论坛 › 吉林 › 红斑狼疮到底有多可怕？

tw4ld6 发表于 2024-6-20 16:19:27

红斑狼疮到底有多可怕？

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240511/d8b8993a1e6344579b10152c25bdf2b5.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了提<span style="color: black;">高挑</span>家对狼疮病的认知，</span><span style="color: black;">以及对狼疮病人的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>为了促进对狼疮病的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>治疗，</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">每年的5月10日</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">被定为“世界狼疮日”。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240511/e9d4dc8c74a846faa8c11a318960bd48.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">红斑狼疮到底是何<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>？</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">重点</span></span><span style="color: black;">有三种类型：盘状红斑狼疮、深部红斑狼疮、系统性红斑狼疮。其中，系统性红斑狼疮</span><span style="color: black;">是在红斑狼疮各类型中</span><span style="color: black;">最为严重的一型。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">系统性红斑狼疮到底是什么？</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240511/dc3a7c70e4604641a5cfabd14bed8a29.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">系统性红斑狼疮是一种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，初发起病<span style="color: black;">常常</span>好发于20-40岁女性，可能与雌激素旺盛<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>形成致病性<span style="color: black;">自己</span>抗体和免疫复合物，从而攻击<span style="color: black;">自己</span>器官和组织。<span style="color: black;">初期</span>系统性红斑狼疮的表现<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不典型，以发烧、疲倦、乏力、食欲缺乏、关节肌肉<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>为首<span style="color: black;">发布</span>现。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有80%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>皮疹，最典型的为蝶</span><span style="color: black;">形红斑，甲</span><span style="color: black;">周红斑。约28-70%<span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肾脏受累，<span style="color: black;">详细</span>表现为蛋白尿、高血压。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>狼疮病情活动，血红蛋白、白细胞或（和）血小板减少<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，系统性红斑狼疮还可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺间质病变、肺泡<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，累及神经系统、心血管系统、消化系统。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">概括来讲，</span><span style="color: black;">系统性红斑狼疮是一种</span><span style="color: black;">全身性的<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫病。</span><span style="color: black;">它不仅会影响面部的皮肤，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会影响到人体的心、肺、</span><span style="color: black;">肾脏、中枢神经系统等</span><span style="color: black;">全身各个脏器组织。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>不系统治疗的话，</span><span style="color: black;">五年的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>20%。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">红斑狼疮是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的？ <span style="color: black;">为何</span>女性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>更<span style="color: black;">平常</span>？</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那这种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>到底是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的呢？很遗憾<span style="color: black;">，到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止，科学界对红斑狼疮的成因依然<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个确凿单一的结论——就像<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法准确地回答大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>发生的<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但和癌症<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>找到了<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，有这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的人群，<span style="color: black;">出现</span>红斑狼疮的可能性会更高<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。从某种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，它是遗传、激素和环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>相结合的结果。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了 50 多种与红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的基因，这就好比是身体里的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊的<span style="color: black;">暗码</span>，可能会让人<span style="color: black;">更易</span>得这个病。换句话说，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家里有人得过红斑狼疮，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着这个家族的成员可能<span style="color: black;">更易</span>得红斑狼疮。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>，并非有了这些基因就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会<span style="color: black;">患病</span>。好比一对含有这些基因的双胞胎，一个可能会得红斑狼疮，另一个可能就不会。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，红斑狼疮在女性中更为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可能是雌激素<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。虽</span>然还<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据证明，雌激素或任何其他激素与狼疮之间有直接的因果关系，但许多女性在<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>前期或怀孕<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，当雌激素水平较高时，红斑狼疮症状更为严重，这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>激素可能在调节红斑狼疮活动中起到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240511/03430b95d55243f4aebab1f97b085274.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下多种症状 可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>红斑狼疮</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>以下这些红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状：</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">疲劳和发热</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能会经历<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的疲乏和<span style="color: black;">持续</span>的低烧。这些症状是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">反常</span>活跃<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的全身性炎症。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">关节<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、僵硬和肿胀</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些症状<span style="color: black;">一般</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>手腕、手指和膝盖等关节部位，影响<span style="color: black;">平常</span>活动和生活质量。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">面部蝴蝶状皮疹</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是红斑狼疮最典型的标志之一，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>两颊和鼻梁上，形状像蝴蝶的翅膀。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">日光<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的皮肤可能对阳光过敏，阳光暴露可能会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>或加剧皮肤病变。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">5</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">手指和脚趾在寒冷或压力下变色</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是“雷诺现象”，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的手指或脚趾可能在寒冷或应激<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下变为白色或蓝色。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">6</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">气短和胸痛</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些症状可能<span style="color: black;">显示</span>红斑狼疮影响到了肺部或心脏。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">7</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">干眼症和视力问题</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">狼疮可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>眼睛干涩和视力问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">8</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">头痛、<span style="color: black;">认识</span>模糊和记忆丧失</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">当狼疮影响大脑时，可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这些神经系统症状</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240511/b717c1ba1ec64a4f8269bd9da1bf85e0.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">红斑狼疮可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>多种并发症，如肾脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、大脑和中枢神经系统问题、血液和血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、肺炎症和心脏问题等。其中</span><span style="color: black;">‍</span>，血小板降低是红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的典型症状之一。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">没</span>差别攻击和破坏健康的血小板，还可<span style="color: black;">‍</span>能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>脾脏肿大，<span style="color: black;">从而</span>阻碍血小板的循环。以及红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的某些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，如环孢素、吗替麦考酚酯和硫唑嘌呤<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">控制</span>骨髓中血小板的产生，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>血小板减少。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血小板是血液中的一种细胞，它们<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>血液凝固，防止<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，当血小板<span style="color: black;">显现</span>严重的减少的时候，最有可能的表现<span style="color: black;">便是</span>流血不止，<span style="color: black;">另一</span>还会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>瘀伤、小伤口<span style="color: black;">流血</span>时间过长、皮肤上<span style="color: black;">显现</span>小红点、经期过重或疲劳等，以及在严重的撞击<span style="color: black;">或</span>外伤后，严重的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">也</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">狼疮是不治之症吗？</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近30年来，随着免疫学的发展、诊断技术的进步和治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的改善，红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期已有大幅度<span style="color: black;">加强</span>，50年代的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率仅50%，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>10年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率已达90%。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>，25-30年后的存活率呈断崖式下降，仅为30%。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>了系统性红斑狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>存活率不<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>激素和免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂仍然是<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>近年来生物制剂<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>应用于狼疮<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。治疗手段的改善，使极少部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>能够达到<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>缓解。这一数据提示的是该类<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的治疗方式仍然有待革新。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">系统性红斑狼疮虽<span style="color: black;">不可</span>彻底除根</span><span style="color: black;">，但只要正规治疗，</span><span style="color: black;">它是完全能够<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">源自</span>河南省卫生健康委）</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">责编：丁 玲</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审核：李伟强</p>
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听听海 发表于 2024-8-22 21:28:47

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m5k1umn 发表于 2024-11-12 09:01:15

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查看完整版本: 红斑狼疮到底有多可怕？