一篇搞定——外贸业务全流程
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一笔完整的外贸生意是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>做成的？关于外贸业务全流程，相信<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>外贸新人<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>还是云里雾里。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">今天<span style="color: black;">博主</span>就为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>梳理<span style="color: black;">有些</span>外贸出口流程的入门知识，<span style="color: black;">供给</span>最<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的外贸流程，方便<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对外贸理解得更加透彻，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>在做业务的过程中，<span style="color: black;">才可</span>够更好地<span style="color: black;">统一</span>安排，把控各个环节。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">询盘</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">即从 B2B、Google、Facebook、展会、老客户等途径得到的询盘，询盘的内容可<span style="color: black;">触及</span>：价格、规格、品质、数量、包装、装运以及索取样品等，而<span style="color: black;">都数</span>只是询问价格，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为询价。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的询盘攻略：关注公众号回复关键词 “ 01 ” ）</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">报价</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在国际贸易的过程中，最先的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>报价。报价内容<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有：<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的质量等级、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的规格型号、<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有特殊包装<span style="color: black;">需求</span>、所购<span style="color: black;">制品</span>量的多少、交货期的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的运输方式、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的材质等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">常用的报价有：FOB 船上交货、CNF 成本加运费、CIF 成本、保险费加运费等形式。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的报价攻略：关注公众号回复关键词 “ 02 ” ）</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">签定</span>合同</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在国际贸易中，买卖合同<span style="color: black;">无</span>固定的形式。</p><span style="color: black;">通常</span>有正式的合同书，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有确认书、协议书、备忘录、订单、<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>订购单等等。除非一方声明“以签约为准”，以上的这些都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>认为是合同。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">付款方式</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比较常用的国际付款方式有三种，即信用证（L/C）、电汇（T/T）和直接付款。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">信用证付款方式</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。跟单信用证<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>附有指定单据的信用证，不附任何单据的信用证<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>光票信用证。简单地说，信用证是<span style="color: black;">保准</span>出口商收回货款的文件。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">TT 付款方式</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">TT 付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算，由客户将款项汇至贵<span style="color: black;">机构</span>指定的外汇银行账号内，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>货到后一<span style="color: black;">定时</span>限内汇款。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">直接付款方式</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>买卖双方直接交货付款。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">5</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">备货</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">备货<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">便是</span>采购货物或下定单到工厂生产货物，在备好货后要经过国家进出口商品检验检疫局的检验，否则<span style="color: black;">没法</span>报关出口。</p>备货须<span style="color: black;">根据</span>合同来进行。货物的质量、规格、数量、包装等等要符合合同或信用证的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了<span style="color: black;">保证</span>质量和交货<span style="color: black;">无</span>问题，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会派专门的人员（如：跟单、QC）去工厂<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>生产，检验货物。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有老外指派的专门验货的<span style="color: black;">公司</span>（第三方），<span style="color: black;">例如</span> SGS，OMIS，BV 等来验货。</p>在生产结束，货物装箱完毕后，工厂要<span style="color: black;">供给</span>装箱单给外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">报关</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>要跟海关打交道，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>报关，获取通行证，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>接受申报、审核单证、查验货物、征税、结关放行等几道手续。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">7</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">货运</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">报关完成后，接下来便是货运了，需租船订仓，把货交给客人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">需尽早尽快地与货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>联系，<span style="color: black;">通知</span>发货<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，<span style="color: black;">认识</span>将要出口货物的出口口岸，船期等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要把工厂的交货时间和船期准时衔接（准时进仓），达到客人规定的交货期，尽早在交货期之前向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>发出书面定仓<span style="color: black;">通告</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>定仓时，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要书面定仓（如传真），注明所定船期，柜型及数量，目的港等内容，以避免差错。</p>工厂在装货完毕，集装箱离开工厂后，需要一份装货<span style="color: black;">通告</span>，上面列明集装箱离厂时间、<span style="color: black;">实质</span>装货数量等，并将装箱号码和封条号码<span style="color: black;">做为</span>提单的资料，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂装好集装箱后<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要上封条。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">8</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">提单</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提单是出口商办理完出口通关手续、海关放行后，由外运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签出、供进口商提货、结汇所用单据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所签提单<span style="color: black;">按照</span>信用证所提<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的份数签发，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是三份。出口商留两份，办理退税等业务，一份寄给进口商用来办理提货等手续。</p>进行海运货物时，进口商必须持正本提单、箱单、发票来提取货物（须由出口商将正本提单、箱单、发票寄给进口商）。若是空运货物，则可直接用提单、箱单、发票的传真件来提取货物。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">9</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结汇</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出口货物装出之后，进出口<span style="color: black;">机构</span>即应<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证的规定，在信用证规定的交单有效期内，递交银行办理议付结汇手续。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">10</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">核销</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">加工贸易的核销<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>加工贸易单位在合同执行完毕后将《加工贸易登记手册》、进出口专用报关单等有效数据递交海关，由海关核查该合同项下进出口、耗料等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，以确定征、免、退、补税的海关后续管理中的一项业务。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">11</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">退税</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出口货物退税，简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>出口退税，指对出口商品已征收的国内税部分或<span style="color: black;">所有</span>退还给出口商的一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是国际惯例。其基本含义<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>对出口货物退还其在国内生产和流通环节<span style="color: black;">实质</span>缴纳的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>税、增值税、营业税和<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>消费税。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出口退税（Export Rebates）制度，是一个税收的重要<span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分。出口退税<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>退还出口货物的国内税款来平衡国内<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的税收<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>，使本国<span style="color: black;">制品</span>以不含税成本进入国际市场，与国外<span style="color: black;">制品</span>在同等<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下进行竞争，从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>竞争能力，扩大出口创汇。</span></p>
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