甲状腺结节的症状以及甲状腺结节的治疗办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>人体颈部正前方的位置，在喉结下方，形似蝴蝶，是人体最大的内分泌腺。甲状腺<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>分泌甲状腺激素的功能，该激素在人体生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>和新陈代谢方面扮演着<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>角色。甲状腺结节(TNS)是甲状腺细胞<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生后在甲状腺组织中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的团块。发病时，甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是一个，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是多个，结节的质地可能是实性的(结节内部为质体组织)，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是囊性的(结节内部充盈着液体)，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>超声(US)、CT、磁共振<span style="color: black;">影像</span>(MRI)和正电子发射计算机,新层昂像(PET-CT)<span style="color: black;">能够</span>判断其<span style="color: black;">体积</span>和类型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节非常<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>并不严重，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>任何症状。在临床中，甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">发展</span>为甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>较少见。有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>触摸到自己颈部前方的结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在大多<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状，甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是正常的。甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">发展</span>为其它甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的概率<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1%。有些人会感觉到颈部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，咽喉部异物感，<span style="color: black;">或</span>存在压迫感。当甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">出现</span>囊内自发性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>时，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>感会更加<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">典型症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状，但有些人会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>结节<span style="color: black;">周边</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、咽喉部异物感和压迫感。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-3d64a663f5e3a14b2f62603080c7f2a3_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">水肿</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>颈部水肿的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">压迫性症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当结节压迫<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织时，可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>声音嘶哑，咽喉部异物感，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，气短、吞咽困难等相应的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">激素<span style="color: black;">关联</span>症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">病人</span>伴有甲状腺功能亢进症时，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>心悸、多汗、手抖和消瘦;伴有甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>症，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>怕冷.全身乏力的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>因人而异，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>先确定结节的性质和功能，以及给<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>不良影响的程度。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>症状的良性结节，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>复诊观察，防止<span style="color: black;">显现</span>癌变;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>有症状的甲状腺结节，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节体积大到<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>吞咽困难，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术切除治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性期治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节不存在急性期。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了吞咽困难和<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>寻求<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性结节</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随访观察。由<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行体格<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>良性结节的<span style="color: black;">体积</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>变化，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺激素<span style="color: black;">控制</span>疗法。本疗法的目的是<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平，防止良性结节进一步增长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>体积<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的甲状腺结节，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>吞咽困难，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难的，<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术切除。</p>
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