业务流程的梳理与重构——进口报关企业合规整改的成败之举
<span style="color: black;">走私类案件<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>办理的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的案件类型之一,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是其中的走私普通货物、物品罪,<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>走私类犯罪中与企业经营<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的高发罪名。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>最高检2022年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的检察业务数据,走私普通货物、物品罪占起诉单位犯罪总数的6.7%,排名第四,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在最高检<span style="color: black;">起步</span>合规试点工作之初,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>对涉走私犯罪的单位进行有效合规整改就已经备受关注,最高检还专门发布了走私犯罪涉案企业合规整改的典型案例。</span><span style="color: black;">其实从犯罪手法来看,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>进口报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的犯罪<span style="color: black;">行径</span>及模式并不隐蔽,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不高超,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>报关时篡改单证信息以达到少缴或不缴税款的目的。<span style="color: black;">为么</span>这么简单的手法始终屡禁不止、难以根除,根源还是在于绝大部分涉案企业报关业务流程过于简单,操作过程严重缺乏监管,而这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对涉案进口报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>实施有效合规整改的关键,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是第三方专家和检察官最关心的问题。梳理及重构进口报关业务流程,以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>进口业务全面合规运行,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>避免涉案企业再次<span style="color: black;">触及</span>走私<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>进口报关业务流程整改“两个基本点”</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">——合同洽商与进口申报</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>接触过的涉嫌走私犯罪的涉案企业,其实都有一套自己的报关操作流程,有些还有书面操作指引。<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题时<span style="color: black;">机构</span>看起来还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>运行,一旦涉案并进入合规整改,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>内部调查<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这些流程存在很大问题,不符合法律的规定,省略关键审批节点,缺乏实质审查等等。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>整改的合规顾问律师,到底应该<span style="color: black;">根据</span>什么样的标准来梳理和重构业务流程?构建的新流程<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能够通过第三方专家和检察官的考察?相信<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>律师都会有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的疑问。但其实问题的答案,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>写在了在<span style="color: black;">有些</span>明文规定的法律法规与行业规范之中。</span><span style="color: black;">在办理进口报关企业合规不起诉项目之初,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就对可能<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>法律法规、行业规范进行检索和梳理,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>辩护时可能接触比较少的法律法规,其实在合规整改中非常重要。例如《海关法》《海关稽查条例》《海关进出口货物报关单填制规范》《海关进出口货物申报管理规定》《关于处理主动披露涉税违规<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>事项的公告》等法律规范,以及国家标准《代理报关服务规范》(GB/T37518-2019)、海关行业标准《报关服务作业规范》(HS/T32-2010)等标准文件,对进口报关企业在进口报关操作中需要做到什么、<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做什么<span style="color: black;">已然</span>做出了非常<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的规定,并且给予了非常<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>参考性的流程性指引。将这些法规、规范<span style="color: black;">做为</span>依据和指引,并充分总结走私类犯罪的辩护经验,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>认为,做好进口报关业务流程的整改,关键在于以下两个基本点:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">规范合同洽商签署环节,以及重构进口申报操作环节。</span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;">一</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">合同洽商签署环节:资信审查与合同管理</strong></strong></span></p>
</span></strong><span style="color: black;">众多的走私案件,最<span style="color: black;">起始</span>都是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>客户提出想要压低进口成本的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,涉案报关企业的业务主管或业务员为了去挽单,才<span style="color: black;">协同</span>客户铤而走险,修改单证,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>被海关查获<span style="color: black;">引起</span>案发的。可见,进口报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的走私<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,很大一部分是<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关的客户。</span><span style="color: black;">例如,在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>办理过的广州进口报关代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的合规不起诉案件中,该企业在业务洽商时<span style="color: black;">无</span>和客户签署任何书面合同,且与其合作的客户大多不具备进行进口贸易的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>资质。<span style="color: black;">引起</span>该企业案发的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>正是与其合作的某不具备进口资质的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>谋求低报<span style="color: black;">暗里</span>串通报关员篡改报关单证,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>被海关稽查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>后人赃俱获。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>从事进口代理报关业务的小企业都<span style="color: black;">无</span>事前进行客户资信审查的习惯,更<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>规范的业务合同管理制度,业务员径行拉拢业务、接洽客户,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>口头或<span style="color: black;">微X</span>聊天等形式约定服务内容的现象屡见不鲜。洽商<span style="color: black;">周期</span>对业务员约束和监管的缺失,容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span>业务员与资质不明的客户<span style="color: black;">暗里</span>串通,从而埋下走私犯罪的隐患。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,有效流程整改的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>构建规范的合同洽商签署流程,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>事前对客户进行充分的资信审查、签署规范的书面合同去约束客户尽到相应的合规义务,以防范客户一方带来的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">在上文<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的《代理报关服务规范》和《报关服务作业规范》中,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>代理报关服务过程中的客户资质审查及代理报关服务合同的<span style="color: black;">签定</span>都有<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的规定,内容涵盖合同的洽商<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>、评审、签署与跟踪执行。在构建合同洽商签署环节的流程时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>参考这些行业规范所设置的环节和内容,来设计严密而又可操作的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>,对客户资信与合同内容进行把关。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yjleQRxCH62Ic2ibiboKuMHqHyL9yFWJDxfU7kc4xlLPCgohWNCAF7CgAZffWnpVqIqUBfbDVUoWZu1oufcDRpHQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图</span><span style="color: black;"> 1:</span><span style="color: black;">合同洽商签署环节流程示例</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将书面的法律法规和行业规范充分结合<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的办案经验,总结出以下几个需要在流程构建时重点关注的环节:</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、客户资信审查须全面</span></strong><span style="color: black;">为防范客户方所带来的违规<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步<span style="color: black;">便是</span>要对客户做好全面的资信审查。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对许多企业的内部调查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,不少企业仅仅<span style="color: black;">需求</span>客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>企业营业资质、进口资质<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的材料,而不对内容的真实性进行进一步审查,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>难免<span style="color: black;">引起</span>资信审查流于表面。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>合法的企业营业资质与货物进口资质是对客户资质最基本的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,要尽可能防止客户一方带来的违法违规<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,这就需要报关企业实质性地审查与<span style="color: black;">评定</span>客户的履约能力与信用,不仅要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>客户企业营业资质、货物进口资质等,还应当<span style="color: black;">认识</span>客户企业的经营<span style="color: black;">情况</span>、财务<span style="color: black;">情况</span>、诚信<span style="color: black;">情况</span>及守法记录。</span><span style="color: black;">例如,在面对初次洽商的客户时,涉案报关企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>营业执照等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>资质材料后,自主前往工商网站<span style="color: black;">查找</span>确认<span style="color: black;">以上</span>材料的真实性,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>业务员进一步去<span style="color: black;">认识</span>客户<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的经营<span style="color: black;">情况</span>与财务<span style="color: black;">情况</span>、信用<span style="color: black;">情况</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、合规<span style="color: black;">保证</span>义务须<span style="color: black;">知道</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">防范客户方所带来违规<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的第二步,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在洽商<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>合同条款等方式<span style="color: black;">知道</span>客户的合规<span style="color: black;">保证</span>义务。</span><span style="color: black;">许多进口报关企业并不会与客户<span style="color: black;">签定</span>规范统一的《进口代理报关服务合同》,<span style="color: black;">无</span>书面文件<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>客户应尽的合规<span style="color: black;">保证</span>义务,报关企业与客户单位的权责<span style="color: black;">没法</span>得到有效划分。</span><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>办理的合规不起诉案件中,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>顾问律师<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">意见</span>涉案报关企业<span style="color: black;">运用</span>统一制式的《进口代理报关服务合同》,在合同条款中约定合规承诺条款,例如:双方<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>事项符合国家的法律、法规;不得利用报关企业的代理报关<span style="color: black;">行径</span>进行违法犯罪活动,应<span style="color: black;">保准</span>进口货物有合法<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,不存在侵犯知识产权的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等。</span><span style="color: black;">除了统一制式的代理报关合同,涉案企业<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>独立的协议或承诺函等形式,将客户接受并承诺履行合规<span style="color: black;">保证</span>义务<span style="color: black;">做为</span>双方缔结正式代理报关服务合同的前提<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。一方面尽可能<span style="color: black;">保证</span>客户提交资料的真实性,另一方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将报关企业合规经营的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>确定下来,<span style="color: black;">知道</span>划分责任范围。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、报关员与客户接触须禁止</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运营中,都会对报关操作的各环节和各岗位职责作出比较<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的规定,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>接触到的涉案报关企业中,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>都是报关员一人独自操办从洽商到申报的全流程。显然,在<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的业务操作流程下,很容易滋生客户与报关员<span style="color: black;">暗里</span>勾结偷逃税、客户<span style="color: black;">暗里</span>向报关员<span style="color: black;">传送</span>不正当利益等违法犯罪<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">为防止此类问题的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,涉案报关企业应当严格区分洽商环节的对接业务员与申报环节的操作业务员,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>负责洽商的业务员<span style="color: black;">没法</span>进行申报操作,负责申报的业务员<span style="color: black;">没法</span>直接与客户接触。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,在进行合同洽商签署环节的流程整改时,应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>设置专门的岗位负责客户洽商与合同签署,禁止负责申报的报关员与客户直接接触。</span><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">以上</span>的合同洽商签署的各个环节中,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>审核资质的人员以及合规员,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>地在合同洽商环节中有效介入并予以监督和审查,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>业务员的审查<span style="color: black;">过程</span>与标准,结合自己<span style="color: black;">把握</span>的进口报关<span style="color: black;">行业</span>法律知识、业务经验,审慎地进行核实、复查,以综合评判与该客户开展进口报关代理业务的合规<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;">二</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">进口申报</strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">操作</strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">环节</strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">:流程搭建与合规审查</strong></strong></span></p>
</span></strong><span style="color: black;">申报环节是进口报关业务的核心环节,低报、伪报等违法违规<span style="color: black;">行径</span>正是在这个环节中产生,自然<span style="color: black;">作为</span>海关监管的重点。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>这个环节的有效整改<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是第三方专家及检察官审核的重点。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在申报环节<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>设置业务审批流程、确定审查标准、规定审查范围,<span style="color: black;">促进</span>报关企业勤勉、全面、有效地履行审查义务,最大限度降低报关企业的业务合规<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,是彰显合规整改有效性的最关键部分。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 嵌入法律<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,搭建业务流程</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(1)业务流程应<span style="color: black;">表现</span>报关企业法律义务</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,业务流程设置应充分<span style="color: black;">表现</span>报关企业的法律义务。设置<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的业务申报审批流程,首要任务是全面<span style="color: black;">认识</span>进出口<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律规范<span style="color: black;">针对</span>申报服务内容及流程的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,并紧密围绕法律规范的内容,设置申报环节的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>审核流程及节点。业务合规的前提必定是合法,合法必然是合规的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>前提,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>整改后的业务流程必须吸纳法律规范的强制性<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,后续以此为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>确立的审批流程才可能起到抵御法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">在上文<span style="color: black;">已然</span>介绍到的海关法等法律法规以及海关行业标准、国家标准中,对报关操作的各个环节中报关企业应尽的义务已有非常详实的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。例如,进口报关企业在货物申报前负有<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>审查货物报关单证资料、填制报关单、向海关电子申报的义务,申报后还须<span style="color: black;">协同</span>海关的查验、抽检工作;当可能存在违规申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span>及<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,报关企业应当<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>并处置,否则报关企业就要对违规申报所<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>结果承担责任等。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>法律规范的<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>,报关企业唯有遵守<span style="color: black;">才可</span>不越“雷池”,而将这些<span style="color: black;">需求</span>内化为业务流程,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>其强制性,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>企业<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的业务流程是全面符合法律<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的,合规<span style="color: black;">亦</span>才具备了<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(2)业务流程应<span style="color: black;">知道</span>合规审查节点</span></strong><span style="color: black;">其次,业务流程设置应直接反映合规审查人员的介入节点。在确定了业务申报基本流程后,报关企业应进一步<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>审查职责的人员介入业务流程的环节,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>其能够<span style="color: black;">实质</span>发挥合规审查<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。报关企业<span style="color: black;">不可</span>只笼统地规定审查人员<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>审批业务的权限,必须对审查人员<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>介入业务、在哪个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>介入、介入的程度均予以<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,否则审查人员的审查权只能流于形式,沦为一纸空谈。</span><span style="color: black;">第三方专家和检察院在<span style="color: black;">评定</span>流程整改<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的有效性时,非常关注审查人员对流程操作监管的覆盖程度。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>海关法等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律法规及行业规范,以及办案的实践经验,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>总结认为,审查人员应当<span style="color: black;">最少</span>在所有报关企业负有审核、复核义务的环节介入,并且介入应<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>连贯性,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>对业务申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span>形成有效监管。</span><span style="color: black;">例如,报关单证材料毫无疑问必须经过审查人员审核,但在报关人员<span style="color: black;">按照</span>单证材料填制报关单后,审查人员还应进一步审核报关单的填制<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>与单证材料内容一致。当报关人员在海关系统录入数据后,审查人员还要继续审核录入的数据<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>与报关单内容一致等等。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>审查人员的审查权严密地覆盖于与报关单证<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的各环节,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>报关企业向海关<span style="color: black;">最后</span>申报的数据不存在审核疏漏,符合真实性、完整性<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">可见,想要实现有效业务整改,严格依据法律规定设置业务流程<span style="color: black;">过程</span>是<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>之上,必须<span style="color: black;">知道</span>审查人员介入审批的节点。并且,这些节点的设置应<span style="color: black;">保证</span>审查人员职权及工作内容的连贯性、系统性,应环环相扣、前后承接,<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>避免因审查权限过小、环节缺漏或审查主体频繁更换等而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>监管疏忽,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>对企业及员工的申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span>实现有效的监督。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yjleQRxCH62Ic2ibiboKuMHqHyL9yFWJDxkqCVmopWrxdq3JnygH4HlIsyMq2ekq9WdNEZj81JT9XK3BPbAzNFgQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图 2:</span><span style="color: black;">进口申</span><span style="color: black;">报操作环节流程示例</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. <span style="color: black;">知道</span>权力设置,细化合规审查</span></strong></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(1)确立合规员的违规业务终止权</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在规范业务流程设计之后,另一个重点是应当赋予合规员暂停或终止业务进行的权力,为合规审查增添“利齿”,实质性地约束与整改违规申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。业务流程、节点的设计<span style="color: black;">知道</span>了合规员介入业务的权力,相应的,必须同步赋予业务审查人员终止业务的权力,才可能实现对申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的实质性管控。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,报关企业应当协调好合规员与业务<span style="color: black;">分部</span>主管之间的审批权限分配,在业务流程中审慎<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>业务审查人员与<span style="color: black;">分部</span>主管审批权的位阶、<span style="color: black;">次序</span>,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>合规员<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>制约业务<span style="color: black;">分部</span>主管的权力与资格。</span><span style="color: black;">其次,报关企业应当明文赋予合规员“一票否决权”等终止业务的权力,在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>申报流程<span style="color: black;">反常</span>且<span style="color: black;">没法</span>纠正时,<span style="color: black;">准许</span>合规员独立终止该项不合规的业务申报,并<span style="color: black;">保证</span>该权力不受任何个人的影响,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会为业务审查人员带来任何<span style="color: black;">有害</span>影响。唯有在业务流程中充分<span style="color: black;">保证</span>业务审查人员的审批权及否决权,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>有效发挥合规审查的业务监督、人员监管<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,合规整改<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>被<span style="color: black;">评估</span>为“有效”。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(2)形成合规审查指引性文件</span></strong><span style="color: black;">业务合规<span style="color: black;">需求</span>合规审查必须全面、有效、可操作,这就<span style="color: black;">需求</span>企业及其员工必须清楚地<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>合规审查审什么、怎么审、按什么标准审,否则审查工作无从进行。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>业务流程整改的又一要点,是企业应当结合其业务流程,细化各审批节点的审查内容要点及审查方式。</span><span style="color: black;">合规审查的内容及审查方式<span style="color: black;">一般</span>直接决定审查的效果,因而必然是合规整改有效性评判的重点考察<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>承办的某报关企业合规不起诉案件中,第三方专家就曾在现场考察访谈的过程中,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>涉案报关企业对其设置的审查环节的审查要点及<span style="color: black;">办法</span>予以<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,并形成规范性质的书面文件,在企业内部发放,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>业务审查人员的履职依据。可见,第三方专家非常关注企业业务审批的实质性内容,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>审批必须<span style="color: black;">详细</span>化、模式化、流程化,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>仅依据<span style="color: black;">关联</span>人员的主观经验判断。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>该<span style="color: black;">机构</span>代理报关业务的性质、特点,结合报关人员丰富的实践经验,形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一份内容全面且高度符合企业经营<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的《合规审查指引》,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>业务合规审查的依据。该《合规审查指引》以整改后的业务流程为框架,规定了七个<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的审查<span style="color: black;">过程</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:审查客户资质、审核合同草稿、审查报关单证、复核报关单草单、复核预录入报关单、审查纳税、审查业务结算。<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还将<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>审查环节的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>审查内容<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>列举,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>很强的实操性,<span style="color: black;">极重</span>地提升了审查工作的效率及客观性,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了第三方专家和检察院的高度认可。</span><span style="color: black;">一份全面的合规审查<span style="color: black;">名单</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>报关企业履行审查义务、防范疏忽过失的有力证明,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>企业向海关争取从宽处理,或<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>足以<span style="color: black;">做为</span>企业免责的证据。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,细化合规审查内容,<span style="color: black;">知道</span>合规审查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,并外化为<span style="color: black;">机构</span>规范性文件,能够有效地<span style="color: black;">保证</span>业务流程整改的实质性。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span></span><span style="color: black;">进口报关业务流程整改推行的<span style="color: black;">保证</span></span></span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">——配套修订其他管理制度</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">业务流程的整改<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着将报关企业原有的业务运营模式,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是工作<span style="color: black;">办法</span>都<span style="color: black;">所有</span>打破,一切推倒重来,因而这个过程必然是“牵一发而动全身”的,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>经营管理的其他方面必定会受到影响,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>必须作出相应的<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,以适应、<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>业务流程整改的推行。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>而言,业务流程的整改应当<span style="color: black;">协同</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>其他管理制度的<span style="color: black;">创立</span>和修订一同推进,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>在其他制度内容中同步规定整改后的业务流程、内容、运行规则及<span style="color: black;">关联</span>岗位人员职责权限等,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>业务流程整改与<span style="color: black;">机构</span>其他事务相协调、整改后的业务流程各环节均具备<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性及可操作性。</span><span style="color: black;">例如,报关企业重构进口业务流程的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>应当制定或修订<span style="color: black;">机构</span>合规管理制度、业务管理制度、财务管理制度等,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基本制度确定报关人员、业务<span style="color: black;">分部</span>主管及财务、法务、合规等管理<span style="color: black;">分部</span>人员的职权及工作内容,为各<span style="color: black;">分部</span>、岗位人员划清职权行使的边界,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>各岗位履职不存在职责冲突或缺位,业务流程能够顺利运行。</span><span style="color: black;">又如,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>合规员的选任,报关企业应当依据法律规定确立相应标准,并指定、筛选符合<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的人员担任。选任具备相应资质、受过专业技能训练、有丰富业务经验的人员<span style="color: black;">做为</span>报关业务员及审查岗位人员是法律规范的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,是业务合规的<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span>之一,报关企业应在相应管理制度中<span style="color: black;">表现</span>该项<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>实施。</span><span style="color: black;">再如,报关企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span>出台<span style="color: black;">关联</span>管理规定,规范<span style="color: black;">机构</span>银行账户、对外洽商平台、内部办公软件的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,以及业务资料的存档等,对与业务开展<span style="color: black;">关联</span>联的各个方面均加强管理,从而为业务监管、员工<span style="color: black;">行径</span>监管创造<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>有利的<span style="color: black;">外边</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>业务合规整改的顺利推行当然是有所助益的。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span></span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">进口报关业务流程整改的落地与实施</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">——业务操作线上化</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">线上业务操作系统在进出口报关行业中是被<span style="color: black;">广泛</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在案件办理过程中调查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>报关企业的线上操作系统,并不具备对报关各个操作的审核、审批功能,仅仅作是为记录<span style="color: black;">保留</span>业务文件、统计业务数据来<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,业内<span style="color: black;">运用</span>比较广泛的业务操作系统几乎都是以服务出口业务为主,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>针对进口业务而设计的专门的线上系统。</span><span style="color: black;">在进口报关涉案企业的合规整改中,整改后的业务操作流程能否实现线上化,是第三方专家和检察官非常关心的热点问题。在办理广州某进口代理报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的合规不起诉案件时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在为涉案企业搭建好合法规范的业务操作流程、制定完善各类业务管理制度后,充分<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>进口报关程序的特殊性、行业的操作习惯及各功能间的联动性,为涉案企业设计了广州首个进口报关专用的线上审批系统,成功将整改后进口报关业务流程的各个操作环节及审批节点移植到线上平台,并在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>后取得了良好的效果。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>次线上系统的设计<span style="color: black;">运用</span>过程中,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>总结认为,该系统之所能够<span style="color: black;">得到</span>良好运行成效、并取得第三方专家和检察官的一致认可,有以下三点<span style="color: black;">原由</span>:</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">,系统实现了与单一窗口的数据互通,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>一键预录入报关单信息,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了申报效率,并在申报后可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>系统<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间获取货物的申报状态等信息,实现了报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的报关操作与海关<span style="color: black;">分部</span>审查的直接联通。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第二</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,系统将报关操作流程进行线性化设计,充分<span style="color: black;">保准</span>任何一个审批节点未进行操作或审批不<span style="color: black;">经过</span>,均<span style="color: black;">不可</span>进行下一步的任何操作,实现了纸面上的各个合规审查节点能够充分地在线上系统的实践操作中得到<span style="color: black;">表现</span>和<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,系统区分<span style="color: black;">区别</span>账户的操作权限,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>合规员审核的一票否决权,严格限制业务员的账户权限,防止业务员绕开审核私自篡改报关数据、一人包办报关操作的所有环节。</span><span style="color: black;">涉案报关企业将该线上系统投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>后,不仅便利了报关操作,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>最大程度<span style="color: black;">保证</span>了整改后业务流程监管的全覆盖。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>结 语</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">代理进口报关行业走私<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高发<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>业务性质决定的,但该<span style="color: black;">危害</span>并非<span style="color: black;">没法</span>避免,业务流程的整改与完善<span style="color: black;">便是</span>进口报关企业隔绝刑事、行政处罚<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的“利器”。有效的进口业务流程整改,应<span style="color: black;">保证</span>流程设置完全符合法律规范的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">包括</span>了<span style="color: black;">所有</span>的必要环节。业务审查是业务流程合规的重要<span style="color: black;">保证</span>,应<span style="color: black;">保证</span>在各环节均予以落实。而想要落实业务监管,就要充分<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>流程设置的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性、可操作性及便利性,因而还要同步实施企业治理制度的制定与修订、审批手段电子化等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>全面考量法律规定、行业惯例等<span style="color: black;">外边</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>,并充分结合企业组织架构设置、管理模式及业务发展<span style="color: black;">需要</span>等内部<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>真正符合第三方专家及检察院的考察<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>涉案企业<span style="color: black;">经过</span>合规整改来有效规避<span style="color: black;">危害</span>、规范业务经营、促进企业发展。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">本 文 作 者</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yjleQRxCH62LRtEO583t4rfRQq4souC4dLicU0x1Pt5iavsUpDYHnomAFUiafXAy2ibbp1MPQTAVQOUfWahta5YUsg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">龚政</strong></span></span>
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