美国陆军协会年会上的防空精英，新型无人防空车重点应对无人机
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">据战区网站2023年10月10日<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，美国莱茵金属<span style="color: black;">机构</span>与德事隆系统<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>在美国陆军协会（AUSA）2023年会上推出了粗锯齿M5无人底盘上安装天空游侠30毫米防空炮塔的无人防空车，从而为美国<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的无人军队<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一种<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>防空火力，值得一看。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>挺搞笑的是M5底盘前面放了个M3的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>牌，德事隆你要闹哪样啊！</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Ripsaw M5无人战车其实是发展自德事隆系统<span style="color: black;">机构</span>粗齿锯Ripsaw EV3-F4履带式底盘，去掉了上部的驾驶舱，设计了平台接口以兼容多种遥控武器站和炮塔。该车分重、中、轻三种，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>仅<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>中型和轻型的数据。中型车战斗全重10.5吨，车长5.9米，宽2.7米，高1.5米，载重3.6吨，速度为64千米/时，轻型车战斗全重7.5吨，车长4.7米，宽2.4米，高1.5米，载重1.4吨，速度为72千米/时，<span style="color: black;">供给</span>给美军测试的是中型车，车身装甲可抗12.7毫米机枪。该车<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>汽油发动机或柴油发动机驱动艾里逊自动变速箱，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>纯电动驱动。其车辆前部设计极具现代感，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>狰狞。该车四周安装有全景摄像头，可<span style="color: black;">供给</span>全向视野，配用橡胶履带可<span style="color: black;">供给</span>高越野性能。前部下方还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>安装扫雷铲和扫雷辊等。该车后来参与了美国陆军无人战车选型，发展出了Ripsaw M5无人战车。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有趣的是该车车体前部下方还有一个可向下打开的舱门，内部可<span style="color: black;">安置</span>一辆小无人车，行驶下来时就像被吐出来<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。这种小无人车型号为FLIR SUGV单兵<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人，该<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人在安装了机械手和电池的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下重13.6千克，可一人用背包携带，可用于侦查、拆弹，可爬楼梯，可举起10千克的物体，并可连续旋转360度，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>四台彩色摄像机<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>图像，大大扩展该车的适用范围。在该车后部还可携带一架无人机。其<span style="color: black;">选择</span>的是R80D“Skyraider”四轴无人机，该机高0.45米，总长1.35米，重量5千克，最大载荷3.5千克，最大空中速度为50千米/时，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>携带2千克的有效载荷在空中停留长达50分钟，可<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>无人车侦查前方<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Ripsaw M5无人战车配备了由挪威康斯贝格<span style="color: black;">机构</span>设计的MCT-30炮塔。该炮塔方向射界360度，回转速率60度/秒。配备双路75发供弹的MK44 II型30毫米自动炮，一挺M240型7.62毫米并列机枪，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还能安装标枪反坦克导弹和制导火箭弹。MK44大毒蛇机炮重约154.6千克，长约3.4米，炮膛内有16条膛线。火炮采用24伏电机驱动，每分钟可发射250发炮弹，可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>单发、5发点射和全自动模式，有效射程2000米、最大射程3000米，这个炮塔<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是海军陆战队ACV步战的炮塔，可实现通用化，这个炮塔扩展性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很强，想上什么全凭腰包，安装标枪导弹<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是可选项。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在防务展展示的Ripsaw M5无人战车炮塔上还安装有Tac FLIR 280-HD光电系统。该系统重25千克，安装有982毫米的焦距镜头，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高清<span style="color: black;">影像</span>、多视场观测视野、分离屏幕、画面中<span style="color: black;">表示</span>画面、中波红外热<span style="color: black;">影像</span>仪、短波红外<span style="color: black;">影像</span>仪，可穿透薄雾、烟雾、阴霾等，具备激光<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>和照射功能。该系统<span style="color: black;">运用</span>人工智能进行<span style="color: black;">目的</span>检测，能够区分动物和人，可打击敌方<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。Ripsaw M5能够依靠航路点导航执行“引导跟随移动”和“越野移动”。该战车在沙漠、雪地、丘陵或崎岖地形，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>配置<span style="color: black;">区别</span>武器站，执行车队保护、周边防御、<span style="color: black;">监测</span>、营救、边境巡逻、人群<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>和爆炸性弹药处置等任务。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这次</span>新展出的无人防空车采用了天空游侠30 防空炮塔，座圈直径1414毫米。<span style="color: black;">持有</span>STANAG4569标准2级装甲防护，可升级至4级防护，安装有一门30毫米KSE转膛炮，2021年底<span style="color: black;">起始</span>测试，从2022年年中<span style="color: black;">起始</span>全面试射。该炮是在1970年代<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的30mm厄利孔<span style="color: black;">机构</span>KCA机载炮（萨博37机炮）的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上发展的，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>30×173mm口径弹药，备弹252发，<span style="color: black;">实质</span>射速高达1000-1200发/分，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>发射AHEAD可编程弹药。该炮俯仰角为-10到+ 85度，打击范围3000米，射速16发/秒。该炮塔还配备了ROSY多光谱烟雾弹发射系统。炮塔左侧有预留空间，用于安装防空导弹发射器，用于安装两到四枚<span style="color: black;">各样</span>类型的红外或激光制导的近程防空导弹，其中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>美国毒刺、MBDA的西北风导弹，以及阿联酋EDGE集团SkyKnight C-RAM 导弹系统。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">该炮塔在在炮塔侧面各方向上安装有五个AMMR型S波段有源相控阵雷达，可<span style="color: black;">供给</span>360°全方位覆盖，对无人机类型小<span style="color: black;">目的</span>的探测范围<span style="color: black;">达到</span>20千米，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>选装厄利孔X-TAR3D型X波段探测雷达。炮塔上还安装了FIRST（快速红外搜索和跟踪）搜索系统和TREO跟踪和火控系统，其中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>热<span style="color: black;">影像</span>MWIR摄像机，可连续变焦，视野范围为1.3°至23°；还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>一台CCD电视摄像头，可连续变焦，视野范围为0.75°至37°，以及两个激光测距仪，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在6千米隐蔽探测<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。该炮塔可在内部集成Sky master火控系统，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>人工智能区分<span style="color: black;">目的</span>和预测<span style="color: black;">目的</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>。该炮塔还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>配备配备检测无人机无线电<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>信号的无源定位天线和能够<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>干扰此类信号并阻止无人机完成任务的干扰器，以及激光防空系统。该炮塔<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可安装在步战车底盘上。</span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">其实这种无人车各国都在进行发展，毕竟一不怕死二不怕累的无人战车<span style="color: black;">能够</span>执行<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>危险的任务，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行巡逻、<span style="color: black;">监测</span>、侦查，从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>态势感知能力，<span style="color: black;">协同</span>有人车作战，从而<span style="color: black;">保准</span>部队的安全。但发展无人战车<span style="color: black;">亦</span>面临<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>问题，毕竟无人车价格<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很高，与有人车价格比率应该达到多少？遥控数据链抗干扰能力<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>加强，编制问题<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>？<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>应该赋予其人工智能主动杀人能力，敌我识别怎么搞定？这些问题都需要在以后的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中加以<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>天空游侠30炮塔的集成<span style="color: black;">亦</span>说明美国人越来越关注<span style="color: black;">针对</span>无人机的防御，毕竟在可探测无人机的雷达加持下，相比于导弹，发射可编程炮弹的高射速高炮在对抗小型无人机时<span style="color: black;">表现</span>出了相当强的有效性，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>在俄乌战场<span style="color: black;">亦</span>证明了这一点，天空游侠30还能够集成激光武器站，能够<span style="color: black;">增多</span>对抗无人机的手段，更能适合<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的作战环境。</span></span></p>
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