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tw4ld6 发表于 2024-6-20 14:01:45

关于甲状腺癌，害处比你想象的严重

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/h5ldlBJickib1gMxicD2zYWSkMp1MsF1fRyDDcK8o54DSD1JNfhHexibZowAFIznaMI8Umnkkcw7wIy9LYGPUEzzpg/0?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺是一个蝴蝶形状的腺体，环绕在气管前方。甲状腺<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>人体能量的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。<span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>甲状腺部位<span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌变。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHO8OqkeYQ30XJ2u1pbKzA667moFleZtkS7kIWv1JicX9KWEbeBxuNmKw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.甲状腺癌的症状</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状。有时<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会在常规体检中查出肿块或淋巴结肿大。随着肿瘤<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>增长，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的脖子会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>其他症状：如<span style="color: black;">咳嗽、吞咽困难、甲状腺肿大、甲状腺结节、声音嘶哑、说话困难、淋巴结肿大等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHXMibCvuofItXsgJjgmkMafwO23iaiatvzaUZRRk66lO9icpiaf9VXjlm0SQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2.甲状腺癌的类型</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有两个类型的细胞：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">滤泡细胞</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>血液中的碘来制造甲状腺激素（<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>调节人体新陈代谢）。甲状腺激素太多（甲状腺功能亢进）会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心跳变快或<span style="color: black;">心率</span>不齐、失眠、紧张、饥饿、体重减轻、感觉热。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺激素太少（<a style="color: black;">甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span></a>）会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>一个人精力不济、疲劳、体重<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。甲状腺激素释放多少，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>脑垂体分泌一种叫做促甲状腺激素（TSH）的物质来管理的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span>阅读：<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>这10个影响甲状腺激素水平的<span style="color: black;">原因</span></a></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">C细胞（<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为旁滤细胞）</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">产生降钙素，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一种荷尔蒙激素，用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>身体<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>钙。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺内还有其他不太<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的细胞，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>免疫系统细胞（淋巴细胞）和支持细胞（基质）。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">不同类型的细胞会发展出不同的癌症。</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">这些差异是很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>会影响癌症的严重程度，以及<span style="color: black;">必须</span>什么类型的治疗。甲状腺中的肿瘤有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>类型。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>都是良性的（非癌），但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有恶性肿瘤（癌症），恶性的可能会扩散到<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的组织或身体其他部位。良性甲状腺肿大和结节甲状腺<span style="color: black;">体积</span>和形状的变化常常<span style="color: black;">能够</span>感觉到。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增大的医学术语是甲状腺肿。</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>甲状腺肿是弥散的，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>腺体肿大。另<span style="color: black;">有些</span>是结节性的肿大，即甲状腺肿大并且里面有一个或多个结节（肿块）。甲状腺肿大的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>时候并不是癌症。弥散性和结节性甲状腺肿大<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>某些激素失衡<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。例如<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中缺碘，会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>激素水平变化，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺肿。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺内的肿块<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为甲状腺结节。</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺结节是良性的，20例中<span style="color: black;">大概</span>2-3例是癌症。有时，这些结节会分泌<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的甲状腺激素，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺功能亢进。能产生甲状腺激素的结节几乎都是良性的。任何年纪的人都可能患甲状腺结节，但它多发于老年人。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">大部分结节囊肿充满液体或胶状的甲状腺激素。</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">实质性结节<span style="color: black;">无</span>液体或胶体。这些结节是癌症的可能性更高。某些类型的固体结节，如增生性结节和腺瘤有许多细胞，但并非癌细胞。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">良性甲状腺结节只要不增长或<span style="color: black;">导致</span>症状，有时<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不予处理。其它可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>某种形式的治疗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span>阅读：<a style="color: black;">搞清这7个问题，甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>治~</a></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）乳头状腺癌</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">约8/10的甲状腺癌是乳头状癌，多见于<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人，常为女性，此型生长缓慢，属低度恶性，转移多在颈部淋巴结。即使成长缓慢，乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>经常会扩散到颈部淋巴结。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，扩散到淋巴结的癌症<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>成功治愈，很少会致命。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）滤泡状腺癌</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为滤泡细胞癌或滤泡腺癌，是第二<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的类型，约占甲状腺癌的1/10。多见于中年人，发展较<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，属中度恶性，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>转移途径是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液到达骨和肺。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（3）未分化癌</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">未分化癌是甲状腺癌的一种罕见形式，约占甲状腺癌的2%，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于老年人，此型发展<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，属高度恶性，发病<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>局部淋巴结转移，或侵犯喉返神经、气管、食管，并经常血行转移到骨和肺。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（4）髓样癌（MTC）</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">约占甲状腺癌的4%，是甲状腺中C细胞癌变产生的，C细胞在正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下会产生降钙素（<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>血液中的钙的激素）。组织学上虽呈“未分化”状态，但其生物特性与未分化癌不同。恶性程度中等，较早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>淋巴结转移，并可血行转移到骨和肺。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种类型的甲状腺癌更难<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和治疗，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有2个类型。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">散发性MTC：约占MTC中的8/10，不会家族遗传。多发于老年人，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>只影响一个甲状腺叶。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">家族性MTC：<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>遗传性，家族中每一代有20%-25%可能会患这种病。这种癌症<span style="color: black;">常常</span>儿童或<span style="color: black;">青年</span>时就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>发展，扩散的<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很早。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>，两侧甲状腺会各有好几处癌症。家族性MTC<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能会使其他类型的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（5）不<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的甲状腺癌</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌症中，有不到4%是甲状腺淋巴瘤、甲状腺恶性肉瘤或其他罕见的肿瘤。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（6）甲状旁腺癌&nbsp;</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">位置于</span>甲状腺<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>与甲状腺相连的4个小腺体，叫作甲状旁腺。甲状旁腺会<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>调节身体的钙水平。甲状旁腺癌是非常罕见的，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>了高血钙水平才会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。血钙过高会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>疲惫、<span style="color: black;">没</span>力和嗜睡。还会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>尿多、脱水，并让<span style="color: black;">没</span>力和嗜睡<span style="color: black;">状况</span>加剧。其他症状<span style="color: black;">包含</span>骨骼<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、骨折、肾结石<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、抑郁和便秘。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">很强</span>的甲状旁腺癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>结节。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论多大的结节，<span style="color: black;">独一</span>的治疗手段是手术切除。甲状旁腺癌比甲状腺癌更难治疗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHFzUpN4zZLvvdtNeyLcjdugkWw4zTRwoqQe42wSe5gSfT97foL952eA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.病因有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌多发于女性，20-40岁的女性群体是多发人群。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>确切的病因<span style="color: black;">日前</span>尚难肯定，但从流行病学调查、肿瘤实验性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床观察，甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>可能与下列<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">约5～10%甲状腺髓样癌有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的家族史，<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>合并有嗜铬细胞瘤等病，推测这类癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>可能与染色体遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）碘和TSH</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">摄碘过量或缺碘均可使甲状腺的结构和功能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变。相反，高碘<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>易诱发甲状腺癌，冰岛和日本是摄碘量最高的国家，其甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>率较其他国家高。这可能与TSH刺激甲状腺增生的<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。实验证明，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的TSH刺激能<span style="color: black;">促进</span>甲状腺增生，形成结节和癌变。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（3）其他甲状腺病变</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">临床上有甲状腺腺癌、慢性甲状腺炎、结节性甲状腺肿或某些毒性甲状腺肿<span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌变的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，但这些甲状腺病变与甲状腺癌的关系尚难肯定。以甲状腺腺瘤为例，甲状腺腺瘤绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>为滤泡型，仅2～5%为乳头状瘤；如甲状腺癌由腺瘤转变而成，则绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>应为滤泡型，而<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上甲状腺癌半数以上为乳头状癌，推测甲状腺腺瘤癌变的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是很小的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（4）放射性<span style="color: black;">损害</span></strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用X线照射实验鼠的甲状腺，能<span style="color: black;">促进</span>动物<span style="color: black;">出现</span>甲状腺癌。实验证明131Ⅰ能使甲状腺细胞的代谢<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变化，细胞核变形，甲状腺素的合成大为减少。可见放射线一方面<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺细胞的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>分裂，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌变；另一方面使甲状腺破坏而<span style="color: black;">不可</span>产生内分泌素，由此<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的促甲状腺激素（TSH）<span style="color: black;">海量</span>分泌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能促发甲状腺细胞癌变。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHPiacsloKGt5PGZssM8FngYX1BwWjRtHobQ1rtgQAADicUmss3peZdYrA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>诊断？</span></strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会查看病史并<span style="color: black;">检测</span>你的身体，可能还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">验血</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺功能化验</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">：<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是促甲状腺激素（TSH）的测定；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">核素扫描</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">：放射性碘或锝的同位素扫描<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（ECT）是判断甲状腺结节的功能<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺超声波扫描</strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">：超声是<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>甲状腺结节、并初步判断其良恶性的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段，是细针穿刺活检（FNA）实施可能性的判断标准，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是效益比最高的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>手段；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">针吸涂片细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">：针吸活检<span style="color: black;">包含</span>细针穿刺活检及粗针穿刺活检两种，前者是细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，后者是组织学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">彩超</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的可疑恶变的甲状腺结节，可采用该<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHJrSq2lGwqewKuxx28JiaGMz0sjk33feZYI1V3JOSWR4F1huqqf4iat3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.它<span style="color: black;">平常</span>吗？</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我国统计<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，近10余年来，甲状腺癌的发病率增长了约4.6倍。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内平均甲状腺癌发病率为7.7/10万，其中女性甲状腺癌发病率为8.28/10万，居女性恶性肿瘤发病率的第8位。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>治疗？</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌的治疗可能<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗：如左甲状腺素钠片（优甲乐）、碘化钠口服溶液等；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">手术切除<span style="color: black;">所有</span>或部分甲状腺：手术是治疗的优先<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。做过手术的女性<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>要<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>，怀孕<span style="color: black;">时期</span>服药<span style="color: black;">保准</span>甲状腺素水平正常<span style="color: black;">就可</span>，与<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>手术过<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">放射性碘疗法；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">激素疗法；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">放疗；</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">化疗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>：甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">必须</span>术后终生<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>优甲乐。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHwrMtAhClwsGlLvMK9znmbqV5un0vUsGuYeV8pLdhrjOKFfHZqSRpvg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.家庭预防和护理</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防甲状腺癌</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免儿童期头颈部X线照射。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保持精神愉快，防止情志内伤，是预防本病<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>方面。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对水土<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>调摄，经常食用海带，<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是某些类型甲状腺癌的另一种诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">避免应用雌激素，因它对甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>起着促进<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对甲状腺增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>及良性肿瘤应到医院进行积极。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌术后，积极采用中西医<span style="color: black;">药品</span>预防治疗是<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗效的有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。积极<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>身体，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>抗病能力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>手术治疗过甲状腺癌的病人，应在术后<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>第1-2年内每3个月或半年<span style="color: black;">检测</span>一次，以后每半年或1年<span style="color: black;">检测</span>1次。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>颈部和原手术部位<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有肿块。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项</strong></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">多吃</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">多吃<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>消结散肿<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>菱、芋艿、油菜、芥菜、猕猴桃。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宜多吃<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>：香菇、蘑菇、木耳、核桃、薏米、红枣、山药、<span style="color: black;">没</span>花果。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span>阅读：<a style="color: black;">舌尖上的健康，提</a>高免疫力还得会吃！</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">极度缺碘地区<span style="color: black;">重视</span>多吃含碘量高的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如海带、紫菜、发菜、淡菜、干贝、蛏、海蜇、海参、龙虾、带鱼、鲐鱼、鱼肚、蚶、蛤、甲鱼。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有传言认为甲状腺癌是加碘盐<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，中国疾控中心<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>直接证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>食盐加碘与甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">上升</span>的现象<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHZwCWAvg5wqewT4WOID2lrQMddtux9mTzE4ZUWeX7eBibpMy1bIvDicZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">少吃</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">忌烟、酒。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">忌辛辣刺激性<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如葱、蒜、花椒、辣椒、桂皮、姜等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">忌肥腻、油煎<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h5ldlBJickib1ZJwuXXoiaicvkYF3zH41ZnHZNZXfIfXX9ib9U6FqbcnpPiaeBU1at72zlkPUFkK0SicheCQPUBTOQ9ew/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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aikangjian 发表于 2024-8-30 17:48:16

祝福你、祝你幸福、早日实现等。

time 发表于 2024-9-3 17:09:20

软文发布平台 http://www.fok120.com/

7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-9-29 07:14:47

可以发布外链的网站 http://www.fok120.com/

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-14 10:06:22

回顾过去一年，是艰难的一年；展望未来，是辉煌的一年。

1fy07h 发表于 2024-11-7 02:10:57

期待更新、坐等、迫不及待等。

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