1fy07h 发表于 2024-8-31 03:34:05

桥梁养护管理数字化—网络级优化和项目级优化


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 2020</span><span style="color: black;">年和</span><span style="color: black;">2021</span><span style="color: black;">年先后两次参加一部桥梁管理系统类的</span><span style="color: black;">CECS</span><span style="color: black;">标准评审，标准中引入了“网络级桥梁管理系统”和“项目级桥梁管理系统”的概念。意思是针对多桥的桥梁管理系统<span style="color: black;">便是</span>网络级，而单桥用的管理系统<span style="color: black;">便是</span>项目级。我给做了基本概念层面的更正，<span style="color: black;">无</span>网络级管理系统和项目级管理系统之分，桥梁管理系统均针对业主管辖的所有桥梁。有“网络级优化”和“项目级优化之”概念，即</span><span style="color: black;">network-level optimization</span><span style="color: black;">和</span><span style="color: black;">project-level optimization</span><span style="color: black;">。事实上，信息化层面的桥梁管理系统<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>维修优化模型，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>嵌入这两个优化模型的。于是我提出既然概念不清，索性就不要把含混的概念写入进去。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>交通运输部路网中心领导说这两个概念很重要，还是写进入为好。既然部里<span style="color: black;">需求</span>写进去，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>便需要从<span style="color: black;">全部</span>数字化桥梁管理体系<span style="color: black;">方向</span>对这个概念向行业有个交代为好。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 大概</span><span style="color: black;">2004</span><span style="color: black;">年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>，某</span><span style="color: black;">985</span><span style="color: black;">高校教授来<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>交流，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>当时正<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>某城市引入西方发达国家的桥梁管理系统。该教授<span style="color: black;">亦</span>认为，针对多桥的桥梁管理系统<span style="color: black;">便是</span>网络级，而单桥用的管理系统<span style="color: black;">便是</span>项目级。当时我以《</span><span style="color: black;">the Pontis Bridge Management System</span><span style="color: black;">》论文中的思路与教授做了简单的商榷，教授不以为然。其实，上面的那篇论文网络上到处都是。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 2006</span><span style="color: black;">年，笔者从美国</span><span style="color: black;">AASHTO</span><span style="color: black;">拿到了</span><span style="color: black;">pontis</span><span style="color: black;">完全版程序的短期<span style="color: black;">运用</span>授权，随着安装盘</span><span style="color: black;">AASHTO</span><span style="color: black;">给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>发来了</span><span style="color: black;">Pontis</span><span style="color: black;">系统的</span><span style="color: black;">technical manual</span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>更加确信了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的理解。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>来看全国范围内可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>笔者<span style="color: black;">得到</span>过此类软件授权和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>技术文档，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>那次<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>美国某著名工程咨询集团担保才得以<span style="color: black;">得到</span></span><span style="color: black;">AASHTO</span><span style="color: black;">的许可。当时可能是对方担心<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>给盗版了吧，给附加了<span style="color: black;">各样</span>防盗版手续，颇有民族自尊心被戳伤的痛感。数字化桥梁管理系统类似于工业软件，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>世界<span style="color: black;">第1</span>桥梁大国，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>是到了应该扎扎实实做些<span style="color: black;">基本</span>性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>搞一个出来的时候了。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 大概<span style="color: black;">这里</span></span><span style="color: black;">10</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">数年</span>前，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>接待过加拿大安大略省交通<span style="color: black;">分部</span>领导来访，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>着重介绍了路面管理系统，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>做了项目级优化和网络级优化的概念划分，其思想主旨与美国桥梁管理系统</span><span style="color: black;">Pontis</span><span style="color: black;">同。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>即是网络级优化针对构件（道路是划分网格），而项目级针对<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的桥梁（或某段路面）。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 为了厘清基本概念，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>从桥梁养护数字化体系架构出发，有几点说明如下：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">）<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>国内好多概念<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于国外，而在概念引进<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>引进技术体系，于是在<span style="color: black;">无</span>体系的前提下概念很容易被误解。还有一点值得提醒，信息化层面的桥梁管理系统<span style="color: black;">无</span>优化模型，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>网络级优化和项目级优化模型是<span style="color: black;">没法</span>内嵌其中的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">2</span><span style="color: black;">）<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>之前说过，桥梁养护管理核心是对维修的决策或优化。而从现实中维修分成<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>和大中修两个层面。美国</span><span style="color: black;">pontis</span><span style="color: black;">系统把维修优化分成</span><span style="color: black;">network
            level preservation analysis</span><span style="color: black;">（针对</span><span style="color: black;">maintenance repair and rehabilitation( MR&amp;M)</span><span style="color: black;">）和</span><span style="color: black;">functional improvement analysis</span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">network level optimization </span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对的仅仅是<span style="color: black;">平常</span>性维修，而非<span style="color: black;">加强</span>性维修的优化</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">加强</span>性（国内大中修）的优化是<span style="color: black;">另一</span>的算法模型。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WwlVOESwBj96riarVUPjKx4kOhfXLKtKAPUjEvsvQGWbcV85icWmRxId4hVG14mSYXoXk0iaeU0nMnEQ61XrdEXhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图</span><span style="color: black;">1 preservation</span><span style="color: black;">示意图</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WwlVOESwBj96riarVUPjKx4kOhfXLKtKA83U9t70tMgkpxPvA7dibnoZ1DJYpoMEXyiaiaVZaTqyyxW4nbobKWvPRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图</span><span style="color: black;">2 improvement </span><span style="color: black;">示意图</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">3</span><span style="color: black;">）网络级优化针对桥梁构件，优化结果是对每类构件——不论其所在的桥梁，——生命周期内，或后推多少年内，最优维修策略集。这个从网络层面优化的结果<span style="color: black;">做为</span>单桥优化的输入，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>在网络层寻求每类构件最佳维修策略，在项目层面进行维修资源的分配。</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表</span><span style="color: black;">1 </span><span style="color: black;">优化类型对应的维修</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">优化类型</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对对象</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">维修的类型</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Network level optimization</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">桥梁构件</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">MR&amp;M </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Functional improvement analysis</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">特定桥梁或部分构件</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大中修</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Project level l optimization</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">桥梁</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">资源分配</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">3</span><span style="color: black;">）之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>维修层面做网络级优化和项目级优化是一种数学上的处理。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>说，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">从统计学<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>整桥退化模型</span></strong>（到处说能够预测桥梁寿命的专家其实挺不负责任的哈，数学<span style="color: black;">规律</span>上站不住脚），<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>构件退化统计模型<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span></span></strong>。二是从统计<span style="color: black;">方向</span>，构件退化统计边界较为清晰，而整桥退化统计边际比较宽泛，过于宽泛的统计模型工程<span style="color: black;">道理</span>不大。第三是因为构件<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>标准化的维修策略，而<span style="color: black;">全部</span>桥梁很难，标准化维修策略的引入能够大大<span style="color: black;">加强</span>桥梁养护决策的效率。这一点可<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考第</span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">章数学工具的<span style="color: black;">选取</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">4</span><span style="color: black;">）构件层面退化模型统计以及维修策略优化需要较为精细化的检测数据颗粒度。以<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内检测数据的结果来看，做此类统计较为困难。<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面存在一个桥梁养护管理数字化上的悖论，是先有数据？还是先有模型或统计思想去<span style="color: black;">指点</span>获取几年的数据？<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>更加倾向于先在数字化理念<span style="color: black;">指点</span>下获取<span style="color: black;">所有</span>构件<span style="color: black;">几</span>年的检测数据，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>统计分析模型和优化模型。桥梁养护数字化绝不可能一蹴而就，是数据与模型算法耦合共进的过程。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; （</span><span style="color: black;">5</span><span style="color: black;">）<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>国内<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不借鉴国外的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和工程经验，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>仍然不提倡<span style="color: black;">无</span>体系架构的前提下去就概念理解概念，误差会很大。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很难把所有被误解的概念放在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>提出体系化的建树出来。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个小小的民间自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>螳臂当车车不自量力非要定义桥梁养护管理数字化的初衷，以期抛砖引玉。</span></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2022</span><span style="color: black;">年</span><span style="color: black;">6</span><span style="color: black;">月</span><span style="color: black;">13</span><span style="color: black;">日</span></p>




qzmjef 发表于 2024-11-5 05:24:54

“BS”（鄙视的缩写）‌

m5k1umn 发表于 昨天 12:10

你的见解真是独到，让我受益匪浅。
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