西安甲康医院张新亮医生科普:甲状腺癌手术后还会复发吗?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>人活在世有什么不幸,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>患癌<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是其中一个选项。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相较于胰腺癌、肝癌、肺癌这些致命杀手,甲状腺癌是相对温和的一种。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>毕竟是癌症,甲状腺癌有温和的一面,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有致命的一面。温和的一面给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>一线生机,而致命的一面<span style="color: black;">一样</span>让<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>束手<span style="color: black;">没</span>策。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240514/5577ef07864242b2a2f5bb00c8edd104.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌的两面性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺是人体最大的内分泌腺,呈H型分布在气管两旁,像一个遁甲,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>像一只张开翅膀的蝴蝶。甲状腺属于人体浅表器官,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>遭受了辐射影响,甲状腺组织<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生,增生再<span style="color: black;">出现</span>恶变,就会形成癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺癌分为四类,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是甲状腺乳头状癌、甲状腺滤泡癌,不<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是髓样癌和未分化癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我有一个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在春节前去参加了<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的体检,但和往年不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的是,他的头颈彩超<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了问题,体检<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>他到肿瘤医院<span style="color: black;">或</span>三甲医院的肿瘤科复查一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">复查结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>他是单侧结节,有8mm<span style="color: black;">体积</span>,边缘模糊,边界不清晰,内部有血流。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拿到体检单的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>还是比较<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说,<span style="color: black;">少于</span>10mm的结节都是良性的,即便是甲状腺癌,恶性程度较低,可能终生都不会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>并非<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>。甲状腺乳头状癌、甲状腺滤泡癌手术后的预后效果都很好,甲状腺髓样癌<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会影响寿命。只要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>医嘱进行治疗和复查就行。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但并不是所有的甲状腺癌都这么“温和”,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>之前<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的甲状腺未分化癌就非常凶险,凶险程度<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>胜过“癌中之王”胰腺癌。一旦确诊,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就只剩下几个月的寿命,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>对甲状腺未分化癌尚<span style="color: black;">没</span>有效的治疗手段。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240514/af61f4abba7a478cb05d0db17814f397.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>特征?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">好在这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>得的不是未分化癌,而是相对<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较低的甲状腺乳头状癌。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>治疗,短短几个月,结节<span style="color: black;">已然</span>从8mm发展到10mm。这并不是一个好信号,结节生长过快恶性的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了生长过快,前面<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的边缘不清晰、形态不规则、边界不清晰都是恶性描述,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的描述越多,恶性<span style="color: black;">危害</span>越高。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>再加上点状强回声、纵横比>1的描述,恶性程度在85%以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然甲状腺乳头状癌发展缓慢,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在发展过程中容易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>扩散,扩散到淋巴、肺部等器官,扩散到哪就在哪形成肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我的另一位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在查出甲状腺癌时,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>扩散到了淋巴。手术切除了双侧甲状腺,清扫了淋巴,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>半年后还是复发了,肺部<span style="color: black;">显现</span>几个小肿瘤,事情一下就棘手了起来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是单侧甲状腺有肿瘤,切单侧。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>双侧甲状腺有多发肿瘤,就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>切除甲状腺肿瘤,并接受碘-131和TSH<span style="color: black;">控制</span>治疗。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>碘-131治疗和TSH<span style="color: black;">控制</span>治疗的效果都<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在治疗后,半年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>就<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240514/add67ec6cef04c439f440f9141c99237.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>复发,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要分<span style="color: black;">状况</span>看</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,符合这3个特点的人群,复发的几率要高于<span style="color: black;">一般人</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.男性;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.发病年龄大于40岁;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.确诊时癌细胞<span style="color: black;">已然</span>扩散到淋巴或其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>特点,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>具备以下<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,甲状腺癌复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较高:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.肉眼可见肿瘤侵犯了甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的软组织</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.肿瘤未完全切除;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.<span style="color: black;">显现</span>远处转移;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.病理分期为N1(有区域淋巴结转移);并且转移的淋巴结最大直径大于3cm;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>判断术后血清Tg(甲状腺球蛋白)水平<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.有广泛血管浸润的甲状腺滤泡状癌(血管侵犯大于4个病灶)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240514/aa6b355ef5f748fc97fbf1dd3294577c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">术后复发有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>表现?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.术后复查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有新的颈部肿块,要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做<span style="color: black;">彩超</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>性质</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.术后TSH指标<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,Tg(甲状腺球蛋白)<span style="color: black;">或</span>TgAb(抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体)<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>提示甲状腺癌病灶残留或复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.血清降钙素与癌胚抗原<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,提示甲状腺髓样癌复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240514/ae36caf216314266afa11fa4660bcd35.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺癌有两面性,一面温和,一面邪恶。不同类型的甲状腺癌对生命质量和寿命的影响各不相同。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>符合<span style="color: black;">以上</span>描述的九点,复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高。<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">小心</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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