跨境电商的背面
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:中国经营报</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q9.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240821/58616b43da1c4c548db6c21516c373a0.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国经营报《等深线》记者 颜世龙 青岛<span style="color: black;">报告</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海关总署<span style="color: black;">近期</span>发布的最新数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,上半年,中国跨境电商进出口1.22万亿元,同比增长10.5%,高于同期我国外贸整体增速4.4个百分点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>海关每年监管的跨境电商、跨境邮件快件包裹量达70多亿件,平均下来,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>有2000万件<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。”海关总署统计分析司司长吕大良在前不久国务院<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>办公室举行的“推动高质量发展”系列主题<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>发布会上说,跨境电商<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>拉动我国外贸增长的新动能,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>贸易发展的“新势力”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《等深线》记者<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到,一方面是跨境电商爆发式增长,而另一方面,跨境电商卖家却面临配套不足的制约短板。以物流海外仓为例,经常性丢货,被踢皮球式的来回推责,损失求告无门而后渐渐沉默,<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>行业的标配流程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“最多的时候5箱货丢4箱”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“今年5月15日和31日,我<span style="color: black;">经过</span>青岛的货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>向<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>美国休斯顿的橙联海外仓分别发了5箱和7箱货,其中5月15日发的货<span style="color: black;">表示</span>6月11日签收,但丢失了4箱,而5月31日发的货<span style="color: black;">表示</span>6月24日签收,但丢失了1箱。”日前,山东的一位跨境电商卖家向记者无奈地说。而经过他长达一两个月多次和货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>、物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>、海外仓等方面进行沟通,均<span style="color: black;">没法</span>找到丢失的货物。“即便只按进货成本来算,损失的货物价值<span style="color: black;">亦</span>达几万元。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该卖家<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,海外仓方面向其反馈<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“未收到货物”,并为其开具了未收到货物证明。而物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>则<span style="color: black;">表示</span>货物<span style="color: black;">已然</span>送达,并有签收证明。青岛的货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>无能为力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,卖家是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>青岛兴百盛国际物流有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“兴百盛<span style="color: black;">机构</span>”)以海运的方式从中国港口运往美国港口,货物到达美国港口后再由美国联邦快递(FedEx)派送至橙联股份的海外仓。正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,货物到达海外仓后,卖家方可上架并进行线上<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">天眼查<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,兴百盛<span style="color: black;">机构</span>成立于2018年,法人为邵斐轲,注册资本为认缴500万元,实缴为0,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>社保信息<span style="color: black;">表示</span>为4人,注册<span style="color: black;">位置</span>为青岛市城阳区,是一家以从事多式联运和运输代理业为主的企业。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国联邦快递(FedEx)官网<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,FedEx Express是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最大的快递运输<span style="color: black;">机构</span>之一,为220多个国家和地区<span style="color: black;">供给</span>快速、<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的快递服务;橙联股份官网<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,橙联股份是一家服务<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>跨境电商的科技<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,致力于<span style="color: black;">经过</span>市场分析、系统<span style="color: black;">开发</span>及资源整合,为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>物流、金融、大数据等多方面的服务<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,为<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>跨境电商<span style="color: black;">供给</span>高品质、全方位的服务<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。橙联股份由国内私募股权投资<span style="color: black;">公司</span>中信产业基金和美国跨境电商平台eBay联合成立,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>为跨境电商卖家客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>物流服务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">类似丢货<span style="color: black;">状况</span>并非个例。有其他卖家<span style="color: black;">亦</span>向记者<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,自己的货物发到美国在派送时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>丢失<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。“我是用的另一家美国的物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,当时丢了一箱价值3000元人民币的货物,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>只赔付了100美元。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而记者<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,在中国的多个社交及短视频平台,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不少博主反映类似事件。更有不少业内博主<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>科普丢货后<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>找回、能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>找回、<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>索赔等事项。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“很奇怪的是,货物不是<span style="color: black;">所有</span>丢失,而是丢一部分,另一部分却正常上架。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>FedEx<span style="color: black;">亦</span>确实出具了所有货物的签收单,签收单上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有签收人‘LLILY’的名字。”该卖家说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为此,《等深线》记者就<span style="color: black;">这事</span>分别采访了兴百盛、FedEx和橙联股份。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">兴百盛<span style="color: black;">机构</span>负责人邵斐轲在接受记者采访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,FedEx官网<span style="color: black;">表示</span>货物正常提取,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>正常签收了。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>是橙联海外仓的问题,还是FedEx物流的问题,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>说,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,有可能是海外仓的问题。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span>走<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>货,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是物流出问题应该会有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>这种类似<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>几单<span style="color: black;">显现</span>类似<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span>海外仓<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">联邦快递<span style="color: black;">机构</span>方面在<span style="color: black;">回复</span>记者采访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,货件的安全是联邦快递最优先<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的事情。联邦快递<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>货件所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">不方便</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>遗憾。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>正在<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>调查并处理<span style="color: black;">这事</span>,会<span style="color: black;">即时</span>和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>托运方协商妥善<span style="color: black;">处理</span>此问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">联邦快递<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>负责人<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,该卖家是直接<span style="color: black;">经过</span>第三方货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>进行发货,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>再<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>给联邦快递美国<span style="color: black;">机构</span>进行派送,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说该卖家不是联邦快递的直接客户,卖家<span style="color: black;">能够</span>找货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>来确认货物短少的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>以及<span style="color: black;">原由</span>、<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>、理赔等,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>是直接的合同关系。“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>接到了卖家的反馈,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>运输的签收<span style="color: black;">表示</span>的是正常,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>说<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>货物的丢失是在海运的过程中,还是在其他什么<span style="color: black;">地区</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了问题,<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>帮忙去调查。但其实从理赔的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,还是需要卖家跟货物代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>去确认<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">橙联股份方面就此<span style="color: black;">回复</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>一贯<span style="color: black;">注重</span>客户的声音,致力于服务质量的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>。该卖家货物丢失<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>在内部积极调查处理中,如核实为橙联责任,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将按与客户<span style="color: black;">签定</span>的协议处理。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>此次类似事件,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会采取专属售后客服服务、调查<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>此次事件为橙联方面责任,将会<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>责任约定进行赔偿和退款。总之,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>任何<span style="color: black;">一块</span>丢失事件,都会采取一切必要的调查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>以<span style="color: black;">处理</span>客户的问题,及<span style="color: black;">守护</span>客户的正当利益,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>客户对橙联的最大信任和满意度。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>卖家客户<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>在抵达橙联海外仓的头程物流段购买货物运输保险,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>货物因头程物流商丢失或受损时的相应权益。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>货物签收人“LLILY”到底是谁的问题,<span style="color: black;">以上</span>联邦快递<span style="color: black;">关联</span>负责人说:“肯定是签收人做签收。”邵斐轲则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,在联邦快递美国<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>卡车派送才需要仓库方工作人员在纸质单据上签字,而像该卖家的案例属于正常的快递,则不需要仓库方工作人员签收,而是默认条款,即默认送到后采取电子方式签收。当记者询问该默认条款是归属于哪家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>时,邵斐轲说:“这属于联邦快递的默认条款。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“不丢货才不正常”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国际物流行业资深人士在受访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,丢货现象在国外非常<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说,不丢货才<span style="color: black;">显出</span>不正常。他举例<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,客户有100箱货捆在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,有的快递员为了偷货会从中间偷空,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再把货物给打散,到了目的地直接放下就走,而仓库方<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会清点货物数量,而是物流方送来多少货<span style="color: black;">她们</span>就给上架多少。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">由于</span>丢货事件太多,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>卖家<span style="color: black;">常常</span>都用厚厚的深颜色的纸箱子或袋子装货,外观上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何标识,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>防止被快递员看到里面是什么<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。这<span style="color: black;">实质</span>是<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了中国卖家的成本,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不采用这种方式,一旦被快递员看到里面装的是什么,而这个货物又是值钱的,那就很可能被偷。”该资深人士说,“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有个客户往英国寄充气帐篷,一个帐篷价值一两千美元,而快递了三次买家都<span style="color: black;">无</span>收到。其实国外从事快递行业的都是社会底层人员,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这种事情难以避免。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“跨境电商和跨境电商物流这几年在蓬勃发展的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说鱼龙混杂,比较混乱。”即便行业资深者刘孝斌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>发出了如此感慨。2006年,刘孝斌辞去公职,下海后<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一名外贸创业者,传统外贸和跨境电商均有涉足,12年后又<span style="color: black;">经过</span>法考,转型<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一名专注国际贸易和跨境电商<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的涉外律师,如今他是深圳律协电子商务法律专业委员会委员、北京市盈科(深圳)律师事务所的跨境电商和国际贸易法律事务部副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>。<span style="color: black;">数年</span>来,他实践、亲历、观察着这个行业。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘孝斌在接受记者采访时说,跨境电商卖家和跨境电商物流企业之间的合同<span style="color: black;">通常</span>属于多式联运合同。跨境电商卖家<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会将货物<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>给一家货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,而货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>会为这些卖家<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一条龙式的服务,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将其理解为一个“总包商”,这个“总包商”会负责将卖家的货物以海运<span style="color: black;">或</span>空运等形式发往海外,当货物到达国外港口后,再<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>当地清关行进行进口清关,清关后<span style="color: black;">通常</span>再<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>给当地快递<span style="color: black;">机构</span>派送到卖家在目的地国家的海外仓。而卖家的海外仓可能是各大跨境电商平台自有的海外仓,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能是卖家自己租赁的海外仓,还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>大的卖家会自建海外仓。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘孝斌<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>容易丢货,一是这个过程链条很长。二是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>链条长,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>牵扯的主体<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较多,关系<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。三是跨境电商行业虽然<span style="color: black;">已然</span>发展了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年,但真正呈现爆发式增长<span style="color: black;">便是</span>近几年,跨境电商物流<span style="color: black;">做为</span>跨境电商的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>服务商,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是这几年<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>着跨境电商的发展而高速增长,加之这个行业的门槛比较低,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>难免会参差不齐、鱼龙混杂。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>跨境电商物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>是“<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>店”性质在营业,可能注册资本几百万元,但实缴资本为0,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>参加社保的<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>就几个人。虽然<span style="color: black;">她们</span>规模小、能力有限,但承担的责任很大,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>所承运的这票货可能很值钱,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>赔不起,可能连<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都不要了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240821/0bbf2261daba498aa44539bfd98662c6.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“实践中,这些小的货运代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>并不是直接与船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>打交道,而是层层转<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>最后才拿到船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的仓位,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>经过长长的链条将货物送抵目的地,有时候<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>货物丢失在哪里。”刘孝斌说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了店小、层层转<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>外,卖家<span style="color: black;">常常</span>还有另一种“坑”在等待着<span style="color: black;">她们</span>。刘孝斌说,还有一种丢货方式是被目的地国家或地区的海关查扣。有些货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会开出极低的价格来从卖家手里接过订单,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将卖家的货物和<span style="color: black;">有些</span>危险品、违禁品<span style="color: black;">绑缚</span>成一票货“冲关”,而当被国外的海关查验后,则必然要对该票货物进行处罚和统一销毁,<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>会拿着国外海关开具的处罚<span style="color: black;">通告</span>告诉跨境电商卖家货物<span style="color: black;">由于</span>违规被销毁,主张免责。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“理论上货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>应该将各个托运人的货物单独报关,但实践中<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能会将众多货物<span style="color: black;">绑缚</span>统一报关。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有些货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>愿意以极低的价格来为跨境电商卖家服务,是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>赚的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>是运输危险品、违禁品的钱,而卖家的普通货物可能只是充当一个<span style="color: black;">掩盖</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。”刘孝斌说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基于跨境电商货运代理行业的乱象,刘孝斌说,卖家要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>做到事前规避<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,而不是事后索赔,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>事后<span style="color: black;">常常</span>维权成本过于<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>。他<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,一是要对货运代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>进行背景调查,既要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>天眼查、企查查等<span style="color: black;">商场</span>APP<span style="color: black;">查找</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要到中国裁判文书网、中国执行信息公开网<span style="color: black;">查找</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,其实<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>是“伤痕累累”。“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是货值<span style="color: black;">很强</span>或要<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>合作,还应当实地去货运代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>考察一下。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二是要与货运代理、海外仓等<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span>完整规范的合同,这一点非常重要。虽然实践中,即便双方<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span>书面合同<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并不影响权利的主张,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>双方有<span style="color: black;">微X</span>等聊天记录<span style="color: black;">能够</span>证实有合同关系,但完整规范的合同<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会约定清楚双方的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>权利义务,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>很关键的一点,即货物丢失、货损或时效延迟的赔偿标准。刘孝斌说:“跨境电商物流行业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常内卷,卖家大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>时候<span style="color: black;">做为</span>甲方<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>相对<span style="color: black;">优良</span>地位,是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>和物流、海外仓等<span style="color: black;">机构</span>进行谈判的。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,即使是对方比较强势,对方的合同<span style="color: black;">没法</span>修改,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>要审查清楚合同,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>自己的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“做到以上两点,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>就能规避大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>。”刘孝斌说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘孝斌还<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>提醒,当卖家在与货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>、海外仓<span style="color: black;">签定</span>合<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会面临另一重陷阱。“<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要看合同的相对方<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是谁,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候货运代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>海外仓<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会以<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>的名义与卖家<span style="color: black;">签定</span>合同,而这个<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>可能是一家境外<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">重视</span>这一点的话,到时候即便中国法院判决胜诉,<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>难以执行。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">实践中,中国大陆的法院<span style="color: black;">针对</span>跨境电商物流<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的纠纷<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是有管辖权的。之<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>中国卖家<span style="color: black;">选取</span>放弃维权,很大的一部分<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是维权成本<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>。“其实<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>类似的案例其货值标的并不高,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到诉讼费、律师费以及诉讼周期等,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>几万元的货值<span style="color: black;">常常</span>只能自认倒霉。”而<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>到海外起诉,其维权成本更高。“欧美的律师收费<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是按时间收费,哪怕人民币一两百万元的货值可能还<span style="color: black;">不足</span>支付律师费。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">让“无主行业”再飞一会儿?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>跨境电商卖家所遇到的问题,记者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">以上</span>案例分别向青岛市邮政管理局和交通运输局发出采访<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。青岛市邮政管理局<span style="color: black;">关联</span>负责人<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>监管的是快递企业,而该卖家可能是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>大宗货物物流的方式向国外发货,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>进行监管。“<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>货物是从青岛发出,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>货物从头到尾都<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>一家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>承揽,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行监管,但问题是<span style="color: black;">关联</span>卖家的货物是分别由多家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>进行运输,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>事情是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在国外,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>超出了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的监管权限。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">青岛市交通运输局<span style="color: black;">关联</span>工作人员<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,兴百盛<span style="color: black;">机构</span>注册地是在城阳区,而市交通运输局管辖地是市内三区,即市北区、市南区和李沧区。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>问题还应向城阳区交通运输局询问。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">城阳区交通运输局<span style="color: black;">关联</span>工作人员在<span style="color: black;">回复</span>记者采访时说:“国际物流属于无主行业。什么叫无主行业?<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说它<span style="color: black;">无</span>行业管理<span style="color: black;">分部</span>。业务开展<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不需要<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>许可。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>这属于<span style="color: black;">商场</span>纠纷,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>双方协商不成,应该向法院提起诉讼。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘孝斌认为,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>监管层面可能<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内难以出台<span style="color: black;">关联</span>严格的制约性政策。法律<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是滞后的,在行业快速发展<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,还是应当<span style="color: black;">经过</span>行业实践和司法实践进行逐步规范和完善,最后再<span style="color: black;">提升</span>到立法层面比较好,否则可能会对行业发展形成副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。“我倾向于监管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>再等一等,让子弹再飞一会儿。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>政府<span style="color: black;">分部</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>并非只能袖手旁观,刘孝斌<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,监管<span style="color: black;">分部</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>为跨境电商行业制定统一的物流合同范本,就像住建<span style="color: black;">分部</span>会为买房人、租房人<span style="color: black;">供给</span>合同范本类似,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,对跨境电商和跨境电商物流行业进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>的普法宣传,这在很大程度上能降低各方<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">商务部<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院电子商务所所长杜国臣在受访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>海外货物丢失问题确实比较多,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>几乎是<span style="color: black;">无</span>更好的监管办法。跨境电商<span style="color: black;">区别</span>于传统的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>外贸,传统外贸都会购买货运险,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>从业人员、中间的服务人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都非常完善和专业,即便<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题,责任<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会划分得非常清楚。但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>从事跨境电商的卖家是缺少中间服务商来支撑的,是被直接推向了前端,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>中的<span style="color: black;">都数</span>属于中小商家,并不具备国际贸易等专业知识,一旦遇到问题,面对<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>而难懂的流程<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不善于和不敢维权。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">杜国臣指出,国家<span style="color: black;">注重</span>跨境电商行业的发展,不仅要推动跨境电商卖家发展,更要关注为这些卖家服务的中间服务商的发展,要加强跨境电商生态的建设发展,这<span style="color: black;">包含</span>法律、物流、海外仓、报关、税务等各个方面,尤其是要<span style="color: black;">注重</span>中国自己的海外仓和海外物流体系的建设,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>避免受制于人。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>不建设完善的生态,将来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“瓶颈”。<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的海外仓<span style="color: black;">都数</span>还是以亚马逊等各大平台自建为主,而<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>自己的海外仓等配套太少了,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>建得多了,就会让行业形成完全竞争,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>各家就会拼服务、拼安全、拼效率,跨境电商卖家才<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>市场<span style="color: black;">行径</span>去<span style="color: black;">选取</span>和淘汰落后企业。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“中国的快递物流行业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是经过‘双11’‘618’等几十亿包裹考验出来的,而美国人口少于中国,虽然<span style="color: black;">关联</span>物流体系<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很发达,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是难以招架来自中国越来越多的货物。”杜国臣说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,商务部等9<span style="color: black;">分部</span>于今年6月印发的《关于拓展跨境电商出口推进海外仓建设的意见》指出,要积极培育跨境电商经营主体、加大金融支持力度、加强<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>和物流体系建设、优化监管与服务和积极开展标准规则建设与国际合作。</p>
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