甲状腺癌有哪些有效的治疗办法?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这十年是甲癌<span style="color: black;">行业</span>发展最快的十年;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人们对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的理解<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>深入;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗方式从标准化到个性化;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就来总结一下现行的主流甲状腺乳头状癌治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">观察</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">观察<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>甲状腺微小癌的观察。有人问我国外<span style="color: black;">针对</span>甲状腺微小癌观察是什么态度?<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,几乎所有北美内分泌的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>接收到<span style="color: black;">没</span>转移的<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1厘米微小癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都不会把<span style="color: black;">她们</span>送到手术<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>那里去。静静地看着微小癌装装逼<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>什么<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,有时候一装<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">一生</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-984b0202b6a3a71494e0867d8c30a189_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1厘米是一个大概的分界线,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>还是要<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的分析。并不是说1厘米以下就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>不要<span style="color: black;">选取</span>手术;<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是说1厘米以上就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">选取</span>手术。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>青少年的甲状腺癌是弥漫硬化亚型,最大的肿瘤直径不超过1厘米,<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候依旧要<span style="color: black;">选取</span>手术的。我见过有人是这种类型的肿瘤体检出来的,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,两年后<span style="color: black;">已然</span>发展<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>双侧侧颈部的转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,有70多岁的老年人合并了其余的原发肿瘤。哪怕他的甲状腺癌有1.2厘米,只要术前彩超<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的转移,可能观察<span style="color: black;">针对</span>他而言<span style="color: black;">便是</span>最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">手术</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术依然是甲状腺癌治疗的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,甲状腺癌的手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>这十年间<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了巨大的变化。<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>更加推崇的做法是,精确的术前和手术中<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,减少不必要的预防性清扫,在<span style="color: black;">守护</span>功能和<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>清扫中<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的时候<span style="color: black;">选取</span>前者。侧颈部淋巴结一律不做预防性的清扫,中央区的争议<span style="color: black;">始终</span>存在。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-75e3dc16c29514ca296bbb843be2e4eb_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">取决于术前术中的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>结果,下面这些手术方式都是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被接受的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半切</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半切+单侧中央区清扫</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全切</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全切+单侧或双侧中央区清扫</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全切+中央区清扫+侧颈清扫</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,仍然有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>手术方式是从未被写进指南的,是<span style="color: black;">无</span>科学依据的,是从来<span style="color: black;">无</span>被认可的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤摘除术</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">次全切</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">次全切+中央区清扫</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半切+单侧中央区清扫+单侧侧颈清扫</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半切+双侧中央区清扫</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">碘治疗</h2>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-e2c994dbbcc212f4d43074ae0e7b8fcc_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面这些碘治疗的观点都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被证明是错误的:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只要有转移就<span style="color: black;">必要</span>进行碘治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只要做了全切碘治疗,指标就应该毕业,否则<span style="color: black;">便是</span>碘难治</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一次清甲,二次清灶,治疗两次起步</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只要肿瘤吸碘,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>进行碘治疗</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-6ea0637017aa195d75495b5bdb9ac38d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">过去在发达国家,<span style="color: black;">最少</span>有百分之五十以上的分化型甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都接受了碘治疗,而<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>这个比例应该<span style="color: black;">小于</span>百分之五十。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">微小淋巴转移和腺外侵犯不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>碘治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>次碘治疗后<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">评估</span>其疗效,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤负荷有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>降低才会<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>行第二次碘治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小剂量碘扫复查<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>退出历史舞台</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">消融</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是一个相对有争议的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,在国外<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是所有的大医院都会采用这个技术。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-062c09da38f1fc295c941ee1e77b73ff_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消融在甲状腺癌和别的肿瘤治疗中目的不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,在别的肿瘤中它<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的起到的是姑息减瘤的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。在甲状腺癌中,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是认为肿瘤的活性较低,即便观察<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会出问题,消融在某种程度上起到的是减瘤和减轻病人心理<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消融<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于单个微小癌以及术后转移的少量淋巴结。有<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的对病情适合的病人做消融处理<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许是合适的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>不适合以<span style="color: black;">挣钱</span>为目的劝导所有病人都进行消融处理。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">外放疗</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外放疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是用于肿瘤分化非常差的甲状腺乳头状癌的治疗,治疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,它不适合用于50岁以下的病人,而即便是50岁以上的病人,用的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常少。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-3d3ad78b8df4e100ff1a68a1e7c977ce_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">靶向治疗+免疫治疗</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短短的十年,甲状腺的靶向免疫治疗经历了从<span style="color: black;">无</span>到有,从有一种药到有几十种药进入临床的过程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,被FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的靶向药索拉非尼和乐伐替尼;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,正在临床的针对特定基因突变的LOXO-101和LOXO-292;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,基于PD1和PDL1的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的免疫治疗;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">它们的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>高危病人从绝望中找到<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">最后</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所有治疗技术的初衷都是更好的为人类服务</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而不是互相排斥,互相诋毁</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对不同的个体<span style="color: black;">选取</span>合适的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这才是医学发展的初衷</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这十年,治疗的原则大概是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遇弱则弱:对低危病人治疗的更温柔</p>最后,欢迎关注最厉害的甲状腺<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号「温哥华小文青」。
论坛的成功是建立在我们诚恳、务实、高效、创新和团结合作基础上,我们要把这种精神传递下去。 “板凳”(第三个回帖的人) 期待你更多的精彩评论,一起交流学习。 我完全同意你的看法,期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。 楼主节操掉了,还不快捡起来! 感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好!
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