甲状腺肿大是什么原由引起？必要手术吗？有哪些症状？一文弄清
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当脖子肿了，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都以为是扁桃体发炎，吃点消炎药什么的就行；<span style="color: black;">然则</span>当你的这种症状一两天内<span style="color: black;">无</span>好转，就要<span style="color: black;">小心</span>可能会甲状腺肿大惹的祸。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种会<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">引起</span>脖子变肿的甲状腺肿大是一种什么<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>呢？</strong>今天昆明中研甲状腺医院就带你<span style="color: black;">认识</span>一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240429/25945e713a4946a5a648ce4f6a7a00e6.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺，是<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>颈前下方的“蝴蝶状”内分泌腺体，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是人体最大的内分泌腺。而<strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺肿大则是指因人体的甲状腺激素不足而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的甲状腺<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肥大增生的症状。</strong> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺激素的合成与碘的摄入<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人体每日<span style="color: black;">必须</span>摄入60~80μg的碘来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>合成甲状腺激素。当碘摄入不足时，就可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺激素含量不足，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺的肿大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">判断甲状腺<span style="color: black;">可否</span>肿大，<strong style="color: blue;">最简单的办法是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>照镜子的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来观察自己的颈部。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是男性，就观察喉结的两侧及外下方有<span style="color: black;">无</span>局部的包块。当然，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用手去触摸局部，<span style="color: black;">或</span>是抚摸局部有<span style="color: black;">无</span>包块肿大的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>健康体检，在超声的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>下来探查，<span style="color: black;">或</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>、体检<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的触诊来判断</strong><span style="color: black;">是否</span>存在甲状腺的肿大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺肿大的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遗传缺陷或基因突变，可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺激素合成<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>单纯性甲状腺肿的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，携带<span style="color: black;">有些</span>与遗传易感<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的HLA和非HLA基因个体容易<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性甲状腺炎<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的甲状腺肿大，常伴有甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">细菌感染</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细菌<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>急性化脓性甲状腺炎，而病毒<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>病毒性甲状腺炎，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为亚急性甲状腺炎。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>影响</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某些<span style="color: black;">食品</span>和水中的碘化物、致甲状腺肿物质和某些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(如硫脲类、高氯酸盐等)，可<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>甲状腺激素合成或直接<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如含<span style="color: black;">海量</span>钙和氟的饮用水，硫脲药、四环素类药等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240429/df3f59f581d44b6488747ffa40986489.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>青春期、怀孕、哺乳期<span style="color: black;">针对</span>碘的需求量相对<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，而又遇到了摄入不足的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>散发性甲状腺肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺刺激性或阻断性抗体，结合或阻断促甲状腺激素受体，导致甲状腺滤泡上皮增生，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺肿大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>发病率越来越高，但甲状腺腺体相对比较孤立且靠近体表，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的确诊率很高，且治疗效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>较好。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>能做到以下几点：<strong style="color: blue;">尽快就诊、<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断、<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗、按时随访。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240429/0296e371632042feb36dcb06d1d10eb5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺的肿大程度<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>病情以及个体的差异呈现轻重不一的表现，医学上<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿大的程度，分为三种等级。其中最<span style="color: black;">显著</span>症状<span style="color: black;">便是</span>脖子变粗，当然，还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>其他的典型症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.轻（Ⅰ）度肿大</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">颈部看不到,但触诊<span style="color: black;">能够</span>摸到甲状腺。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240429/1e3e702bf5174fee977e06a95941585c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此时的肿胀是肉眼看不出来的，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的症状，只是有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>四肢<span style="color: black;">没</span>力、不愿意说话、焦虑等非常不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.中（Ⅱ）度肿大</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">颈部<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到肿大的甲状腺，触诊<span style="color: black;">能够</span>摸到肿大轮廓，但甲状腺<span style="color: black;">无</span>超过胸锁乳突肌的后缘。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>脖子就会变粗，这是二度肿大的比较<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的一个标志，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>还会伴有心跳加快、心悸、饥饿、体重下降、以及眼球<span style="color: black;">明显</span>等一系列的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.重（Ⅲ）度肿大</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">视诊、触诊均可<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肿大的甲状腺，且甲状腺超出了胸锁乳突肌的后缘。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240429/50668d991b0e416f819e63161f4cc5e5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的甲状腺肿大是<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的，并且<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了比较严重的症状，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>甲状腺会压迫到气管，而使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的气管严重弯曲、位置移动、细小等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。并且伴有<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>困难、脸上和脖子上<span style="color: black;">显现</span>淤血、肿胀、嗓子疼、声音嘶哑，更有甚者会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>窒息。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240429/8b7a6cf51a5a4f12a7eca87f0db224d4.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由干个体差异大，用药不存在绝对的最好，最快，最有效，除常用非处方药外，应在<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>下充分结合个人<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>最合适的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当甲状腺激素水平超出或<span style="color: black;">小于</span>正常范围，可针对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不同病因，症状和体征，采取相应的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.口服放射性131碘</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">适用于<span style="color: black;">不可</span>手术的单纯性甲状腺肿<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿、甲状腺高功能瘤等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗后可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>甲状腺毒症、甲减、放射性甲状腺炎等并发症，妊娠哺乳期<span style="color: black;">女性</span>、严重心、肝、肾衰竭或活动性结核，甲状腺摄碘不能或提碘功能低下者，甲状腺肿极度肿大伴有压迫者忌用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.手术治疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下<span style="color: black;">状况</span>时，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>手术治疗 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.甲状腺肿邻近器官<span style="color: black;">导致</span>压迫症状；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.甲状腺巨大，有压迫症状，如<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，吞咽困难，声音嘶哑和饮水呛咳；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.结节性甲状腺肿伴甲状腺功能亢进；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.胸骨后甲状腺肿；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.结节性甲状腺肿疑有恶变或<span style="color: black;">不可</span>排除恶性病变；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.伴有可疑恶性结节；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">.抗甲状腺<span style="color: black;">药品</span>或131治疗后复发或<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">保持</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>用药； </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.中医治疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺肿归属中医“应病”范畴，临床<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症型有气滞痰阳，疼结血瘀，肝火旺盛，心肝血虑四种，治疗以理气化痰，消变散结为基本治则 。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">选取</span>哪种方式，都<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要到正规医院，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的诊断、<span style="color: black;">指点</span>用药，<strong style="color: blue;">不要私自购药<span style="color: black;">运用</span>或停药、增减<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>觉得自己有疑似甲亢的症状，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院进行<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早治疗！<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑：网友投稿</span></p>
“板凳”（第三个回帖的人）
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