码。虽然电报机<span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现远地相互通信,但还是必须依赖“导线”来连接,非常不方便。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">无线电</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1887<span style="color: black;">年,德国<span style="color: black;">理学</span>学家赫兹,用实验证明了电磁波的存在。电磁波的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>为无线传输找到了传播途径,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>开启了无线通信的新纪元。为了纪念赫兹的伟大贡献,电磁波频率的国际制单位<span style="color: black;">亦</span>以赫兹的名字来命名。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在随后的几十年时间里,电磁波被应用到无线通信中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">-1894年,意大利电气工程师马可尼<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行实验,并于1899年实现跨越英吉利海峡传输。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">-1906年,美国33岁发明家</span><span style="color: black;">德福雷斯特设计了历史上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个收音机。这个收音机将真空电子管放大器与马可尼的无线电发明相结合,利用无线电传送人的声音。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">-1919年,被誉为美国广播通讯业之父的大卫·萨尔诺夫,参与创立美国无线电<span style="color: black;">机构</span>(Radio Corporation of America, RCA),RCA是商用无线电和广播电视的起源。而RCA<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的收音机<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>当时最为流行的无线接收设备。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">真空电子管收音机</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的收音机中,采用真空电子管进行收音机的设计。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">真空电子管及工作原理</strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">电子管(Electron Tube),又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为真空管(Vacuum Tube ),是一种被广泛用于信号放大器设计的重要器件。真空电子管由<span style="color: black;">外边</span>的玻璃壳体、内部的电极及连接电极的管脚<span style="color: black;">形成</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>为了有利于游离电子的流动,玻璃壳<span style="color: black;">身体</span>部被抽为真空,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>电子管<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为真空管。下图为<span style="color: black;">有些</span>真空电子管的<span style="color: black;">照片</span>。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cbc9f79c0c74762a3c45aa64d37375d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=6VVwNV%2BF5lB%2Fya7tT6v8%2F1sB00E%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:<span style="color: black;">有些</span>典型真空电子管<span style="color: black;">照片</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">二极管是最简单的电子管器件。电子管二极管由阴极</span>Cathode<span style="color: black;">和阳极</span>Anode<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">形成</span>。电子管工作时,<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>阴极的灯丝上有电流<span style="color: black;">经过</span>就会发热,当阴极到达<span style="color: black;">必定</span>温度后,就会有电子<span style="color: black;">得到</span>足够的能量而从上面发射出来,这些电子将被在阳极的屏极(</span>Plate<span style="color: black;">)吸收。而由于在阴极的灯丝只能发射电子而不吸收电子,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这个方向<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被反过来,这个单向导电特性使此电子管形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>二极管。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0622ad821564257b528e1df1e825963~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=RTrn1UdBon0puCPojo4SRcjmUes%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:电子管二极管原理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">三极管是在二极管的阴极和阳极之间<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了一个栅极(</span>Control grid<span style="color: black;">),以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>电子的运动,而正是栅极的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,使得电子管<span style="color: black;">持有</span>了放大电压信号的能力。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,还有四极管、五极管等,是在三极管的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">增多</span>第二栅极</span></span><span style="color: black;">(帘栅极)以及第三栅极(<span style="color: black;">控制</span>栅极)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p6-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/447b08d5d94f485ab4e0a8b0b89a2007~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=X9E2ocWU%2BupAu%2BveY7Qv%2B2hLPCY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:电子管二极管、三极管、四极管、五极管结构</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">利用电子管形成的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>器件,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>设计成<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的电路。采用电子管设计的放大器如下图所示:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1efe849fc94466c8938258649edb256~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=RNhWMQZnUGi65Tg89Fj%2B6Bded8g%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">图:</span><span style="color: black;">RCA</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>采用电子管设计的放大器</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">真空电子管收音机</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">利用真空电子管,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>设计实现检波、变频、放大等电路,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>以上电路的搭配,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现收音机功能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f21a28c6b1a64e9bb0ecb93178d49a11~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=l1aSXkrNIsz9m5plClAzW9Qjj44%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:采用电子管实现的收音机电路</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">20<span style="color: black;">世纪</span>20<span style="color: black;">到</span>30<span style="color: black;">年代,</span>RCA<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>正是利用电子管,设计实现了如下图所示的电子管收音机,利用无线广播的方式将音乐、信息等无线传输到<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>各个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</span></span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3d7cc7946e28419ba533171d0966403d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=qAhgXVAF3XYm4wleuXiPVqtBLeQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">图:</span>RCA<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>设计的收音机</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">型号</span>Model T10-1 Tombstone Radio (1935)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">采用电子管<span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现无线通信和放大功能,并且有良好的大功率及线性度特性。但</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">电子管的缺点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>显而易见:体积大、功耗大、发热厉害、寿命短,并且需要高压电源。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,电子管收音机只应用在政府、军事<span style="color: black;">分部</span>以及无线电<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>者中。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“半导体”的横空出世</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">半导体晶体的发明</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了克服电子管的局限性,第二次世界大战结束后,贝尔实验室加紧了对固体电子器件的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>。肖克莱等人决定集中<span style="color: black;">科研</span>硅、锗等半导体材料,探讨用半导体材料制作放大器件的可能性。</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1945<span style="color: black;">年秋天,贝尔实验室成立了以肖克莱为首的半导体<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组,成员有布拉顿、巴丁等人。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>经过一系列的实验和观察,逐步认识到半导体中电流放大效应产生的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。布拉顿<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,在锗片的底面接上电极,在另一面插上细针并通上电流,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>让另一根细针靠近及接触它,并通上微弱的电流,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>就会使原来的电流产生很大的变化。微弱电流少量的变化会对<span style="color: black;">另一</span>的电流产生很大的影响,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“放大”</span> <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。这种“放大”<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>使得半导体器件<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被用于制作放大器。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在为这种器件命名时,布拉顿想到它的电阻变换特性,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">于是取名为Trans-resistor(转换电阻),后来缩写为Transistor,中文译名<span style="color: black;">便是</span>晶体管</strong><strong style="color: blue;">。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">这个小小的半导体晶体管,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>日后集成电路发展的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1956年,</span><span style="color: black;">肖克莱</span><span style="color: black;">、巴丁、布拉顿三人,因发明半导体晶体管<span style="color: black;">同期</span>荣获诺贝尔<span style="color: black;">理学</span>学奖。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8a93c127fcf640bea532334fdc179462~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=7wNICA2ue8MkyHg0Ctw%2BtMbO8x4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:半导体晶体管的发明者</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">左起:布拉顿,肖克莱,巴丁</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">半导体晶体管对真空电子管的取代</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6647bc0768b94adc98f699e3a8943b74~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=61oknDKiJxwnTkR13OU%2FAxIrMco%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:采用半导体技术实现的晶体管(左)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">与采用真空管技术实现的电子管(右)对比</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>晶体管尺寸小、所需电压低,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>晶体管<span style="color: black;">显现</span>之后,就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对电子管进行取代。</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">半导体晶体管<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个实现商品化应用的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>收音机。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1954<span style="color: black;">年,</span>Regency <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>发布</span>TR-1<span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>首个商用的半导体晶体管收音机(</span>TR<span style="color: black;">即</span>Transistor<span style="color: black;">,晶体管缩写)。半导体晶体管收音机的发明,使原来只能摆放在家中的笨重真空电子管收音机<span style="color: black;">能够</span>装进口袋,一时间“</span>Pocket Radio<span style="color: black;">”(可装进口袋的收音机)<span style="color: black;">作为</span>当时时尚之选。</span></span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>半导体晶体管收音机在<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>推出来的前几年,依然只是一个小众<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,主流的收音机还是采用真空电子管实现。为了区分采用半导体晶体<span style="color: black;">管理</span>作的收音机和主流电子<span style="color: black;">管理</span>作的收音机之间的区别,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">半导体晶体管收音机被直接<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“晶体管”<span style="color: black;">或</span>“半导体”。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是现代收音机被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为“半导体”的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/479051e81a61421090746b97018ea0bc~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=AJCNqE53biCpS%2B0KBCGUdLdnP%2F0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">图:</span>1954<span style="color: black;">年,</span>Regency<span style="color: black;">推出</span>TR-1<span style="color: black;">,主打为:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首个可装进口袋的收音机</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8553325b5c074cdb845cd6ae53310f0a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=ojd95nJlfNJnwWLWNUeYPgkaX1U%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图:典型的晶体管收音机内部构造</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>核心器件为晶体管(</span>Transistor<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一个小小的半导体收音机,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>改变了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>的命运。</span>1957<span style="color: black;">年,东京通信工业<span style="color: black;">机构</span>发布</span>Sony<span style="color: black;">系列半导体收音机。之后的</span>Sony TR-63<span style="color: black;">是</span>20<span style="color: black;">世纪</span>50-60<span style="color: black;">年代最受欢迎的消费类电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>之一。</span>Sony TR-63<span style="color: black;">在当时实在太成功,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>使得东京通信工业<span style="color: black;">机构</span>在</span>1958<span style="color: black;">年</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">直接将<span style="color: black;">机构</span>更名为</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;">Sony</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">,</span>Sony<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>日后<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>霸</span>50<span style="color: black;">年的日本消费类电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>供应商,<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>变得家喻户晓。</span></span></span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">以</span>Sony<span style="color: black;">、</span>Regency<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的便携晶体管收音机,改变了人们<span style="color: black;">遵循</span>音乐的习惯,人们<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在任何时间和地点,都能听到音乐。人们<span style="color: black;">由于</span>便携收音机养成的随时随地欣赏音乐的习惯,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">促进</span>了</span>80<span style="color: black;">年代</span>Walkman<span style="color: black;">、</span>CD<span style="color: black;">,乃至</span>21<span style="color: black;">世纪</span>iPod<span style="color: black;">的发明。</span></span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b6d7f2ae44e64d42a6d66d9fff720a8c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=3SedMCUypbtyDyh%2FB1LebFWelA0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">图:</span><span style="color: black;">Sony</span><span style="color: black;">在</span><span style="color: black;">20</span><span style="color: black;">世纪</span><span style="color: black;">50-60</span><span style="color: black;">年代推出的晶体管收音机</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">晶体管(</span>Transistor<span style="color: black;">)被直接印在了壳体上</span></span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">中国自己的“半导体”收音机</strong></span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然近年来中国在集成电路<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>在追赶世界先进水平,但在上个世纪中期,中国无线通信的发展并不落后。</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">新中国成立<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,电子工业<span style="color: black;">便是</span>被高度<span style="color: black;">注重</span>的行业。</span>1958<span style="color: black;">年,上海宏音无线电<span style="color: black;">器具</span>厂等</span>9<span style="color: black;">个工厂及上海无线电子技术<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所联合研制成功了我国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>台基于晶体管的收音机。此后,上海、北京、南京等地的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>无线电工厂,先后生产出“上海牌”、</span> <span style="color: black;">“春蕾”、</span> <span style="color: black;">“飞乐”、</span> <span style="color: black;">“红灯”等晶体管收音机。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在上海无线电博物馆,展出了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>中国人自己的收音机。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>经典的电子管收音系列:中国成立</span>10<span style="color: black;">周年献礼之作的上海牌</span>132<span style="color: black;">型电子管收音机,</span>70<span style="color: black;">年代中国爆款的</span>711<span style="color: black;">型六灯两波段电子管收音机;<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">宝贵</span>的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>半导体晶体管收音机:中国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>台简单半导体收音机卫星牌</span>636<span style="color: black;">半导体收音机,生产于</span>1962<span style="color: black;">年的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>台<span style="color: black;">所有</span>采用国产元器件收音机</span>--<span style="color: black;">美多</span>28A<span style="color: black;">型便携式半导体晶体管收音机等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1583f92e329942ea8b8e7052e06c3e2e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=1k3OIC7G3VFj46vYoYsiZOoTDsU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">图:上海无线电三厂在</span>1962<span style="color: black;">年生产的美多</span>28A-1<span style="color: black;">型</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">半导体收音机</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/793df67da6fa4b42ac29f56c84278eba~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727799323&x-signature=XP5nbRACp52294kMkXAUy3JBrJ0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">半导体工程师</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半导体经验分享,半导体成果交流,半导体信息发布。半导体行业动态,半导体从业者职业规划,芯片工程师成长历程。</p>
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