报关企业借用药业企业资质进口灵芝涉嫌原产地申报不实,怎么样罚
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">问:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>被海关稽查认定部分进口货物<span style="color: black;">因为</span>漏报部分运保<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>漏缴税款,请问会有什么后果?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">答:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">要结合<span style="color: black;">详细</span>违法情形分析<span style="color: black;">关联</span>责任及其承担问题。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>《海关行政处罚实施条例》第十五条之规定,进出口货物的品名、税则号列、数量、规格、价格、贸易方式、原产地、启运地、运抵地、<span style="color: black;">最后</span>目的地<span style="color: black;">或</span>其他应当申报的项目未申报<span style="color: black;">或</span>申报不实的,分别<span style="color: black;">按照</span>下列规定予以处罚,有违法所得的,没收违法所得:(一)影响海关统计准确性的,予以警告<span style="color: black;">或</span>处</span><span style="color: black;">1000</span><span style="color: black;">元以上</span><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">万元以下罚款;(二)影响海关监管秩序的,予以警告<span style="color: black;">或</span>处</span><span style="color: black;">1000</span><span style="color: black;">元以上</span><span style="color: black;">3</span><span style="color: black;">万元以下罚款;(三)影响国家许可证件管理的,处货物价值</span><span style="color: black;">5%</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">30%</span><span style="color: black;">以下罚款;(四)影响国家税款征收的,处漏缴税款</span><span style="color: black;">30%</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">2</span><span style="color: black;">倍以下罚款;(五)影响国家外汇、出口退税管理的,处申报价格</span><span style="color: black;">10%</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">50%</span><span style="color: black;">以下罚款。如贵司漏报部分运保费<span style="color: black;">形成</span>申报不实,海关可结合<span style="color: black;">详细</span>情形对贵司予以处罚。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">典型案例</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:</span><span style="color: black;">2023年4月,某</span><span style="color: black;">药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>与</span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>达成口头协议,由</span><span style="color: black;">某药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>货运代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>尚未取得中药材进口资质的</span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>从越南进口中药材灵芝。</span><span style="color: black;">2023年4月24日,</span></span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>以</span><span style="color: black;">某药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">名义与越南供货商某有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span>采购合同,向对方采购两批灵芝(重量分别为</span> <span style="color: black;">9642.78千克和6196.74千克,采购单价均为每千克30元)。2023年4月26日,</span></span><span style="color: black;">某药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;">(</span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>借用</span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;">的名义)与</span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>两票灵芝的代理报关<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书。</span><span style="color: black;">4月27日,</span></span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>向</span><span style="color: black;">H</span><span style="color: black;">海关申报商品编号为</span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">0 3 9 9 9 的两票灵芝进口报关单号 分别为 </span></span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;">023100005024、</span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;">023100005025申报原产地均为越南(原产地证书编号分别为</span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;">3/08/005352、 </span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;">3/08/005353),2023年4月28日,</span><span style="color: black;">H</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">海关<span style="color: black;">经过</span></span> <span style="color: black;">H2018-进口原产地管理应用系统提交咨询单(咨询单编号:</span></span><span style="color: black;">XX</span><span style="color: black;">咨询单</span><span style="color: black;">XXXXX</span><span style="color: black;">0233918)核查原产地证书真伪,2023年7月5日,</span><span style="color: black;">H</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">海关收到税管局审批意见及越南海关答复函,回复<span style="color: black;">以上</span>原产地证书不是签证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>签发,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>享受中国</span><span style="color: black;">—东盟自贸区协定税率,<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>在进口灵芝的过程中涉嫌原产地申报不实影响国家税款征收,经</span></span><span style="color: black;">H</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">海关关税<span style="color: black;">分部</span>计核,灵芝进口最惠国关税税率为</span><span style="color: black;">6%,进口增值税税率为9%,<span style="color: black;">以上</span>两票共<span style="color: black;">导致</span>少缴进口关税及增值税共计31077.13元。</span></span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>两票灵芝的实际收货人及报关<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,应对该违规<span style="color: black;">行径</span>承担<span style="color: black;">所有</span>责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">法律分析与合规指引:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《海关法》第八十六条第(三)项之规定,进出口货物、物品<span style="color: black;">或</span>过境、转运、通运货物向海关申报不实的,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>处以罚款,有违法所得的,没收违法所得。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>《海关行政处罚实施条例》第十二条之规定,违反海关法及其他<span style="color: black;">相关</span>法律、行政法规和规章但不构成走私<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的,是违反海关监管规定的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>该实施条例第十五条第(四)项之规定,进出口货物的品名、税则号列、数量、规格、价格、贸易方式、原产地、启运地、运抵地、<span style="color: black;">最后</span>目的地<span style="color: black;">或</span>其他应当申报的项目未申报<span style="color: black;">或</span>申报不实,影响国家税款征收的,处漏缴税款</span><span style="color: black;">30%以上2倍以下罚款,有违法所得的,没收违法所得。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">《海关行政处罚裁量基准(一)》(海关总署公告</span><span style="color: black;">2023年第182号)第十四条第(三)项之规定</span></span><span style="color: black;">,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>行政处罚的,处漏缴税款百分之六十以上不满一倍的罚款;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本案中,当事人某报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>无中药材进口资质。为进口越南灵芝,当事人与某药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>达成协议,由后者<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span></span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;">报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">从越南进口中药材灵芝</span><span style="color: black;">2023年4月24日,当事人某报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>以某药业</span></span><span style="color: black;">有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;">名义与越南供货商某有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span>采购合同,向对方采购两批灵芝</span><span style="color: black;">。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此后,当事人某报关有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>以某药业有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>党的名义向</span><span style="color: black;">H海关申报进口<span style="color: black;">以上</span>两批灵芝,并申报、提交<span style="color: black;">以上</span>灵芝的原产地为越南的原产地证书。此后,经核查<span style="color: black;">以上</span>原产地证书非签证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>签发,<span style="color: black;">不可</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">享受中国</span><span style="color: black;">—东盟自贸区协定税率,<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>在进口灵芝的过程中涉嫌原产地申报不实影响国家税款征收</span></span><span style="color: black;">,</span><span style="color: black;">当事人<span style="color: black;">以上</span>进口申报<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>申报不实。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">综合<span style="color: black;">以上</span>,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《海关行政处罚实施条例》第十五条第(四)项</span><span style="color: black;">,《海关行政处罚裁量基准(一)》(海关总署公告2023年第182号)第十四条第(三)项之规定,</span></span><span style="color: black;">H海关</span><span style="color: black;">作出行政处罚决定:对当事<span style="color: black;">机构</span></span><span style="color: black;">某</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">报关有限公司作以下行政处罚:处罚款人民币</span><span style="color: black;">3万元整,并责令办结海关手续。</span></span></p>
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