2022年监理考试（土建）目的掌控 网络计划的优化
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第五节 网络计划的优化网络计划的优化可分为</strong>工期优化、<span style="color: black;">花费</span>优化和资源优化三种。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>工期优化</strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>工期优化，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>网络计划的计算工期不满足<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期时，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>压缩关键工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间以满足<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期<span style="color: black;">目的</span>的过程。</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">㈠工期优化<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络计划工期优化的基本<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是<span style="color: black;">在不改变网络计划中各项工作之间<span style="color: black;">规律</span>关系的前提下</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>压缩关键工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间来达到优化<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">在工期优化过程中，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>经济<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的原则，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>将关键工作压缩成非关键工作。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，当工期优化过程中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>多条关键线路时，必须将各条关键线路的总<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间压缩<span style="color: black;">相同数值</span>； 否则，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>有效地缩短工期。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【例】当网络计划的计算工期大于<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期时，为满足工期<span style="color: black;">需求</span>可采用的<span style="color: black;">调节</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>是压缩()的工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A.<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间最长B.自由时差为零<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">C.总时差为零</span></strong>D.时间间隔最小</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【答案】C</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【例】下列关于工程网络计划工期优化的说法中，正确的是()。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A.当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>多条关键线路时，应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>其中一条最优线路缩短其<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间B.应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>直接费率最小的非关键工作<span style="color: black;">做为</span>缩短<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间的对象</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">C.工期优化的前提是不改变各项工作之间的逻辑关系</span></strong>D.工期优化过程中须将关键工作压缩成非关键工作</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【答案】C</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">工期优化<span style="color: black;">过程</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑴确定初始网络计划的计算工期和关键线路。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑵按<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期计算应缩短的时间△T=计算工期Tc-<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期Tr</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑶<span style="color: black;">选取</span>应缩短<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间的关键工作。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>压缩对象时宜在关键工作中<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>下列<span style="color: black;">原因</span>：缩短<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间对质量和安全影响不大的工作；有充足备用资源的工作；缩短<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间所需<span style="color: black;">增多</span>的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>最少的工作。</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑷将所选定的关键工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间压缩至最短，并重新确定计算工期和关键线路。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">若被压缩的工作变成非关键工作，则应延长其<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间，使之仍为关键工作。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑸当计算工期仍超过<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期时，则重复<span style="color: black;">以上</span>⑵～⑷，直至计算工期满足<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期或计算工期已<span style="color: black;">不可</span>再缩短为止。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑹当所<span style="color: black;">相关</span>键工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间都已达到其能缩短的极限而寻求不到继续缩短工期的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，但网络计划的计算工期仍<span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期时，应对网络计划的原技术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>、组织<span style="color: black;">方法</span>进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>，或对<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期重新审定。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【例】关于工程网络计划工期优化的说法，正确的有（）。 A.应分析<span style="color: black;">调节</span>各项工作之间的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>关系</p>应有<span style="color: black;">过程</span>地将关键工作压缩成非关键工作<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">应将各条关键线路的总<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间压缩相同数值D.应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>质量、安全和资源等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>压缩对象</span></strong>E.应压缩非关键线路上自由时差大的工作<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【答案】CD</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">㈡工期优化示例</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【例】已知某工程双代号网络计划如下图所示，现假设<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期为15天，试对其进行工期优化。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/acd42c52892341218addd60cbf0578b9~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=dVu4UZM8vto7lEHXoM%2BctxgyJXM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图中箭线下方括号外数字为工作的正常<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间，括号内数字为最短<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间；箭线上方括号内数字为优选系数，该系数综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>质量、安全和<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>而确定。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>关键工作压缩其<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间时， <span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>优选系数最小的关键工作。若需要<span style="color: black;">同期</span>压缩多个关键工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间时，则它们的优选系数之和</span></strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">（组合优选系数）最小者应优先<span style="color: black;">做为</span>压缩对象。</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑴确定计算工期和关键线路。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50df37a0beaf4f48acec1999a8653630~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=JzplQp%2B%2BcXT0%2BU859aFx3iaQi%2Fk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关键线路为①－②－④－⑥；工期为19天。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑵计算应缩<span style="color: black;">短期</span>为：19－15＝4天；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑶关键线路中优选工作A为压缩对象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑷将工作A的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间压缩2天，工期为18天，工作A变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>非关键工作，违反经济<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>原则；</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e2f42939877413b8dd56926e4347c00~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=c6SFWsuZU8edYs1aVBCWEfHPPZg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">重新压缩工作A<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间1天，工期为18天，但<span style="color: black;">显现</span>两条关键线路，工作A仍为关键工作。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f24afbac4a44583baa5c032bdf25704~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=dF47UZyPdlrrDkZsSkr61OaG5Ko%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑸继续压缩：A和B(2+8=10)；<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">A和E(2+4=6)；</span></strong>B和D(8+5=13)；D和E(5+4=9)；H(10)。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/959ff4bfc88647c28316aa3122aa203c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=uVElzWCU52wJpyoYGSKET9sLI%2BA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">应<span style="color: black;">同期</span>压缩工作A和E各1天，工期为17天，仍为两条关键线路，且工作A和E均为关键工作。工作A和E优选系数变为无穷大。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/29235c0763334345911a717f993db949~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=u540sneUqtBk7%2Fobure4fHhrVMs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑹需要继续压缩2天。B和D(8＋5＝13)，工作H(10)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">选H压缩2天，工期为15天，仍为两条关键线路，且工作H仍为关键工作。已满足<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期，下图即为优化<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f8279244358f45eeb8121a2762ea8f3b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725636288&x-signature=pMqSPeSaJMzVAi40%2BuzUQ3B2sg8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span><span style="color: black;">花费</span>优化</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">花费</span>优化又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>工期成本优化，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">寻求工程总成本最低时的工期安排，或按<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工期寻求最低成本的计划安排的过程</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【例】工程网络计划的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>优化<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>寻求合作()的过程。A.资源<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">平衡</span>时工程总成本最低</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B.工程总成本固定<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下最短工期安排<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">C.工程总成本最低时工期安排</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D.工期固定<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下工程总成本最低</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【答案】C</p>
感谢你的精彩评论，带给我新的思考角度。
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