这“碘”知识你晓得吗?大部分人还要必要特意补碘吗?运用碘盐会诱发甲状腺癌吗?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每年的5月15日是全国碘缺乏病防治日。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">碘,是新陈代谢和生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>的必需微量营养素,今天春雨君就来和您聊聊<strong style="color: blue;">这</strong><strong style="color: blue;">“碘”知识:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>要补碘?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相信80、90年代的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>们,肯定是从小吃碘盐<span style="color: black;">成长</span>的;<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还经历过几次疯抢碘盐的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>;那<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要吃碘盐补碘吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>摄入碘过少,会患<span style="color: black;">有些</span>碘缺乏病。而中国因地缘辽阔,部分地区自然环境碘缺乏,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>机体碘营养不良,碘缺乏在人体不同生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的表现形式不大<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240515/aa119cfd0b064f4ca603892756c1f782.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图:全国县级水碘分布(µg/L)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">胎儿期:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">流产、死胎、先天畸形,围产期死亡率<span style="color: black;">升高</span>、婴幼儿期死亡率<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,<span style="color: black;">地区</span>性克汀病,神经运动功能<span style="color: black;">生长</span>落后,胎儿甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新生儿期:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新生儿甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,新生儿甲状腺肿;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">儿童期和青春期:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺肿,青春期甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,亚克汀,智力<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、体格<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,单纯聋哑;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">成人期:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺肿及其并发症,甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,智力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>吃碘盐吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国自2010年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>保持消除碘缺乏病状态。但我国大部分地区外环境(水、土壤等)几乎都缺碘,尤其山区、丘陵、河谷地带、荒漠化地区和河流冲刷地区缺碘较为严重。外环境缺碘的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>很难改变,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>停止补碘,人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>储存的碘最多能维持3个月,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">保持</span>食用碘盐。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240515/9a8da55a46dd46c28c0b26b383656510.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">碘补得越多越好吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然碘对人体健康很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是补得越多越好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">摄入过量的碘,将会扰乱甲状腺的正常功能,既<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺功能亢进,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,孕妇暴露于高碘可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>新生儿甲状腺肿和甲状腺机能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>正确<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>碘?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国营养学会在“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量”(2022版)中的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,健康人<span style="color: black;">每日</span>碘的<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>/适宜摄入量分别为:0-6个月85μg,6个月-1岁115μg,1-10岁90μg,11-13岁110μg,14岁及以上成人120μg,孕妇230μg,产妇240μg。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">水碘在10.0μg/L以下地区,居民应食用加碘食盐,防止碘缺乏<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">水碘在10.0-100.0μg/L地区,国家卫生健康委将<span style="color: black;">创立</span>碘缺乏地区和适碘地区划分标准,为科学、<span style="color: black;">精细</span>补碘<span style="color: black;">供给</span>依据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">水碘在100.0μg/L以上的地区,居民应食用未加碘食盐,高碘病区(水碘在100.0μg/L以上且甲肿率>5%的地区)居民改饮低碘水,预防高碘<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240515/27bf325f1b9a46ba98c9f8c0d709e207.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>孕产妇<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,除了<span style="color: black;">选择</span>碘盐,每周还应摄入1-2次含碘丰富的海<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,如:海带、紫菜、干贝、淡菜、海鱼、海参、海蜇、海虾等,<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做成<span style="color: black;">马铃薯</span>烧海带、紫菜蛋花汤、黄瓜拌淡菜等美味菜肴,例如,用100g鲜海带和50g<span style="color: black;">马铃薯</span>做成的<span style="color: black;">马铃薯</span>烧海带,就含有115μg的碘了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这些人群<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做“减法”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1. 高碘地区居民</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国高碘地区居民的日摄碘量在800~1000<span style="color: black;">μg</span>以上,<span style="color: black;">没</span>需再补碘。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>碘摄入量<span style="color: black;">太多</span>,易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲亢、甲状腺瘤、甲状腺炎、甲状腺囊肿等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2. 甲亢<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>(<span style="color: black;">平常</span>有甲亢、甲状腺炎等)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,因治疗<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>医嘱可不食用或少食用碘盐。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>碘盐会诱发甲状腺癌吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">先上结论:<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>直接证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>食用碘盐或碘摄入量<span style="color: black;">增多</span>与甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240515/8a4dfa1dc3f140609d912c13079ff1c0.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>国家<span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>采取补碘<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论碘摄入量是<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、稳定或下降,甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率都在<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,并且<span style="color: black;">重点</span>以直径<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1.0厘米的微小癌<span style="color: black;">增多</span>为主。相当一部分甲状腺微小癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>惰性<span style="color: black;">发展</span>特点,恶性度低,预后良好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>要听从临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>,进行正确治疗或跟踪观察。甲状腺微小癌在人群中患病率较高,隐匿性大且<span style="color: black;">很难</span>被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。据<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>发达国家的尸检报告,生前未被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的甲状腺癌患病率高达5.6%~35.6%,其中微小癌占到67%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:图虫创意、<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>预防中心</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预防<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>局.全国生活饮用水水碘含量调查报告.2019.05.07.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s5874/201905/bb1da1f5e47040e8820b9378e6db4bd3.shtml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家食品安全<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>专家委员会.中国食盐加碘和居民碘营养<span style="color: black;">情况</span>的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>.2010年5月14日</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.卫生部通报我国碘缺乏病防治工作<span style="color: black;">状况</span>.2011年5月10日. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/201105/51605.shtml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家食品安全<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>中心.实施食用盐碘含量标准知识问答.http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/zswdx/201306/371562ad47f1475ab949f30d53729de5.shtml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家卫生计生委<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预防<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>司.碘缺乏病预防<span style="color: black;">平常</span>问题及解答.2017-05-11.http://www.moh.gov.cn/jkj/s5874/201705/a41d2b19d03f4c59b37eb87a01b51f0a.shtml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家卫生计生委<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预防<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>司.2017年防治碘缺乏病日宣传核心信息.http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s5873/201704/e5a011b9aa93400782d4b167e8c8b71e.shtml?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">于钧,刘鹏,申红梅等.中国部分沿海地区居民碘营养<span style="color: black;">情况</span>调查结果分析.《中华<span style="color: black;">地区</span>病学杂志》, 2011 , 30 (6) :594-597</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2022版).科学出版社</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南2016.人民卫生出版社</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">杨月欣, 王光亚, 潘兴昌.中国<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>表第2版.北京大学医学出版社</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量速查手册(2013版).中国标准出版社</p>
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楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。 回顾历史,我们感慨万千;放眼未来,我们信心百倍。 祝福你、祝你幸福、早日实现等。
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