面对跨文化传播,出海企业应避免哪些宣传禁忌?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">前段时间国际时尚品牌 Calvin Klein 大码模特的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>牌<span style="color: black;">导致</span>了<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>网民的<span style="color: black;">热榜</span>,此次<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>的主角突破了人们<span style="color: black;">针对</span>模特固有的刻板印象,从肤色、身材,到其跨性别者的身份,都让全世界看到了新时代的营销风向。<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>多元的营销策略( Inclusive Marketing )放眼于社会上<span style="color: black;">各样</span>背景和特点的受众,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到<span style="color: black;">区别</span>人群的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">随着海外市场追求种族平等的浪潮掀起,<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>性和多元化的营销理念<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>现代国际企业关注的重点。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到众多国际大牌开启自省自查模式,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到众多国际企业为创造更加<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>和多元的社会<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>着。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以谷歌为例,从 2014 年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>发布《谷歌多元化报告》,谷歌就致力于<span style="color: black;">经过</span>创造多元的企业环境而带动社会的多元化发展。该报告不止关注性别和种族的多元,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">注重</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>自我认知群体在谷歌的占比。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>出海企业,面对陌生的市场环境和陌生的消费者群体时,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在海外投放<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到多元的受众群体<span style="color: black;">显出</span>尤为重要。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Google Ads<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>,能帮你洞悉用户所搜所想,为品牌智能匹配关键词,海纳百川,助力品牌与多元文化沟通,真正做到投其所好,在茫茫海外用户中<span style="color: black;">精细</span>获客。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">观看视频,更直观<span style="color: black;">认识</span>谷歌<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>助力品牌实现与受众群体<span style="color: black;">创立</span>沟通和联系。</span></strong></p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">出海企业应该<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>不可<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>的多元化<span style="color: black;">状况</span>?</h1><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">性别偏见频频<span style="color: black;">显现</span></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">多元化的维度多种多样,就<span style="color: black;">日前</span>来讲,企业营销中经常被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>的,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>性别的多元化。性别平等不只是一句口号,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是企业营销策略中<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的方面。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">YouTube 分析了 2015 年至 2019 年<span style="color: black;">时期</span>上传的 270 万个视频<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>关于性别平等或女性为主导的视频<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>的浏览量占总 56%;51% 的旅行和医疗健康<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>女性<span style="color: black;">做为</span>主角,超过其他行业视频<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>女性主角的占比;在报告<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的快消品、医疗健康、以及零售业三个行业中,女性角色的在视频中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>和发言的时间占到了 52%-55%<span style="color: black;"></span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>智威汤逊的关于性别平等的报告,85% 的女性认为<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中的性别平等理念应与时俱进,66% 的女性会关掉内容中<span style="color: black;">消极</span>展示女性刻板形象的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;"></span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/54bab73f6dd74aa98cf6d1f4b9328160~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725939914&x-signature=HI7M5zG8FHyGN86MRx4YgrpCEhc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年年初,英国针对该国<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>行业发布新规,禁止品牌发布<span style="color: black;">触及</span>性别偏见和<span style="color: black;">消极</span>性别刻板印象的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>,并对已发布的<span style="color: black;">触及</span>性别偏见的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>予以下架和禁播的处理。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">被下架和禁播的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中,不乏<span style="color: black;">有些</span>国际品牌。在<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中,男性角色<span style="color: black;">一般</span>都<span style="color: black;">做为</span>领导、科技专家、以及手足无措的父亲形象<span style="color: black;">显现</span>;而女性角色则多为家庭主妇和不<span style="color: black;">善于</span>专业<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的形象<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>英国网络服务平台 PeoplePerHour 就该<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中打出“You do the girl boss thing, we do the SEO thing”,暗指女性企业家<span style="color: black;">没法</span>像男性<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>网络或科技的技能。其中“girl boss”一词将女性领导的形象<span style="color: black;">做为</span>特例,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>贬低了女性的专业能力</span><span style="color: black;"></span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">该<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>一经亮相就受到广大女性的反感,该<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>将“girl”字样拿掉并公开道歉。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其实,性别平等的内容不仅<span style="color: black;">触及</span>女性,针对男性<span style="color: black;">做为</span>粗心不会做家务的爸爸的形象<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一种性别刻板印象。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">文化平等最为<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期,种族平等再一次占据<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>首页,这对消费者的影响不可小觑。<span style="color: black;">按照</span> 2020 年爱德曼关于美国人<span style="color: black;">针对</span>品牌在种族平等方面的态度的报告</span><span style="color: black;"></span>,60% 的美国人<span style="color: black;">由于</span>品牌对近期事件的态度去<span style="color: black;">喜欢</span>或抵制一个品牌,而这种影响在 18 到 34 岁的群体中<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的更加<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,占比竟达到了 70%。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,56% 的人认为品牌应该将种族平等视为道德义务,63% 的人认为品牌应该在<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>支持文化平等态度后采取切实的行动。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c6434c4798f34529b61145983f76daa1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725939914&x-signature=UyFAcJj6%2BlyD6qQYzMalj%2FyQOCc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>出海企业<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>拍摄文化创意类<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>,将当地传统文化元素融入到<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中,想要借文化与消费者沟通,<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的共鸣和认同感。但需要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,打破普通思维,将营销从<span style="color: black;">制品</span>侧突破至文化层面时,需要在<span style="color: black;">认识</span>当地文化语境的前提下创作,在<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中凸显对当地文化的尊重感。否则会给人留下错误的印象,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>被视为文化挪用(culture appropriation)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,美国<span style="color: black;">专题</span>女星金·卡戴珊推出全新塑身内衣品牌,将其命名为 “Kimono Intimates”( 和服密友”)。命名一经<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>,随即引来大批日本消费者指责。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span> “Kimono” 在日语中指和服,而和服<span style="color: black;">做为</span>日本的传统服饰,千百年来都是日本文化的重要象征之一。深感本国文化遭到不尊重的日本网友,在社交网络上掀起 #KimOhNo 运动,以表达心中的不满。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>认为,一旦 “Kimono” 被注册为内衣商标,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>日本文化符号之一的和服就会被消费者曲解,这是对日本文化的<span style="color: black;">极重</span>不尊重</span><span style="color: black;"></span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>品牌在进行海外营销时,必须要对当地的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>文化、生活习惯、语言表达以及风土人情等方面做好<span style="color: black;">基本</span>调研,尊重本土文化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">撕掉错误标签,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在追求平等</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了人为<span style="color: black;">原因</span>外,<span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能产生“不平等”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习是现代数字营销的基本工具,品牌<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对<span style="color: black;">区别</span>用户的数据进行千人千面的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>推送,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>品牌知名度和信誉。然而,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>在判断数据时难免<span style="color: black;">显现</span>偏差,这些不<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的推送不仅不会带来效益,反而会让消费者感到反感。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习的数据偏见(Data bias)是基于对不全面的数据根源进行机械性地判断,当面临不完整或有偏差的数据库和用户反馈,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>会自动将某些<span style="color: black;">制品</span>与特定人群相联系。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>思辨思维,<span style="color: black;">没法</span>做出进一步判断,避免数据偏见的任务只能由真人来完成。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">算法不会记住偏见,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>用户会记住<span style="color: black;">她们</span>被贴上的错误标签。谷歌采访的用户<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习的算法将社会背景与人的特质划上等号,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>其他相同背景的用户对数据的反馈而进行<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>推送。有的用户会被自动判定为低收入人群,有的用户会被推送与<span style="color: black;">她们</span>完全无关的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,这种错误判断让用户产生的<span style="color: black;">消极</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会转嫁到推送的品牌身上</span><span style="color: black;"></span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为<span style="color: black;">处理</span>这一问题,谷歌成立了多元化的人工小组,针对<span style="color: black;">设备</span>算法可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的错误进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>算法原理的透明度,反复测试和优化数据,纳入多元化人才集思广益,以及<span style="color: black;">持续</span>反思可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的数据偏见,让<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的错误判断越来越小,慢慢撕下用户被贴上的错误标签。</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">多元化营销到底应该怎么做?</h1><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">消除性别刻板印象</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>企业来讲,不开性别玩笑或触碰性别偏见的禁忌是底线,勇敢<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">宣传</span>来表达性别平等的价值观才是多元化营销的关键。2014 年,女性卫生<span style="color: black;">制品</span>品牌 Always 推出了“LikeAGirl”<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>系列,再一次将性别平等<span style="color: black;">专题</span>推向热点。</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">视频中,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的成年人被<span style="color: black;">需求</span>模仿<span style="color: black;">女子</span>跑步、打球、和踢球的样子,成年人们将<span style="color: black;">女子</span>子做运动的状态表现的<span style="color: black;">非常</span>扭捏,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>中有的人模仿<span style="color: black;">女子</span>子害羞的笑,有的人<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>意思地甩着胳膊<span style="color: black;">或</span>撩动头发。然而,在真正的<span style="color: black;">女子</span>子们被采访时,她们的表现与这些成年人模仿的状态完全相反,她们真实的运动状态毫不做作,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>胆怯,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都全力以赴。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">宣传</span>中<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的女性力量传递出了关键的信息,那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>像<span style="color: black;">女子</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>做某件事<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种调侃<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>人身攻击,<span style="color: black;">女子</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>有力量和勇气。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种打破成见的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>内容让品牌受到了<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>广泛的关注,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>当年最受欢迎的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>之一。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">满足<span style="color: black;">区别</span>文化消费者的切实<span style="color: black;">需要</span></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">企业想要<span style="color: black;">表现</span>文化“多元”、“<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>”的价值取向,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要将满足<span style="color: black;">区别</span>人群的真实<span style="color: black;">需要</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>出发点。美国著名歌手蕾哈娜创办的美妆品牌 Fenty Beauty <span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>多元化营销的经典案例。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Fenty Beauty 主张 “Beauty For All” 的彩妆理念,推出了 40 种<span style="color: black;">区别</span>色调的粉底,适应<span style="color: black;">区别</span>肤色的人,这在其他品牌是很少见的。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>的彩妆品牌粉底颜色大多适用于白种人,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>极<span style="color: black;">少许</span>品牌有色号较深的粉底,且可供<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的数量远远不如偏白粉底的数量。Fenty Beauty 的主张让消费者认识到,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都值得<span style="color: black;">持有</span>属于自己的专属色号,不管肤色<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>,都有追求美的权力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">业内人士<span style="color: black;">评估</span>道,Fenty Beauty 的 40 个色号不仅带动了<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,还永久地改变了这个行业。出海企业无论是在设计<span style="color: black;">制品</span>还是做营销推广时,都要尽可能地将所有种族的人群纳入自己的话语体系,而不是将某一群体排斥在外。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7039b0a0a3df45d1ac66bd083850768b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725939914&x-signature=R481PBl7Xw77B%2Fb0kSjOi9jyRfw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科技和社会的发展让人们前所未有地<span style="color: black;">注重</span>自己的身份认知和社会认知,追求平等<span style="color: black;">已然</span>贯穿到<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>在内的各个方面。出海企业想要利用<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>赢得多元化的消费受众,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>需要<span style="color: black;">把握</span>:平等、尊重、严谨这几个关键词。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,面对陌生的市场环境,出海企业要<span style="color: black;">保持</span>以<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>和多元的营销策略为核心,避免含有种族和性别方面含有暗示或排他性的内容。这不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>企业更加快速地融入新市场,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让企业更快<span style="color: black;">得到</span>当地消费者信任和<span style="color: black;">创立</span>良好的品牌形象。</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">参考</h1>Gender bias in advertising, Think with GoogleNews-insights, Wunderman Thompson‘Girl boss’ advert banned for gender stereotyping, BBC news2020 Edelman Trust Barometer Specl Rept Brands and Racial Justice in AmericaKim Kardashian West renames Kimono brand amid outcry, The GuardianHow Inclusive Data Builds Stronger Brands, Think with Google
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