他偷辆车就被人工智能评定重判8年。当AI触角伸向司法界，是恰当，还是荒唐？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">现如今，AI（人工智能）<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>了一个逃不掉的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>..</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不管是横扫围棋界各大<span style="color: black;">能手</span>的阿尔法狗….</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcqwTzZJId8fYVbYcqyZvYsIUD2bQmOnFpQwLppZxvdaur6ibb0SkP2rA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还是用<span style="color: black;">区别</span>化名在网上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>诗歌，都<span style="color: black;">无</span>被人察觉的微软小冰…</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGc9oZuxMQF5HGkEv8ibWm2B5wBtCEyneNibVYoIcdEaW6vqUXnXrbR8HBA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcR8UOS1LicRG72dGHHooqmzicElupPZQX78uSY9hFU65J4KyIMIBZcmTg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的游戏，最微妙的情感，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">AI似乎够能和人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>做出来，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>，比人做得更好.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">但它们不止于此，<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>早已来到了司法界。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>美国有<span style="color: black;">一块</span>充满争议的案子，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一个<span style="color: black;">由于</span>偷窃罪被判刑的男人把威斯康星法院告了，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">他被判整整8年有期徒刑，不是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他的罪行，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>法官的判断，</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">而是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>，一个AI认为，他对社会<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>‘高危险性’！</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事情要从2013年说起...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那年的2月11日，威斯康星州的拉克罗斯市<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了枪击案。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有目击者们看到一辆车行驶过Kane大街2200号房子的时候，车里的人<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>掏出枪向屋子开了两枪。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">目击者马上报警，并且告诉警察关于车子的信息。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">之后，</span><span style="color: black;">警方在别的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>找到这辆车，马上展开激烈追捕，最后好<span style="color: black;">不易</span>把车子逼停了，看到了31岁的Eric Loomis和他的小伙伴....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcJhLziaetK2BzqySrLJwQibOaQ1c10ybjoMAazKlW5gy2FuVllVibRGSUQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">警方在车子里<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>枪支，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本以为是人赃俱获，但仔细彻查后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这两人，<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不是枪击案的罪犯，而是在错误的时间错误的地点<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的窃车的小偷。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">警方调查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，枪击案罪犯弃车逃跑后，这个小偷顺手把这辆车给偷了.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">案情确凿，于是法院判两人有盗窃罪和拒捕罪。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">本来</span>，这案子并不算大，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在Eric Loomis接受了一个叫做COMPAS的软件系统的提问后，法官宣布，判处Eric Loomis<strong style="color: blue;">长达8年6个月的有期徒刑</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这么长的刑期，Eric Loomis简直懵逼了.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">法官Scott Horene给出的理由是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">‘<span style="color: black;">按照</span>COMPAS的测试，被告被认定为对社会<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高危险性的人。’</strong>（“identified, through the COMPAS assessment, as an individual who is at high risk to the community.”）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS......</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这到底是个啥？？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS是一个由私营企业编写出的、能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>司法人员做出判断的智能AI。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它<span style="color: black;">经过</span>向被告询问137个问题（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>‘你在学校多久打一次架’；‘你有多少<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>’；‘你受过的最高教育是什么’），还有搜索他曾经的犯罪记录，得到一堆数字，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>经过<span style="color: black;">机构</span>设定的<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>算法，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>得出一长串数据。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">里面<span style="color: black;">包含</span>他的孤僻程度、犯罪型人格的得分、性格稳定度....以及最重要的，他的<strong style="color: blue;">‘危险指数’，</strong><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><strong style="color: blue;">‘<span style="color: black;">将来</span>再次犯罪的可能性’。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcf8KzJJZBvjVhd7XX1Yq8aMm2CjrV84AT0PeWXpZWeCZvr3EwqpN4aA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS在美国<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>个州中都被<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，其中<span style="color: black;">运用</span>最广泛的是威斯康星州。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从2012年起，威斯康星州就鼓励在全州所有法庭上都用COMPAS，在监狱系统中的每一部分<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>它，给犯人做出<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>司法人员进行判刑到假释的判断....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>....COMPAS实在太好用了，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它告诉人们的答案太清晰了！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个AI能清楚地说出<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>被告的‘<strong style="color: blue;">危险指数</strong>’是多少，从1到10，10为最危险，说明被告再次犯罪的可能性极高。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这个数据，能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>法官判断，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是判他早早出狱，还是在监狱里多待两年，免得出去祸害社会.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，COMPAS还能告诉司法人员，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最适合被告的监禁类型是什么，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">被告什么时候<span style="color: black;">才可</span>被假释，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">监狱里这么多人，谁最适合提前释放，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保释金需要多少钱，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">......</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcdYDMwt4FY0Pia887S2fibnx3ZcBTAIFVqUrcF97CtEP4LL9gI60LOplg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">只要有人问，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS几乎能回答关于罪犯和监禁的所有问题！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">威斯康星州惩教部的部长Jared Hoy曾经说，这个AI简直太好用。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它给人的惊喜<span style="color: black;">持续</span>，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>工作人员做决定的时候都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用一用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对工作人员可能是好事....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但对被告<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，这简直<span style="color: black;">便是</span>莫名其妙....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Eric Loomis听到结果后，马上<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>不服，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">‘<span style="color: black;">为何</span>我会被评为是对社会有高危险度？理由呢？</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>还是用一个软件来评判我，这不<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>！’</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcKia4gMIBxZQqJtRTVNHNicmK5icXJ7tFW2m9mL7uAicFj3EBK7VhbcI6zQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>美国第六修正案，被告有权<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>被控告的理由，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>他被控‘<strong style="color: blue;">有高危险度</strong>’的理由是什么呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS：<strong style="color: blue;">抱歉，我<span style="color: black;">不可</span>说。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是的，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>COMPAS是一个<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>，有知识产权，所有除了<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的核心成员，<strong style="color: blue;">它的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>算法<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被外界<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">就算是用它用了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年的法院，<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>算法长什么样，只能看到结果....</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，COMPAS就像是一个黑匣子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Eric Loomis被判为‘高危险’，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>他在‘受教育程度’那里分数很低，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>在‘<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>住在危险街区’中回答了‘是’，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许是COMPAS认为他在回答中撒谎.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总之，没人知道。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">于是，不满的Eric Loomis决定上诉，一路闹到威斯康星州最高法院，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">最后</span>，法院仍然认为COMPAS的判断<span style="color: black;">无</span>问题，它‘科学又有效’。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在扯了几年的皮后，Eric Loomis的刑罚最后被降到6年，但他觉得还是很长.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcxTNguh7XxtscY9E6YK7Y32pojywhpXufjMOiaBF7BPv8rtko92PQ7EQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>威斯康辛星<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对COMPAS如此痴迷呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">法院方面<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>COMPAS的优点很大啊！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一堆冷冰冰的算法，很客观，完全不受个人情感<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>COMPAS，法官能够更公正无私地看待案子，最大化地消除偏见。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>法院大力<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">按照</span>非盈利<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>社ProPublica的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">COMPAS似乎并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>完美.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在COMPAS的137个问题中，没有询问被告关于‘<strong style="color: blue;">种族</strong>’的问题，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是人们说它客观的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但在2016年，ProPublica却<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>‘<strong style="color: blue;">AI种族<span style="color: black;">卑视</span></strong>’的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">黑人<span style="color: black;">女子</span>Brisha Borden和白人大叔Vernon Parter<span style="color: black;">由于</span>盗窃罪被捕，两人都被控窃取价值80美元的东西。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">女子</span>之前有过4次<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>，<span style="color: black;">无</span>入狱经历；而大叔有过两次持枪抢劫，还曾经坐过5年牢。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结果<span style="color: black;">女子</span>被COMPAS判断的危险指数是8，属于‘<strong style="color: blue;">高危</strong>’，而大叔的指数却是3，属于‘<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>危险</strong>’.....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGc2pCtbqzWYU8ecRkasuicWZqUednVZZRJWoorOD3CnEq3OXxMClcbyow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，下面两小哥都<span style="color: black;">由于</span>携带毒品被捕，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">左边的白人Fugett曾经<span style="color: black;">由于</span>持有可卡因和大麻，被警方抓捕过三次，还犯过一次抢劫案，COMPAS认为他的危险指数是3分；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而右边的Parker，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>过一次拘捕，只是逃跑，<span style="color: black;">无</span>袭警，却被COMPAS认为危险程度极高，有10分。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcQ7YnubS0LmQiba942KMkHticeKYZ6jhJxAmZPXQ95JibPS6H2kJHK2MYA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">明明是个死物的COMPAS，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>会像种族<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>者呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人们不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，但<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到COMPAS在问题中问的<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>家庭、街区、<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有工作、最高学历、父母<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>吸毒等等，看上去和个人<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是受社会大环境影响，黑人<span style="color: black;">处在</span>的弱势环境，让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在AI的评测中更加吃亏....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>算法本身不客观，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>COMPAS的正确率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会有多高....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在2016年，ProPublica<span style="color: black;">经过</span>COMPAS计算了7000多名罪犯在刑满后再次犯罪的可能性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些罪犯来自加利福尼亚州的Broward市，被COMPAS测评‘危险指数’的时间是2013年到2014年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结果...<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>20%的人会<span style="color: black;">根据</span>COMPAS预测的那样再次犯罪，</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>把所有的犯罪类型都算上，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>用一个过期的驾照开车这种小罪，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>COMPAS的正确率为61%。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ur8ldomcUpop8Y36tEOZuIyhu79O7xGcg75TCWrVbS5MDdl1zCiaXluZicSldSQicgZKGT5PKvn1tpaTmAwxWBcqQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而Eric Loomis的这个案例....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的‘危险指数’偏高，而不得不被听信AI的法官判更<span style="color: black;">长期</span>的牢。 他自己觉得，确实感觉挺冤...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>，犹他州、弗吉尼亚州，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span>都在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>类似的AI来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>审判，预测犯罪，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是美国司法界的趋势，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将是是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的趋势....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但犯罪是一个极其<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的社会问题，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">AI能干得好吗，它真的能像公正无私的审判者<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，做出完美的判决吗？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">法官判案，有人说法官受人性影响，会有偏差...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">让AI来<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，<span style="color: black;">实质</span>证明<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不完美....</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那，什么又才是正确的路呢？ </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ref：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">http://bigthink.com/robby-berman/a-judge-lets-an-app-help-him-decide-a-wisconsin-mans-6-year-sentence</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">http://www.northpointeinc.com/files/downloads/DataSheet_Classification.pdf</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">http://www.equivant.com/solutions/inmate-classification</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/when-algorithms-take-the-stand/489566/</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">-------------------</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">骨子<span style="color: black;">-</span>背不完局解生理生化<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>人</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span>PSYCHO PASS…………</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王安石：人工智能真的好吗？别像电影里那样被<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>制造的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人给统治了</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大鸣咚咚哩个呛：<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让法官自己测一测危险系数</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Y<span style="color: black;">菌</span>_<span style="color: black;">冬日饺子</span></span><span style="color: black;">：《美国队长<span style="color: black;">2</span>》，洞察计划</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>气的小小倩：我只能说，这个真的是有<span style="color: black;">那样</span>一点的荒谬了</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">熊阿冷：阿汤哥有一个电影叫<span style="color: black;">少许</span>派报告，讲的是人工智能<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预知犯罪<span style="color: black;">而后</span>司法机关就去在犯案前抓住，结果后面<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了一系列细思恐极的事<span style="color: black;">…</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Lucien<span style="color: black;">陈</span></span><span style="color: black;">：<span style="color: black;">AI</span>没偏见，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>编写<span style="color: black;">AI</span>程序的人有啊！<span style="color: black;">最后</span>不还是有个人感情<span style="color: black;">原因</span>在里面吗？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据被删除：我只记得之前那位<span style="color: black;">由于</span>减刑出来后<span style="color: black;">作为</span>人弹的英国骚年</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">-------------------</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
我深受你的启发，你的话语是我前进的动力。 我深受你的启发，你的话语是我前进的动力。 期待与你深入交流，共探知识的无穷魅力。
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