甲状腺肿瘤可分为四类 甲状腺肿瘤症状有啥
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺肿瘤可分为四类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺肿瘤症状有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？在临床上甲状腺瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>氛围甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺乳头状瘤、甲状腺滤泡状癌、甲状腺髓样癌和甲状腺未分化癌。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺肿瘤症状有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？甲状腺肿瘤<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分为四类</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺乳头状癌：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">青年女性多见，属低度恶性，生长缓慢，多<span style="color: black;">没</span>不适，就诊较晚，平均病程约5年，个别<span style="color: black;">达到</span>30年，故多误诊为良性肿瘤。肿瘤多为单发，质地坚硬，不规则状，边界不清，活动性差。瘤体<span style="color: black;">很强</span>者常伴囊性改变，穿刺可抽出浅棕黄色液体，每易误诊为囊肿；较小者<span style="color: black;">很难</span>触到，常以<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>转移的肿大淋巴结而就诊。晚期肿瘤可侵犯压迫邻近组织器官，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>声音嘶哑，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，吞咽不畅等症状。此型淋巴结转移可<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>，初诊时约半数以上<span style="color: black;">病人</span>已<span style="color: black;">显现</span>转移，血行转移较少见，仅占4%-8.6%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺滤泡状癌：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">常为中年人，多见于缺碘性甲状腺肿流行区，部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有<span style="color: black;">数年</span>结节性甲状腺肿病史。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>病程较长，生长缓慢，<span style="color: black;">少许</span>病人可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>近期生长增快。肿块多为单发、实性硬韧、活动、光滑、边界不清，常缺乏局部恶性的表现。血行转移<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，较少<span style="color: black;">出现</span>淋巴转移，部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>骨转移为初发症状就诊。转移灶癌组织可分化良好，颇似正常甲状腺滤泡结构，有较强的摄碘功能，故有“良性转移性甲状腺瘤”之<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺髓样癌：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此型少见，肿块多局限于<span style="color: black;">一边</span>腺叶，生长缓慢，病程长。髓样癌起源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞，该细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span>合<span style="color: black;">成份</span>泌甲状腺素的功能，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分泌降钙素，前列腺素，5-羟色胺等生物活性物质，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>髓样癌的临床表现与其它类型的甲状腺癌截然不同。约30%的髓样癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有顽固性腹泻，为水样稀便，每日约10次<span style="color: black;">上下</span>，伴面色潮红。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">瘤切除后，腹泻症状消失，复发转移时，腹泻症状又复<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。有10%-20%的髓样癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有家族倾向，并<span style="color: black;">同期</span>伴发多种内分泌<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，例如嗜铬细胞瘤、类癌<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、柯兴氏<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>等，现已证实为正染色体遗传。髓样癌淋巴转移为主，初诊时<span style="color: black;">大概</span>60%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>已<span style="color: black;">出现</span>颈部淋巴结转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺未分化癌：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老年男性多见，是一类高度恶性的肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>大细胞癌、小细胞癌、梭形细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、粘液腺癌等。未分化癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>常有<span style="color: black;">数年</span>甲状腺肿或甲状腺结节的病史，肿块近期突然增大，发展<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，短期内侵犯邻近组织，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>声嘶、呛咳、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、吞咽<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、<span style="color: black;">检测</span>时可见弥漫性双侧甲状腺巨大肿块、质硬、固定、<span style="color: black;">不但</span>滑。颈部淋巴结转移率较高，常易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>血行转移。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺肿瘤症状有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的症状表现</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺腺瘤<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>自觉症状，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>在<span style="color: black;">没</span>意中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>颈前区肿块；常为甲状腺内单个、边界清楚的结节并且<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>完整的包膜，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>从1～10cm不等，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是2～4cm<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛、可随吞咽移动。肿瘤增长缓慢，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一旦肿瘤内<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，体积可<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大，且伴有<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>和压痛，但过一段时间<span style="color: black;">流血</span>吸收后（<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是2～3个月）又会缩小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">少许</span>增大的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>压迫<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>气管受压、移位，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会感到<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>不畅，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是平卧时为甚。胸骨后的甲状腺腺瘤压迫气管和大血管后可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难和上腔静脉压迫症。<span style="color: black;">都数</span>、典型的甲状腺腺瘤不影响甲状腺功能，功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>正常；需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，中老年女性的甲状腺腺瘤常为滤泡性腺瘤，生长<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，血运丰富，常伴有压迫症状，部分往胸骨后生长，术中肿瘤脆而容易破裂，<span style="color: black;">流血</span>多而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>解剖不清，手术难度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>神经损伤致术后声音嘶哑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，甲状腺腺瘤<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>分泌甲状腺素的功能从而<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>甲亢症状，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>：心慌、手抖、多汗、消瘦和易饥等等。这种腺瘤叫高功能腺瘤。一经诊断，尽早手术，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>手术是<span style="color: black;">独一</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分甲状腺腺瘤可<span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌变，癌变率为10%～20%。有下列<span style="color: black;">状况</span>者，应当<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>癌变的可能性：肿瘤很硬；瘤体活动受限或固定；<span style="color: black;">显现</span>声音嘶哑；超声<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>颈部淋巴结<span style="color: black;">反常</span>肿大。其中，肿瘤很硬是一个很准确的指标，<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span>经验的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>做出准确判断。</p>
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