7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-5-21 00:46:04

俄罗斯即将研制出癌症疫苗!接种疫苗能预防肺癌吗?


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:王川</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>据路透社<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,俄罗斯总统普京当地时间2月14日透露,俄罗斯<span style="color: black;">专家</span>已接近研制出癌症疫苗和新一代免疫调节<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">火速</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>给<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">路透社<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,普京<span style="color: black;">无</span>说明可能<span style="color: black;">火速</span>面世的这种疫苗<span style="color: black;">详细</span>针对哪种类型癌症,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>说明疫苗的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>方式。但<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>,世界上<span style="color: black;">有些</span>国家和<span style="color: black;">机构</span>正在研制癌症疫苗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多种癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不禁思考:<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有一天,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>疫苗来预防或治疗肺癌——这个<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>威胁着人类健康的顽疾?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的飞速发展,肺癌疫苗<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种新兴的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>受到了全世界<span style="color: black;">专家</span>的关注。这不仅是一场科技的革命,<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>对人类<span style="color: black;">存活</span>挑战的<span style="color: black;">回复</span>。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span>能<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>接种肺癌疫苗来预防或避免肺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>呢?</strong></p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌疫苗的基本原理</strong></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌疫苗是一种新兴的治疗方式,目的是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>激发人体免疫系统来对抗肺癌。这种疫苗与预防性疫苗不同,<strong style="color: blue;">它<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于治疗<span style="color: black;">已然</span>确诊的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,而非预防</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、肺癌疫苗的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>探索<strong style="color: blue;">肺癌疫苗的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制</strong>。这些疫苗含有特定的肿瘤抗原,这些抗原是癌细胞表面特有的标志物。当肺癌疫苗被注入人体后,它们就像是向免疫系统发送了一份<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>的通告,揭示了癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>身份。这激活了免疫系统,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是T细胞——身体的癌细胞杀手。T细胞随后被训练识别并攻击带有这些特殊标志的肺癌细胞。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>在于直接<span style="color: black;">教诲</span>免疫系统识别和消灭肺癌细胞,而不是通用性的免疫激活。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的工作原理</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,<strong style="color: blue;">PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</strong>的工作原理有所不同。PD-1是T细胞表面的一个蛋白,而PD-L1则<span style="color: black;">一般</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>癌细胞表面。当PD-L1与PD-1结合时,T细胞被‘关闭’,<span style="color: black;">没</span>法攻击癌细胞。PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂<span style="color: black;">经过</span>阻断这种结合,解放了T细胞,使它们能够重新激活并攻击癌细胞。简而言之,这类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是去除了癌细胞的‘隐形斗篷’,而不是直接<span style="color: black;">教诲</span>免疫系统识别癌细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、核心区别</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这两种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<strong style="color: blue;">核心区别</strong>在于:肺癌疫苗是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>引入新的信息来‘教育’免疫系统,而PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂则是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>解除已存在的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>来‘激活’免疫系统。肺癌疫苗更像是一场针对性的教育课程,它针对特定的癌细胞特征来训练免疫系统。而PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂则更像是一种解锁<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,它解锁了免疫系统原有的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>,让它恢复对癌细胞的攻击能力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这两种治疗策略的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>取决于肺癌的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>类型和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">情况</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">肺癌疫苗尤其适用于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>癌细胞表面有<span style="color: black;">知道</span>标志的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,而PD-1/L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂适用于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>癌细胞能够有效<span style="color: black;">控制</span>免疫反应的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240223/abec90d169804aed862c7f9607493ffc.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肺癌疫苗的研<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>状</strong></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自从2010年美国食品<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局(FDA)<span style="color: black;">准许</span>了人类历史上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个前列腺癌治疗性疫苗——Provenge,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>便进入了一个全新的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">截止</span>2023年9月,世界各地共开展了近<strong style="color: blue;">3000项</strong>与肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,其中肺癌疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>占据了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一席之地。这些<span style="color: black;">实验</span>不仅是数字的堆砌,<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>对生命奥秘的探索和对<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240223/c0f70ec97c5645ffae8749a697562fc6.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、古巴CIMAvax-EGF疫苗</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">古巴的CIMAvax-EGF疫苗,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>这场战斗的先驱,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>靶向肺癌细胞<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的生长因子,展现了疫苗治疗的巨大<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1994年,CimaVax肺癌疫苗<span style="color: black;">起始</span>首次人体<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,10名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受治疗以测试其安全性和有效性。经历初步成功后,该疫苗于2011年在古巴上市。到2023年,一项真实世界<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《J Cancer》杂志上,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>CimaVax-EGF<span style="color: black;">做为</span>晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的维持治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>2015年至2017年间收治的106例IIIB期和IV期NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在对一线治疗(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>铂双药、化学疗法和放射疗法或单药化学疗法)<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出客观反应或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定后,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>接受CimaVax-EGF疫苗治疗。<span style="color: black;">显现</span>脑转移或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被排除。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,化疗或化放疗后的中位总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为22.46个月,6、12和24个月的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为97.7%、82.7%和45.5%。<strong style="color: blue;">这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>接近一半的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期超过2年。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">65岁以下<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的中位总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为16.7个月,而65岁以上患者为12.2个月,说明<span style="color: black;">青春</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>受益更大。在另一项<span style="color: black;">触及</span>405名晚期非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的III期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(270例接种疫苗,135例对照),分析得出,疫苗组的中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为10.83个月,而未接种疫苗的对照组的中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为8.86个月。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接种疫苗组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的中位OS为12.43个月,对照组未接种疫苗组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的中位OS为9.43个月,246名接种了<span style="color: black;">最少</span>一剂CIMAvax-EGF的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,68名(27.6%)在入组2年后仍然存活。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>样本量小,<strong style="color: blue;">还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>数据支持来验证其名副其实的有效性。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,这种疫苗的普及和应用还面临<span style="color: black;">许多</span>挑战,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>不同国家的医疗政策和<span style="color: black;">准许</span>程序,以及生产和分配的物流问题。尽管<span style="color: black;">日前</span>CIMAvax-EGF疫苗在阿根廷、秘鲁、哥伦比亚等多国<span style="color: black;">获准</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>在中国<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中的疗效缺乏证据,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在我国尚未<span style="color: black;">获准</span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240223/160d5e6eed1242fca8574470cbd9b12c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、欧美地区的疫苗<span style="color: black;">发展</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在欧美地区,肺癌疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>在加速发展。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,许多<span style="color: black;">科研</span>正集中于结合肺癌疫苗和<strong style="color: blue;">免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</strong>的治疗策略。2022年的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><strong style="color: blue;">分析了全球非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗性疫苗的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的主流(占比41.88%),<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对III或IV期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(26.5%)。这些<span style="color: black;">实验</span>大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>单臂<span style="color: black;">实验</span>(52.14%),并以小样本量(50人以下)为主(56.41%)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是免疫治疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>,单臂小样本量<span style="color: black;">实验</span>有助于降低成本,为免疫联合治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>依据。近五年的肺癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,疫苗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的不良反应较少,对疫苗较<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的实体瘤<span style="color: black;">包含</span>黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤、肾癌等。联合治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>产生了<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>获益,但<strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤疫苗在III期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中的效果<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不及预期</strong>。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是,黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原3(MAGE-A3),在30%-50%的NSCLC中表达,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是鳞癌中更<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Vansteenkiste等进行的MAGE-A3阳性NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的III期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>MAGRIT,是迄今最大的肿瘤疫苗临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,虽有超过14,000例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>筛查,但<span style="color: black;">最后</span>结果为阴性。在临床I、II期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中表现理想的疫苗,如L-BLP25、Belagenpumatucel-L、TG4010,在不同癌种的III期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中均未达到预期效果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">个体化疫苗</strong>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>正在<span style="color: black;">作为</span>肺癌治疗的一个热点。这类疫苗的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤的特定遗传变异来定制,<span style="color: black;">供给</span><strong style="color: blue;">“量身定做”的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span></strong>。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>巨大,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>针对<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的独特<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>更加精确的治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2020年<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《Cell》杂志上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,NEO-PV-01与PD-1抗体联用治疗晚期黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌或膀胱癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>了积极的初步结果。但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>这种疫苗的高度个性化,<strong style="color: blue;">其<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果暂时<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>广泛<span style="color: black;">病人</span>群的治疗参考</strong>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,这些疫苗的高制<span style="color: black;">导致</span>本和<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的制备过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>重点<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的问题。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、中国肺癌疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队正在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>基于细胞的肺癌疫苗。这类疫苗<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己的肿瘤细胞或免疫细胞,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>实验室操作使其能够激发<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的免疫反应。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如,马星等采用基因沉默技术下调肺腺癌细胞A549中MAGE-A3的表达后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其细胞成球能力与侵袭能力均受到<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>,但在一项纳入2312例肺癌术后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的Ⅱ期/ Ⅲ期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中MAGE-A3疫苗辅助治疗并未有效<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">没</span>病<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期,王群等开展的Ⅲ期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>未取得令人满意的结果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240223/530ead48dbe24dab894505f2e306b118.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>肿瘤疫苗<span style="color: black;">研发</span>面临的3个<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></strong></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、<span style="color: black;">自己</span>抗原会受到中枢耐受的影响</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>可用于靶向的肿瘤抗原是<span style="color: black;">自己</span>抗原,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>会受到中枢耐受的影响。在抗原中引入替代物有利于克服这一<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,理想的肿瘤抗原应在瘤内特异性表达,尤其不表达在胸腺髓质中。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、疫苗诱导的免疫反应较弱</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次疫苗诱导的免疫反应较弱且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间短暂,并且记忆形成有缺陷。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、肿瘤微环境的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后肿瘤微环境<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>强大的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,其结果是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>疫苗诱导的效应T细胞的功能失活。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤疫苗的<span style="color: black;">研发</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>克服适应性免疫<span style="color: black;">起步</span>和效应期的<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,在这方面亟需鉴定一批有效的佐剂和递送载体。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240223/b13267e0d9004b988a9e9b3480329bf5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管当前部分疫苗在某些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中表现出积极效果,但<strong style="color: blue;">在<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>应用和效果一致性方面还有待<span style="color: black;">加强</span></strong>。其次,减少副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span>承受了化疗和放疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">确定最佳的疫苗种类和治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>是另一个<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>问题。</strong><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肺癌的高度异质性,可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>为不同的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>定制个性化的疫苗。这不仅<span style="color: black;">必须</span>精确的肿瘤特征分析,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫状态和其他健康<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,虽然肺癌疫苗展示了巨大的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>,但其<span style="color: black;">开发</span>和应用仍需在克服这些挑战的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">持续</span>进步。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">小爱提醒</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着对肺癌疫苗的深入<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对这一<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">将来</span>充满了期待。然而,<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是要认识到,尽管肺癌疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>正在取得<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,但它们<span style="color: black;">日前</span><strong style="color: blue;">还未达到广泛应用于临床治疗的<span style="color: black;">周期</span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当前的医学技术和临床数据尚不支持普通<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接种肺癌疫苗<span style="color: black;">做为</span>标准治疗手段。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>正在与肺癌斗争的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>以及公众<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>继续遵循现有的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>和预防策略</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Shemesh CS, Hsu JC, Hosseini I, et al. Personalized cancer vaccines: clinical landscape, challenges, and opportunities. Mol Ther, 202129(2): 555-570.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(5): 411-422.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Gray JE, Chiappori A, Williams CC, et al. A phase I/randomized phase II study of GM.CD40L vaccine in combination with CCL21 in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2018, 67(12): 1853-1862.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Patel JD, Lee JW, Carbone DP, et al. Phase II study of immunotherapy with Tecemotide and Bevacizumab after chemoradiation in patients with unresectable stage III non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC): A trial of the ECOG-ACR IN cancer research group (E6508). Clin Lung Cancer, 2020, 21(6): 520-526.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 马星,陈新峰,张超奇等.非小细胞肺癌组织中MAGE-A3和MAGE-C2MRNA的表达.郑州大学学报(医学版)2017,52(5):580-585.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 王群,张嘉涛.MAGE-A3免疫治疗对非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后辅助治疗的疗效<span style="color: black;">科研</span>.循证医学2018,18(4)226-229.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">环球网《关于癌症,普京透露一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>信息》<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</p>




听听海 发表于 2024-8-29 01:56:32

感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好!

wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-10-12 13:14:43

可以发布外链的网站 http://www.fok120.com/

7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-10-23 13:42:18

论坛外链网http://www.fok120.com/

wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-11-2 08:24:47

楼主继续加油啊!外链论坛加油!

wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-11-12 04:06:35

我赞同你的看法,你的智慧让人佩服,谢谢分享。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 俄罗斯即将研制出癌症疫苗!接种疫苗能预防肺癌吗?