【规划设计】城市生态保护红线效应评定与优化策略
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 作者深圳市城市规划设计<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>鄢吴景，华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授、硕士生导师，湖北省城乡规划专家库专家任绍斌，华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院、湖北省城镇化工程技术中心副教授、硕士生导师单卓然在《规划师》2019年第19期撰文，<span style="color: black;">在新时代城市国土空间规划和城镇化绿色转型的双重语境下，生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线划定及管控<span style="color: black;">作为</span>城乡生态空间<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的</span><span style="color: black;">重要手段，然而<span style="color: black;">因为</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线规划的技术<span style="color: black;">办法</span>及管控手段不足，部分城市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线范围内的城乡生态空间<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>存在</span><span style="color: black;">着系统连接性欠缺、格局破碎等问题，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>其生态效应削弱<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>骤减。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，有必要探讨建构生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的技术</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span>，用以<span style="color: black;">评定</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线的规划<span style="color: black;">方法</span>及实施效果。<span style="color: black;">文案</span>以生态网络连接度的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>理论为<span style="color: black;">科研</span>前提，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>分析生态网络连</span><span style="color: black;">接度与生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应之间的内在<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，构建生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>体系，并以此对湖北武穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应</span><span style="color: black;">进行量化<span style="color: black;">评估</span>和问题总结，提出对应性的空间<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>和<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>普适性<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的城市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线优化策略。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[关键词]生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线；生态效应；生态网络；湖北武穴市</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[ <span style="color: black;">文案</span>编号 ]1006-0022(2019)19-0032-07</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[ 中图<span style="color: black;">归类</span>号 ]TU984</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[ 引文格式 ]鄢吴景，任绍斌，单卓然．城市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>及优化策略．规划师，2019(19)：32-38．</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/OtTp1l7An8nJn9djTuVh0238CmCJJk5wvkibDWONG3ASIyOzPfkz1J4SPOlZApicqMNR8FCUMyQI7Csu38z1S6Nw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">生态网络连接度与生态效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>概述</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对生态网络连接度的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在两个方<span style="color: black;">面：①对特定生物种的<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>。以特定生物种的迁</span><span style="color: black;">移扩散、觅食活动和繁殖过程为依据，</span><span style="color: black;">对生物栖息地、生境的生态连接和相互</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">功效</span>程度进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，从生态网络或景观</span><span style="color: black;">格局的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>进行局部结构<span style="color: black;">调节</span>来<span style="color: black;">守护</span>生</span><span style="color: black;">物多样性，如姜广顺等人对马鹿生境网</span><span style="color: black;">络、杨天翔对鸟类边缘种的位移痕迹进</span><span style="color: black;">行了分析<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，并探讨了人类的活动对</span><span style="color: black;">斑块和网络的影响。②对距离阈值的</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>。以环境适应性和生物种的迁</span><span style="color: black;">移扩散为前提，<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的距离阈</span><span style="color: black;">值，计算和<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>阈值下生态网络连</span><span style="color: black;">接度与相应景观结构的变化，对比分析</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">区别</span>斑块在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>连接度下的重要程度和</span><span style="color: black;">生态服务功能。例如，刘常富等人<span style="color: black;">经过</span></span><span style="color: black;">对斑块的种类、连通性指数、组分数和</span><span style="color: black;">整体链接数进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，筛选出适合沈阳</span><span style="color: black;">市的网络连接度阈值；陈杰等人分析</span><span style="color: black;">了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>阈值下斑块的重要指数、组分数</span><span style="color: black;">和连通性指数的变化，以及其对生态网</span><span style="color: black;">络连接度和整体格局的影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对生态效应的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在<span style="color: black;">两个维度：①对典型生态系统服务价值</span><span style="color: black;">和效应的量化。例如，杜瑶等人对森林</span><span style="color: black;">生态系统服务功能、草地生态系统服务</span><span style="color: black;">功能、湿地生态系统服务功能及农田生态</span><span style="color: black;">系统服务功能进行了量化<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。②对</span><span style="color: black;">城市生态系统效应和服务价值的综合研</span><span style="color: black;">究<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。例如，宗跃光等人针对城市景观</span><span style="color: black;">生态价值的边缘效应及城市生态系统服务</span><span style="color: black;">功能的价值结构进行了计量性分析；</span><span style="color: black;">徐剑波等人基于遥感技术的支持，以广</span><span style="color: black;">州市为例更加准确地<span style="color: black;">评估</span>了绿地生态效</span><span style="color: black;">应的空间差异性及其动态变化；吴敏</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>网络连接度、网络渗透度和网</span><span style="color: black;">络密度的“<span style="color: black;">评估</span>三指标”，将生态网络</span><span style="color: black;">与景观格局紧密联系，阐述了城市绿地</span><span style="color: black;">生态网络的效应体系和空间增效途径。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由此可见，一方面，生态网络连接<span style="color: black;">度<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>侧重于探讨特定生物</span><span style="color: black;">体的迁移扩散及生境破碎化，而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>系</span><span style="color: black;">统地从格局和网络的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>探讨<span style="color: black;">区别</span>生态</span><span style="color: black;">核心要素之间生态连接度的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>较为薄</span><span style="color: black;">弱。另一方面，生态效应的理论与<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span>仍未形成统一体系，生态资源及其</span><span style="color: black;">效应的定量分析<span style="color: black;">办法</span>较为单一化，缺乏</span><span style="color: black;">城乡规划的宏观视角，很少从全域全要</span><span style="color: black;">素的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>探讨结构性网络的生态效应，</span><span style="color: black;">难以抓住<span style="color: black;">守护</span>重点，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>在<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>过</span><span style="color: black;">程中缺乏价值<span style="color: black;">目的</span>与空间手段间的有机</span><span style="color: black;">衔接。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/OtTp1l7An8nJn9djTuVh0238CmCJJk5wvkibDWONG3ASIyOzPfkz1J4SPOlZApicqMNR8FCUMyQI7Csu38z1S6Nw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">二</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">生态网络连接度与生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线</strong><strong style="color: blue;">效应的<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（一）<span style="color: black;">生态网络连接度与生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线</span><span style="color: black;">效应的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>性</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生态网络连接度是对网络空间单元<span style="color: black;">相互间生态连续性的一种度量，反映了</span><span style="color: black;">生态功能的有机联系，是一个抽象、相</span><span style="color: black;">对<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被量化的测定指标，应<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span></span><span style="color: black;">结构连接度和功能连接度两个层面。</span><span style="color: black;">其中，结构连接度测定网络的结构特征，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>从网络空间分布中得到反映；而功</span><span style="color: black;">能连接度是网络的功能特征，其与生态</span><span style="color: black;">空间的分布、生态<span style="color: black;">行径</span>及过程密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">表征结构的结构连接度与网络基质的连</span><span style="color: black;">接阻力，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>影响了表征功能的功能连</span><span style="color: black;">接度(图1)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBB82icOVKX3YnibKFtb7tBrjnSTMB44HTdpboWDJxj7Omibp072lV9ibDBg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生态网络连接度的优化有利于生物<span style="color: black;">体的顺利迁移扩散、人类轨迹的生态通</span><span style="color: black;">达，有助于生态网络的生态、文化、休</span><span style="color: black;">憩和经济等多元复合功能的实现。城市</span><span style="color: black;">生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线是城市发展的底线管控区，</span><span style="color: black;">本文将生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线空间看成一个网络</span><span style="color: black;">系统，优先从城市最需要<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的区域出</span><span style="color: black;">发，摘取重中之重。在对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线</span><span style="color: black;">连接度进行量化<span style="color: black;">评估</span>时，将生态节点、</span><span style="color: black;">生态廊道、生态基质的结构连接度和功</span><span style="color: black;">能连接度均<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>在内，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>在<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>可行</span><span style="color: black;">性的前提下，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络</span><span style="color: black;">空间格局的扭转和优化，使其生态服务</span><span style="color: black;">价值和生态效应得到最大限度的发挥，</span><span style="color: black;">从而<span style="color: black;">提高</span>全域生态空间网络的整体效应。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（二）<span style="color: black;">生态网络连接度视角的生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span></span><span style="color: black;">红线“空间—效应”<span style="color: black;">相关</span>系统</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应是对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红<span style="color: black;">线的空间结构体系与功能效应之间内在</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">相关</span>和<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制的探讨，目的是将“效应”</span><span style="color: black;">和“空间”的双重特征进行<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。在评</span><span style="color: black;">价测度方式上，结构性<span style="color: black;">经过</span>空间测度要</span><span style="color: black;">素进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，功能性<span style="color: black;">经过</span>效应测度要素</span><span style="color: black;">进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，空间测度要素既<span style="color: black;">包含</span>用<span style="color: black;">以描述斑块形状<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>度的空间规模、空间</span><span style="color: black;">形状和空间属性等直接可测指标，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>包</span><span style="color: black;">括空间分布和空间<span style="color: black;">关联</span>等间接可测指标</span><span style="color: black;">(表1)。在效应测度方面，本文基于生态</span><span style="color: black;">网络连接度<span style="color: black;">做为</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span><span style="color: black;">的出发点和视角，在既有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果的基</span><span style="color: black;">础上，将生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应测度体系分</span><span style="color: black;">为4个部分：节点效应、流效应、边缘</span><span style="color: black;">效应和网络效应(表2)。其中，节点效</span><span style="color: black;">应源于生态网络节点，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>核心“源”</span><span style="color: black;">斑块和歇脚石斑块；流效应源于生态通</span><span style="color: black;">廊；边缘效应与基质的性质<span style="color: black;">相关</span>；网络</span><span style="color: black;">效应是衡量网络结构<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性的重要标准。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBmTsUXoWhz57ESmgBBiabmGvaCO0XcgQSXnbXM3mcBOITRtXMoCjWIXw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBkEm92guh0QlVHXCIicg1gFGDMNf8Nmh9AZJJwOpRTiasQSxBoia2FIKLw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由此，<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线“空<span style="color: black;">间—效应”<span style="color: black;">相关</span>系统，可借助效应测度</span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果对<span style="color: black;">实质</span>可量化、较易操作的空间规划提出改进方向(图2)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBQpict7xRugjQCPChVz8NUk3FYvo5UoyTMiaOOy0omHVdsNtXiaiagxKZicA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（三）<span style="color: black;">基于生态网络连接度的生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span></span><span style="color: black;">红线效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>技术路线</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基于<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>系统，本文采用“要<span style="color: black;">素—整体”的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>形式，对节点效应、</span><span style="color: black;">流效应、边缘效应和网络效应4 个方面</span><span style="color: black;">分别进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>(图3)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBZ0ibEnODquVH6PbWvcGamxRjoCqLB4uQqXOQibfruoiaRZm725JoYrKxQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) 节点效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">节点效应的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>提取生态节点<span style="color: black;">斑块、核心斑块<span style="color: black;">评估</span>和歇脚石斑块<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span><span style="color: black;">3个部分。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>，以空间数据和生态属性</span><span style="color: black;">数据为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>提取生态节点斑块，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>情</span><span style="color: black;">形下，先<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其重要程度和斑块<span style="color: black;">体积</span>进</span><span style="color: black;">行初步筛选。其次，运用<span style="color: black;">相关</span>长度指数</span><span style="color: black;">POIP<span style="color: black;">办法</span>对核心斑块进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，数值越</span><span style="color: black;">高越好，以区分核心斑块和歇脚石斑块，</span><span style="color: black;">并<span style="color: black;">评估</span>“源”斑块的分布及特点。最后，</span><span style="color: black;">运用介数指数BCI <span style="color: black;">办法</span>对歇脚石斑块进</span><span style="color: black;">行分级，<span style="color: black;">评估</span>数值越高级数越高，以此</span><span style="color: black;">构建节点效应的斑块等级体系，并<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span><span style="color: black;">节点斑块的整体结构和存在问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) 流效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">流效应的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>为：<span style="color: black;">首要</span>以<span style="color: black;">地形坡度/ 高度、地表覆盖类型及生态</span><span style="color: black;">服务价值3个方面因子的栅格叠加构建</span><span style="color: black;">生态阻力模型MCR，从而<span style="color: black;">创立</span>网络的复</span><span style="color: black;">合生态阻力面；其次，基于MCR模型，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>节点斑块最小成本耗费路径来进行</span><span style="color: black;">潜在廊道<span style="color: black;">评估</span>；最后，在重力模型的基</span><span style="color: black;">础上构建斑块间流效应相互关系矩阵，</span><span style="color: black;">去除冗余廊道，继而对廊道的重要性进</span><span style="color: black;">行分级<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3) 边缘效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基质综合重要程度的量化<span style="color: black;">评估</span>反映<span style="color: black;">了基质与斑块、廊道之间的渗透连接关</span><span style="color: black;">系。边缘效应的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>运用AHP 层次</span><span style="color: black;">分析法，构建<span style="color: black;">包括</span>山、水、田、林、湖、</span><span style="color: black;">草和建设用地的基质要素指标体系并确</span><span style="color: black;">定因子权重进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，叠加出生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span></span><span style="color: black;">红线网络基质的重要性等级分布图。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4) 网络效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">借鉴生态网络<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>，参考图论<span style="color: black;">理论和网络分析法，采用网络闭合度、线</span><span style="color: black;">点率、网络连接度(即α、β、γ指数)对</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">状况</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络效应进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>，</span><span style="color: black;">3种指标分别反映了网络的连接性、有效</span><span style="color: black;">性和稳定性(表3)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOB13Tic5xqQhfpNNNeZ6S7dG2TRvL1Jib5XJSJiao1YUkmxeakxgibz3ibg1g/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/OtTp1l7An8nJn9djTuVh0238CmCJJk5wvkibDWONG3ASIyOzPfkz1J4SPOlZApicqMNR8FCUMyQI7Csu38z1S6Nw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">三</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">湖北武穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文所<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的统计数据<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>武<span style="color: black;">穴市社会经济、人口、规划属性等<span style="color: black;">关联</span></span><span style="color: black;">信息数据，空间数据<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>地理信息</span><span style="color: black;">数据和“多规”规划数据，依此<span style="color: black;">创立</span>矢</span><span style="color: black;">量数据库进行分析。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（一）<span style="color: black;">节点效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果：核心节点</span><span style="color: black;">分散，斑块碎化和缺失并存</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">评估</span>，将42个面状特征<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的</span><span style="color: black;">生态节点划分为“7个核心斑块—12个</span><span style="color: black;">二级歇脚石斑块—23个三级歇脚石斑块”</span><span style="color: black;">的节点等级体系。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>比对，歇脚石斑块</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果与核心斑块中剩余35个节点的</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果大体一致(图4，图5)。<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结</span><span style="color: black;">果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，节点均匀度低，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>差异<span style="color: black;">显著</span>；</span><span style="color: black;">节点<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度较高，尤其是分散的小型核</span><span style="color: black;">心斑块；节点结构度较低，一方面部分</span><span style="color: black;">核心斑块( 如武山湖节点) 的<span style="color: black;">周边</span>因缺少</span><span style="color: black;">介数指数较高的歇脚石斑块分流而孤立，</span><span style="color: black;">另一方面西北和东南的节点斑块缺失。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBraFEVIeMK4ZOjc4RIuLTiaA2Ijmib0vSRibvQibHKeibHhuB6G9D7n6RUBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBsa6icY0JtnBos4Msf3l8RAPC3FQS8pR6IYsf1CgC01OyUPY7bSiaKg2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（二）<span style="color: black;">流效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果：东西向廊道</span><span style="color: black;">流弱，长廊道众多</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对重力模型筛选出的重要廊道<span style="color: black;">进行自然断点法分级，<span style="color: black;">创立</span>“8个核心一</span><span style="color: black;">级廊道—10个二级廊道—25个三级廊道—</span><span style="color: black;">44个四级廊道”的廊道等级体系(图6)。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，核心斑块间的一级廊道</span><span style="color: black;">连续度较好；廊道<span style="color: black;">选取</span>度较低，不仅廊</span><span style="color: black;">道共用数量较多，且东西向廊道流弱，</span><span style="color: black;">缺乏与网络的空间连接性；廊道<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度</span><span style="color: black;">较高，红线网络中有13条廊道长度超过</span><span style="color: black;">20000m，尤其是太白湖核心节点，与其</span><span style="color: black;">相连的6 条廊道长度均超过20000m，过</span><span style="color: black;">长的廊道<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了生态的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性和脆弱性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBRnevj5EMyPQ8yyIVn0dDrYExrMEA4icxjMXOyfiblm1TkM5kPia925fuQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（三）<span style="color: black;">边缘效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果：基质分布</span><span style="color: black;">不均，渗透性弱</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">通过对武穴市基质生态空间重要性<span style="color: black;">的分析得出，评分为5分(极重要区域)</span><span style="color: black;">与4分(很重要区域)、3 分(重要区域)、</span><span style="color: black;">2分(相对重要区域) 和1分(不重要区</span><span style="color: black;">域) 的区域分别占总面积的38.31％、</span><span style="color: black;">29.89％、24.81％和6.99％ (图7)。<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span><span style="color: black;">结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，武穴市整体上基质生态环境</span><span style="color: black;">良好，但分布不均。生态绿地如林地、</span><span style="color: black;">草地等<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分布在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区边缘地带，生</span><span style="color: black;">态湿地<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分布在中部和南部，应对不</span><span style="color: black;">同的区域实施<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的策略；渗透度北高</span><span style="color: black;">南低，宜采取相应策略<span style="color: black;">守护</span>和强化<span style="color: black;">区别</span></span><span style="color: black;">基质与不规则斑块、廊道缓冲区的渗透</span><span style="color: black;">连接。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBpSicqOniatcC7LsbCic8mpSiaHBxhGHQficrHDQftQicstnk5tRrdn30yZQQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（四）<span style="color: black;">网络效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果：连通性较强，</span><span style="color: black;">仍有<span style="color: black;">提高</span>空间</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，生态网络的α指数<span style="color: black;">为0.74，较接近理想值1，<span style="color: black;">显示</span>武穴市</span><span style="color: black;">生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线的网络闭合度较高，生物</span><span style="color: black;">体在节点斑块之间<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较多的路径可供</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>，网络整体结构较为稳定，但仍有</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">提高</span>空间；生态网络的β指数为2.07，</span><span style="color: black;">与理想值3 仍有差距，<span style="color: black;">显示</span>武穴市生态</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线的网络连接较为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，节点之</span><span style="color: black;">间<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较好的连接性，但仍存在部分孤</span><span style="color: black;">立点和斑块破碎化的现象；生态网络的γ</span><span style="color: black;">指数为0.725，较接近理想值1，<span style="color: black;">显示</span>武</span><span style="color: black;">穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络的区域连通性较</span><span style="color: black;">好，但覆盖度仍未达到理想状态。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/OtTp1l7An8nJn9djTuVh0238CmCJJk5wvkibDWONG3ASIyOzPfkz1J4SPOlZApicqMNR8FCUMyQI7Csu38z1S6Nw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">四</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">湖北武穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线优化</strong><strong style="color: blue;">策略</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结合<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果，本文<span style="color: black;">经过</span>运用<span style="color: black;">空间格局与生态过程的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>机制和内在</span><span style="color: black;">原理，<span style="color: black;">创立</span>以生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线优化维度、优</span><span style="color: black;">化路径和优化<span style="color: black;">办法</span>为框架的湖北武穴市生</span><span style="color: black;">态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线整体优化思路(图8)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBuDfamSzvqpuMqHbOTIAZWeYhMVP1OZNrIiaSRyNZIxbBrK8Cq6pu5cw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span>优化<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>：依据节点及廊<span style="color: black;">道的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果对网络空间进行增补和修</span><span style="color: black;">复，加强分级<span style="color: black;">归类</span>管控，并在现有的基</span><span style="color: black;">质空间<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>划定红线弹性区，</span><span style="color: black;">细分红线层级，实行全域分区管控，使</span><span style="color: black;">生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络<span style="color: black;">做为</span>底线区融入生态</span><span style="color: black;">安全格局的大背景，防止快速城镇化背</span><span style="color: black;">景下城市建设对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线及重要结</span><span style="color: black;">构性区域的蚕食。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（一）节点效应优化策略</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) 增补歇脚石斑块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，歇脚石斑块的增补有以<span style="color: black;">下3种情形：<span style="color: black;">第1</span>种是过长廊道的网络</span><span style="color: black;">交汇点，此处歇脚石斑块的建设将对物</span><span style="color: black;">种迁徙起到良好的促进<span style="color: black;">功效</span>(如编号为</span><span style="color: black;">43、49 的新增斑块)；第二种是廊道密</span><span style="color: black;">度低或廊道等级低的区域，这些区域需</span><span style="color: black;">要歇脚石斑块的增补来强化连接性(如编</span><span style="color: black;">号为45、50 的新增斑块)；第三种<span style="color: black;">是由于</span></span><span style="color: black;">于核心斑块的分布分散，需在<span style="color: black;">周边</span>适当</span><span style="color: black;">位置<span style="color: black;">增多</span>歇脚石斑块以强化节点间的相</span><span style="color: black;">互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>(如编号为47、53 的新增斑块)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>武穴市的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，本文</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>增补了16个歇脚石斑块(编号为43</span><span style="color: black;">～58)。这些斑块本不属于生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线</span><span style="color: black;">区，本文将生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络<span style="color: black;">安置</span>于全</span><span style="color: black;">域基质生态空间中，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>重要潜在廊道</span><span style="color: black;">的交汇点、<span style="color: black;">周边</span>节点的重要程度和斑块</span><span style="color: black;">空间分布位置予以确定(图9)，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>14</span><span style="color: black;">个林地斑块、2 个湿地斑块(李兴四水库</span><span style="color: black;">和观音湖)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBEgzNs4YgSuEokgV2EuIkbEickMgFEw1icZmtAPT8nsbxgiboMxHDw5PqQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) 加强小型斑块的缓冲区建设。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些斑块在网络连接和结构中<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">重要<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，但却因<span style="color: black;">自己</span>规模较小，斑块</span><span style="color: black;">内部稳定性较弱，生态<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性较高。因</span><span style="color: black;">此，为最大程度地发挥这些节点的生态</span><span style="color: black;">环境效应，<span style="color: black;">提高</span>其生态服务功能，应加</span><span style="color: black;">强小型斑块的缓冲区建设。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>《饮用</span><span style="color: black;">水水源<span style="color: black;">守护</span>区划分技术规范》和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>研</span><span style="color: black;">究，本文将面积<span style="color: black;">少于</span>20hm²断层下的2</span><span style="color: black;">个核心节点的缓冲区设为500m( 斑块外</span><span style="color: black;">围延展距离)，4 个二级节点的缓冲区设</span><span style="color: black;">为300m，1个三级节点的缓冲区设为</span><span style="color: black;">200m，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>生态预留空间，禁止一切与</span><span style="color: black;">生态无关的建设。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3) 实行节点分级、<span style="color: black;">归类</span>管控。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">详细</span>管控上，核心斑块应保持或<span style="color: black;">规划生态价值高的用地类型，禁止一切</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">研发</span>和建设。对二级、三级歇脚石斑块</span><span style="color: black;">应巩固和加强其周边廊道建设，逐步提</span><span style="color: black;">升其生态功能，在<span style="color: black;">周边</span>进行城市建设和</span><span style="color: black;">用地扩张时，宜布局绿地率较高或低冲</span><span style="color: black;">击性的城市用地类型。从建设时序看，</span><span style="color: black;">可<span style="color: black;">按照</span>节点等级体系<span style="color: black;">评估</span>结果，对等级</span><span style="color: black;">高的节点进行优先、重点<span style="color: black;">守护</span>，以此<span style="color: black;">亦</span></span><span style="color: black;">可<span style="color: black;">保准</span>等级较低的节点在后续的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>过</span><span style="color: black;">程中更有成效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（二）流效应优化策略</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) 新增连接廊道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对新增16个歇脚石斑块后的流<span style="color: black;">效应进行再次<span style="color: black;">评估</span>和去除冗余，共新增</span><span style="color: black;">了8条连接廊道，其中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>1条重要廊</span><span style="color: black;">道和7条<span style="color: black;">通常</span>廊道。新增廊道<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>武穴</span><span style="color: black;">市东南部，连接50号斑块和56号斑块，</span><span style="color: black;">分流了3 个核心斑块(李山水库、杨林</span><span style="color: black;">汊湖和武山湖湿地公园) 的负荷，并因</span><span style="color: black;">50、56、58号斑块的设置，使东南区域</span><span style="color: black;">新增了3条廊道，加强了斑块与流之间</span><span style="color: black;">的联系，减缓了核心斑块太白湖的承载</span><span style="color: black;">重担，并<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了东西向廊道流(图10)。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBjCh54naFbz5rsv5UF4fblKOO8ygACgw8ZcsFMOqNVvLpYh3Ieg9S2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从建设时序看，8条连接廊道的增<span style="color: black;">加使<span style="color: black;">全部</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络更具<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>性</span><span style="color: black;">和完整性，但在进行规划时不急于直接</span><span style="color: black;">形成斑块网络，在前期<span style="color: black;">能够</span>先构建小的</span><span style="color: black;">歇脚石斑块，逐步实现由点到线、面、网，</span><span style="color: black;">再产生从空间上到视觉上的联系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) <span style="color: black;">创立</span>廊道缓冲区。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基于<span style="color: black;">关联</span>学者的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，本文分别将廊</span><span style="color: black;">道缓冲区设置成100m、300m、500m</span><span style="color: black;">进行模拟分析，当缓冲区设为300m时，</span><span style="color: black;">建设用地的占比在3 种缓冲区中最少；</span><span style="color: black;">当设为500m时，建设用地比重<span style="color: black;">显著</span>上</span><span style="color: black;">升，并高于缓冲区100m的占比值。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>比对分析，将武穴市生态廊道的缓</span><span style="color: black;">冲区距离设为300m，在<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>中可</span><span style="color: black;">结合<span style="color: black;">目的</span>迁移物种、廊道重要性和下垫</span><span style="color: black;">面<span style="color: black;">状况</span>进行适当<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3) 实行廊道分级管控。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">详细</span>管控上，连接度高的一级廊<span style="color: black;">道<span style="color: black;">重点</span>串联了重要核心湿地斑块，规划</span><span style="color: black;">时应进行严格<span style="color: black;">守护</span>，在适当区域可拓宽</span><span style="color: black;">廊道缓冲区，在建设时序上属于优先重</span><span style="color: black;">点关注区域；连接度中等的<span style="color: black;">2、</span>三级廊</span><span style="color: black;">道以廊道构建和预留<span style="color: black;">守护</span>为主，加强其</span><span style="color: black;">与一级廊道的连接程度，其中荆竹河和</span><span style="color: black;">铁石河两条廊道应与河流两侧的生态斑</span><span style="color: black;">块<span style="color: black;">一块</span>纳入<span style="color: black;">守护</span>范围进行整体管控；连</span><span style="color: black;">接度较低的四级廊道区域，应<span style="color: black;">经过</span>构建</span><span style="color: black;">歇脚石斑块和加强<span style="color: black;">自己</span>生态建设，降低</span><span style="color: black;">生态连接阻力，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生境适宜性，<span style="color: black;">详细</span></span><span style="color: black;">可采取必要的恢复和改善工作来<span style="color: black;">调节</span>局</span><span style="color: black;">部景观结构，以此强化与较高等级廊道</span><span style="color: black;">的对接和联结。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（三）边缘效应优化策略</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) 划定生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线弹性区域。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">弹性区域指在生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>与建设用地<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">研发</span>的空间协调上<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度弹性的</span><span style="color: black;">区域。在城镇化快速发展时期，结合生</span><span style="color: black;">态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线划定的刚性区域和弹性区域</span><span style="color: black;">既能够<span style="color: black;">守护</span>全域生态环境核心区，又不</span><span style="color: black;">会阻碍城市的整体发展。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，将综合</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>为4分和5分的区域进行叠加，并</span><span style="color: black;">加上划定的小型斑块的缓冲区，再减去</span><span style="color: black;">已划定的刚性生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线区域，<span style="color: black;">最后</span></span><span style="color: black;">划出48.89km²的生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线弹性区域</span><span style="color: black;">(图11)。生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线弹性区域<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分</span><span style="color: black;">布在中部湿地公园区、西南部山体林区</span><span style="color: black;">和西南部石漠化区的刚性边界外围，为</span><span style="color: black;">生态核心区向建设用地区域过渡的弹性</span><span style="color: black;">空间，可在生态保持的前提下灵活<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></span><span style="color: black;">和管理。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgXNz6FP98W6sIdu7OgaLOBAXzZqat7RRYIp3eNS5vL1VDdbrZEYqqIjeVvztYQ5tXSmDLkkn5QSA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) 实行生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线分级管控。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线弹性区域的划定，<span style="color: black;">可<span style="color: black;">创立</span>生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线一级刚性区域、二</span><span style="color: black;">级刚性区域和生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线弹性区域的</span><span style="color: black;">三级<span style="color: black;">守护</span>体系。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>级别的红线区</span><span style="color: black;">域<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的重要程度、土地属性和生</span><span style="color: black;">境<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，应对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线划定区域采</span><span style="color: black;">取分级、分重点的管控。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（四）网络效应优化策略</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) <span style="color: black;">创立</span>全域生态安全格局。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">武穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线节点斑块和廊<span style="color: black;">道的有机组合对全域生态系统网络的健</span><span style="color: black;">康生长起到重要的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。基于<span style="color: black;">以上</span>对武</span><span style="color: black;">穴市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线节点和重要生态廊道</span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>分析，结合市域生态空间格局和</span><span style="color: black;">城市发展的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，以重要生态斑块为</span><span style="color: black;">基本要素，构建“一江四库，三湖三区三</span><span style="color: black;">屏障”的区域生态框架(图12)。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网</span><span style="color: black;">络状的生态廊道将<span style="color: black;">重点</span>生态要素进行串</span><span style="color: black;">联，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对核心自然生态斑块进行<span style="color: black;">守护</span>、</span><span style="color: black;">抚育和修复，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>形成网络化和多层次</span><span style="color: black;">的区域生态支撑体系，充分协调城镇与</span><span style="color: black;">自然、生态的关系，维系市域生态空间</span><span style="color: black;">体系的稳定和平衡。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) 实行全域分区管控。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为更好<span style="color: black;">提高</span>全域整体生态质量，提</span><span style="color: black;">供<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的城乡空间发展结构和模式，同</span><span style="color: black;">时促进一产、二产的产业升级转型，本</span><span style="color: black;">文<span style="color: black;">按照</span>武穴市现有生态空间区域的<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span><span style="color: black;">属性和现有的城镇结构，将生态空间格</span><span style="color: black;">局划分为6个功能分区并进行分区管控，</span><span style="color: black;">分别为北部横岗山水土涵养区、西部生</span><span style="color: black;">态林保育区、西南部仙姑山水土保持区、</span><span style="color: black;">东部太白湖湿地<span style="color: black;">守护</span>区、北部生态农业</span><span style="color: black;">发展区和东部生态农业发展区，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>提</span><span style="color: black;">出不同生态空间分区的发展定位及发展</span><span style="color: black;">方向。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">五 结语</strong></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">城市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线<span style="color: black;">做为</span>城市国土空间规划中的底线关键区域，其划定和优化是对生态文明所倡导的新型“人”“地”关系的融合思考。本文<span style="color: black;">经过</span>将生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线网络的“空间”和“效应”双重特征进行耦合，突破了以往“就红线论红线”的思维局限，<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>将红线区域视为“消极空间”圈起来置之<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>，而是将其视为联动的网络格局。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>增补和修复的空间手段，对局部斑块、廊道连接度和格局结构进行扭转与改造，并加强管<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>度建设，对促进全域生态系统网络的可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>与健康发展<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>下一步应探索生态网络连接度<span style="color: black;">做为</span>生态学知识与空间规划的深层纽带联系，<span style="color: black;">持续</span>完善<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>体系，并<span style="color: black;">科研</span>基于生态网络连接度的<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>与其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的综合，进一步深入<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>经济、社会<span style="color: black;">原因</span>对生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应的影响，将使生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>和优化<span style="color: black;">科研</span>更具说服力和实践<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：2019年19期《规划师》杂志</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>编辑：刘晓莹</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审读：刘芳</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span>全文详见《规划师》2019年19期</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">《</strong>城市生态<span style="color: black;">守护</span>红线效应<span style="color: black;">评估</span>与优化策略<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">声明</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《规划师》杂志社<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众订阅号（ID：guihuashizazhi）为非盈利新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>平台，所有转发的非原创图文<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于互联网及新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请<span style="color: black;">通知</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会在24小时内删除。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《规划师》近期<span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span> </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（点击蓝字可查看原文链接） </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">【域外规划】苏黎世“公交联盟”发展</a>模式及其启示</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">【作品鉴析】生态导向下渝东北城镇群空间规划策略</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">【专题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>】成都市红星路轨道交通车辆基地TOD综合<span style="color: black;">研发</span>规划设计实践</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">【专题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>】成都市中心城区轨道交通站点周边共享单车停放空间<span style="color: black;">科研</span></a></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《规划师》杂志社 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">位置</span>：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">邮编：530029</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">tel</span>：0771-2438012</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传真：0771-2436269</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">精</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">彩</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">公众号ID</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">guihuashizazhi</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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