野村綜研朱四明:逆全世界化时代,汽配企业要走出去是不争的事实
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGsibTLlPoXWuKz5f8ibMxKiboPhJ9ITDxyQMKxb5mAKSkhRbBBG7AfHIGSm7tqVRu8OoYapiaZ7ibMaHmcw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/XdiaHruiawGsibwicm5HutDRL81STQ6tUCX7CyHgjPHS9b6bOCW0QzzrvfnQbzvnLMyzSAicnYvxXzTek5UC1pIJqjQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作者 | asworld</span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span> | 汽车服务世界(ID:asworld168)</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">欢迎供稿 | 陈凯:15827582449</span></strong></span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">本文为 野村綜研(上海)咨询有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>合伙人朱四明 在福斯冠名的2023(第十三届)汽车服务世界超级大会-主论坛上的发言实录整理,为便于阅读,略有删减。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">2022年确实是很魔幻的一年,最大的改变不是经济受到多大影响,本质是<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>受到冲击。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都在谈出海,出海不是新<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>主机厂和配件,核心的问题是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>到底用什么样的方式/企业定位,用价值链的什么环节,去到什么国家去,这才是今天想分享的东西。</span><span style="color: black;">聊聊系统集成的概念,<strong style="color: blue;">逆<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>化时代汽配企业破局之路。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/XdiaHruiawGs8u5lxxzH3Rpbia72FzTfuqBzIiaib6akuQjGwSmbPr7BiaiaxHzbcHeZEChADBYjmialpazqP5WQAgbSwQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">汽配行业<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要出海</strong></span><span style="color: black;">过去30年,在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>化大潮下,我国“卷”出了完整庞大、高性价比、适用场景丰富的制造业(电动车为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>)和2C流通服务业(电商为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>)两大产业链,中国变成世界工厂,这种时代<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>了。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>会是什么样的时代?</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>三十年会有新的东西,会有最完善的供应链。</span><span style="color: black;">最有<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性的是双“电”,新能源汽车产业为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的“中国生产力”,以及电商产业为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的</span><span style="color: black;">“中国速度”。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>国家在这两个产业上,是<span style="color: black;">无</span>中国<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的竞争<span style="color: black;">优良</span>的,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>不起<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的能力,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>时间<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不对了,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>国家有这么多人口,这么分层的消费阶层,是最好地打造全场景的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有很强的产业链,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最大的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>在中低端<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,成本<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的核心<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,像钮扣、电线,但像<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>需要更<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>工艺的5G等产业,还是<span style="color: black;">跨境</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>主导。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式。<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>升级<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>,向高附加值产业渗透;<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>“系统集成”,即代理他人<span style="color: black;">制品</span>;<span style="color: black;">或</span>寻求中间状态,最大化企业价值。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGsibwicm5HutDRL81STQ6tUCX7cOkerf6y7alwNyzSiawSKJqCv37yREFAjc4nBM4ptep9rDRtxj3g8qg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面需要思考的,其实是用什么样的定位方式、价值链环节、到什么<span style="color: black;">地区</span>?</span><span style="color: black;">优秀的企业有两种模式,一是3M模式,围绕核心业务打造极致的技术集成力;一是丹纳赫模式,围绕核心组织能力打造极致的系统集成力。</span><span style="color: black;">不管<span style="color: black;">选取</span>何种模式,领先的中国制造业必须走出去,以充分释放自己在过去若干年中“卷”出来的核心能力,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>应对供应链脱钩、安全合规和ESG<span style="color: black;">需求</span>等挑战。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在内部卷、只打价格战是不行的,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>只能弥补可变成本、但弥补不了总成本,总体还是亏损的。</span><span style="color: black;">其实,不管是经营<span style="color: black;">机构</span>还是做加盟<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,都是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的道理。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>加盟,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>加盟你的伙伴,都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>认为<span style="color: black;">便是</span>你的小体系,你要发展赋能体系,就要弄清楚赋能到底是什么?能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>给出类似<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的赋能体系,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>国内企业,正在践行<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的优秀模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/XdiaHruiawGs8u5lxxzH3Rpbia72FzTfuqBM1uHG03LiamaGJlSOy2DYtdnWVLZfqF6lmaqOPXCo2o0X9icuDkvMD9Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>出海?</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">走出去,必然面临挑战,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>出去的方式<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要变。</span><span style="color: black;">外部的环境正在在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>巨变,区域化取代<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>化。预计<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>将形成三大区域市场:亚太、美洲、欧洲,这些区以市场的内部成员,会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>市场势能高低形成价值链分工。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,基于<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的巨变,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的企业走出去的方式<span style="color: black;">亦</span>变了。与过去以贸易为主的模式<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,企业需要重构<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>布局,形成中国、低势能国家和高势能国家三类节点。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>三类节点,分别是:</span><span style="color: black;">中国布局<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、原材料和应用场景;</span><span style="color: black;">低势能国家布局生产、组装和集单;</span><span style="color: black;">扩大高势能国家的消费和品牌力。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGsibwicm5HutDRL81STQ6tUCX70pIAAPEQkQ3iazAuWzPibYnB7r7r1ujs19NbDhejfcn4rYtvnupNbn9Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>感觉到了,中国的外贸正在往下降,这是不是短时现象?</span><span style="color: black;">不,这是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的现象,中国以一家市场供应<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>市场的时代<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>了,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>市场里都有第四生产国家和消费国家。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,中国是一个非常特殊的存在,过去<span style="color: black;">无</span>,<span style="color: black;">将来</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会产生像中国<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的国家,这一点<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>引以为豪。</span><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">将来</span>应该怎么干?</p>
</span><span style="color: black;">综合价值链和区域变化趋势,<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>,在于将特定的价值链环节放在最合适的区域,实现企业价值的最大化。</span><span style="color: black;">举个例子。</span><span style="color: black;">中国有最丰富的原材料和<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把价值链拆开后,中国<span style="color: black;">能够</span>布局<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、原材料和应用场景;其他低势能国家布局生产、组装和集单;扩大高势能国家的消费和品牌力。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到,部分制造企业<span style="color: black;">已然</span>率先行动,与海外伙伴合纵连横,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>布局产能、构筑强大稳健的供应体系。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>今天要讲汽配?</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>汽配企业<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>行动起来了,既有向中低势能市场输出数字驱动的供应链<span style="color: black;">处理</span>完整<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有向高势能市场输出稳定供应、质优价廉的品牌化配件<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面,进入<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的势能市场,需要有<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的“进入模式”,打造<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的核心<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">以进入东南亚这类中低势能市场为例。进入模式就比较灵活,线上线下均可,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>与当地大型连锁品牌缔结合作关系,核心<span style="color: black;">优良</span>方面则是要打造“数字驱动的供应链<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>”,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>上游强化<span style="color: black;">制品</span>组织力、中游实现算法驱动的物流仓储、下游整合流量强化客户营销。</span><span style="color: black;">而进入欧美等高势能市场,就<span style="color: black;">意见</span>线上介入,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>批发“与四大或配件联盟缔结合作关系”,而<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的时候则依托成熟电商平台(亚马逊、eBay)或搭建独立站。核心<span style="color: black;">优良</span>方面则是要充分展示“制造大国的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>能力”,<span style="color: black;">制品</span>要质优、价廉,逐步强化品牌力;供应链则要稳定、<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>、<span style="color: black;">有效</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,不可否认,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的出海企业,有些做得还是贸易生意,这其实远远<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>正在讨论的事情,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>中国企业联合出海。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>告诉你,把价值链怎么拆,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的价值链放在哪个国家,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>做什么事,无非是中国这边组织,在那边做最后一步的处理,打开销路市场。</span><span style="color: black;">其次,汽配企业需要<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>和什么样的伙伴合作。</span><span style="color: black;">有三类伙伴<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>:</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">一是产业链上下游的伙伴,本身是个大<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是你的客户<span style="color: black;">或</span>配套合作商,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>最好的伙伴;二是有<span style="color: black;">途径</span>能力的伙伴;三是有<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>的伙伴。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>正在把这三类伙伴聚在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">分享一个案例。宁波一家给<span style="color: black;">公众</span>配套的企业,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>在塞尔维亚设厂,变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span><span style="color: black;">公众</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>供应商,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>地找连接器,沿着这个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>找比较有<span style="color: black;">特殊</span>的方向。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>认为,国内汽配企业的出海还<span style="color: black;">处在</span>非常<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,有些企业<span style="color: black;">已然</span>走出了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步,但从走出去,到形成低势能国家、中高势能国家和高势能国家的完整布局、把产业链拆分好,还有蛮长的路要走。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,在逆<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>化时代,汽配企业要走出去是不争的事实,但走出去之前<span style="color: black;">必定</span>做好定位,<span style="color: black;">知道</span>自己的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式是“技术集成”还是“系统集成”,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式把价值链拆开、到<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>组装、一步步产生巨大价值,最后再走向海外高势能的市场。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGs8u5lxxzH3Rpbia72FzTfuqB1oLgCDEgNkcbJo9ibJhOfOZH2HcNfaJA7Lh9uWWcsBHMgksyiblYZwhQ/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGs8u5lxxzH3Rpbia72FzTfuqBEAJp7sdOHYDIiaUdMWJdULOnNqWbr1JicwZO9pdkPiceKAldFdQJ9LNww/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">汽车服务世界视频号</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一块</span>读懂汽车后市场</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/b96CibCt70iaajvl7fD4ZCicMcjhXMp1v6UibM134tIsO1j5yqHyNhh9arj090oAL7zGhRJRq6cFqFOlDZMleLl4pw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdiaHruiawGs8u5lxxzH3Rpbia72FzTfuqBEAJp7sdOHYDIiaUdMWJdULOnNqWbr1JicwZO9pdkPiceKAldFdQJ9LNww/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好! 楼主果然英明!不得不赞美你一下! 说得好啊!我在外链论坛打滚这么多年,所谓阅人无数,就算没有见过猪走路,也总明白猪肉是啥味道的。
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