全国肿瘤防治宣传 湖南省卫健委健教中心: 肺癌初期筛查的要紧性和方式选取
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">编者按:2024年4月15—21日是第30个全国肿瘤防治宣传周。今年宣传周的主题是“综合施策,科学防癌”。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>2023年度湖南省肿瘤登记年报数据,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论发病率还是死亡率,肺癌都居于恶性肿瘤首位。湖南省卫生健康委健康教育宣传中心特邀湖南省肿瘤医院胸内一科张乐蒙<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师,从肺癌综合预防、高危人群筛查、诊治核心知识、<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>与生活调适、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>健康等进行肺癌防治知识系列科普。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性和方式<span style="color: black;">选取</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在肺癌典型症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>之前,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>特定<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,对<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状人群进行<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和诊断。筛查目的是<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺癌,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗效果,延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong style="color: blue;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性。</strong>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,当被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在肺癌症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>之前<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺癌,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>率。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的肺癌,肿瘤体积较小,未<span style="color: black;">出现</span>远处转移,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采用手术切除等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>实现根治,治疗效果较好,预期<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>改善。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong style="color: blue;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的方式<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</strong>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的方式<span style="color: black;">包含</span>低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)、胸部X片、血清肿瘤标志物等。在<span style="color: black;">选取</span>筛查方式时,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的年龄、吸烟史、家族史、职业暴露史等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,以及<span style="color: black;">各样</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的优缺点,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>个性化的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>高危人群,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>LDCT进行筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">LDCT是一种常用的肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高分辨率、<span style="color: black;">没</span>创、低辐射剂量的特点,能够<span style="color: black;">表示</span>肺部结构、检测到非常小的肺部结节,<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌的诊断<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较高的敏感性。<span style="color: black;">做为</span>非侵入性<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和不适较小。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,LDCT筛查<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低肺癌死亡率。虽然低剂量CT的辐射剂量较普通CT低,但多次筛查仍会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>辐射暴露。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,检测到<span style="color: black;">没</span>害的良性肺部结节,会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>不必要的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和治疗,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>心理焦虑和<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>在高危人群进行常规筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胸部X片是一种简单、经济的筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺部肿块、结节等<span style="color: black;">反常</span>影像。然而,其分辨率低,<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性差,容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>漏诊。血清肿瘤标志物检测适合于高危人群筛查,血液样本采集相对简单,接受度高。但肿瘤标志物可能受多种<span style="color: black;">原因</span>影响<span style="color: black;">显现</span>假阳性或假阴性结果。肿瘤标志物检测<span style="color: black;">反常</span>改变<span style="color: black;">没</span>法确定肿瘤<span style="color: black;">详细</span>位置,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong style="color: blue;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>。</strong><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟、二手烟暴露、空气污染暴露、职业暴露等高危人群,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>从50岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,每年进行一次LDCT筛查。符合以下<span style="color: black;">前提</span>为高危人群:吸烟≥20包年(<span style="color: black;">每日</span>吸烟包数×吸烟年数)或被动吸烟≥20年,若<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>已戒烟,戒烟时间不超过5年;有<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>职业致癌物暴露史,例如石棉、焦炉逸散物和煤烟等肺癌致癌物;直系亲属<span style="color: black;">身患</span>肺癌;<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>其他系统恶性肿瘤;有慢性炎症性肺部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、肺结核、肺纤维化等。而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康人群,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不<span style="color: black;">意见</span>常规进行肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在有资质的医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>进行,由专业的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>进行操作和<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>结果进行随访<span style="color: black;">指点</span>。综合医院或肿瘤专科医院都配备LDCT,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌筛查。连续2年筛查阴性的人群<span style="color: black;">能够</span>停止筛查2年,筛查阳性的人群需每年筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查是肺癌预防与<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查,<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺癌,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗效果,延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。在肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查的方式<span style="color: black;">选取</span>上,LDCT是一种较为准确、安全的筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>高危人群,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查,以降低肺癌的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和死亡率。(通讯员 戴晶)</p>
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