软考系规:计算机网络技术总结
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1、OSI七层协议</h1>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OSI</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">协 议</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">说 明</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">应用层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">HTTP、Telnet、FTP、SMTP、NFS</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是OSI的最高层。这一层的协议直接为端用户服务,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>分布式处理环境。负责对软件<span style="color: black;">供给</span>接口以使程序能<span style="color: black;">运用</span>网络服务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">JPEG、ASCII、GIF、DES、MPEG</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">专输数据的表现方式心它的语法和语输数<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>服务的例子有统一的数据编码、数据压缩格式和加密技术等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">会话层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">RPC、SQL、NFS</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负责在网络中的两节点之间<span style="color: black;">创立</span>和维持通信,以及<span style="color: black;">供给</span>交互会话的管理工程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传输层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TCP、UDP、SPX</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">端到端的传输,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>负责<span style="color: black;">保证</span>数据<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>、<span style="color: black;">次序</span>、无错地从A端到B端。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">IP、ICMP、IGMP、IPX、</strong></p><strong style="color: blue;">ARP、RARP
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是确定数据报(packet)从发送方到接收方应该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>路由,以及拥塞<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、数据报的分片与重组。单位一分组</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据链路层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE802.3/.2、HDLC、PPP、ATM</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这一层的功能是<span style="color: black;">创立</span>、维持和释放网络实体之间的数据链路,这种数据链路对网络层表现为一条无差错的信道。负责在两个相邻结点间的线路上,无差错地传送以帧(frame)为单位的数据以及流量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>信息,即差错<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、流量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、帧同步。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理学</span>层</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">RS232、V.35、RJ-45、FDDI</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这一层规定通信设备机械的、电气的、功能的和过程的特性的<span style="color: black;">理学</span>媒介,用以<span style="color: black;">创立</span>、维持和释放数据链路实体间的连接。单位是bit。</p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2、TCP/IP四层协议</h1>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/14ffb3533db94dc9915884263a30291b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=30OcrnKKirVGC0AUgw2YC%2BRsLEE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TCP/IP协议<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>的知识:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)TCP/IP的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">次高层相当于OSI的传输层</span></strong>,该层负责在源主机和目的主机之间<span style="color: black;">供给</span>端对端的数据传输服务。这一层上<span style="color: black;">重点</span>定义了两个协议:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">面向连接的传输<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>协议TCP和无连接的用户数据报协议UDP</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)TCP/IP的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第2层相当于OSI的网络层</span></strong>,该层负责将分组独立地从信源传送到信宿,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>路由<span style="color: black;">选取</span>、阻塞<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>及网际互联问题。这一层上<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">定义了互联网协议IP、<span style="color: black;">位置</span>转换协议ARP、反向<span style="color: black;">位置</span>转换协议RARP和互联网<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>报文协议ICMP等协议</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)TCP/IP的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">最底层为网络接口层</span></strong>,该层负责<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">将IP分组封装成适合在<span style="color: black;">理学</span>网络上传输的帧格式并发送出去</span></strong>,或将<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">从<span style="color: black;">理学</span>网络接收到的帧卸装并取出IP分组递交给高层</span></strong>。这一层与<span style="color: black;">理学</span>网络的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>实现<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,<span style="color: black;">自己</span>并无专用的协议。事实上,任何能传输IP分组的协议都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>运行。虽然该层<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>专门的TCP/IP协议,各<span style="color: black;">理学</span>网络可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>自己的数据链路层协议和<span style="color: black;">理学</span>层协议,但<span style="color: black;">运用</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">串行线路进行连接时仍<span style="color: black;">必须</span>运行SLIP或PPP协议。</span></strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3、网络各层设备及功能</h1>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/8913324cfa334b068232092b20d79185~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=ue5SileUdvzB%2Bm1eDTLj0kUVMyI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/6f4c1ce517174cd1951cfaa7796aae9e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=srrwNHGmcPL%2B9M3kfMKnMfgJImY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">4、<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的应用层协议</h1><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">FTP</span></strong>(File TransportProtocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">文件传输协议</span></strong>)是网络上两台计算机传送文件的协议,是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>Internet将文件从一台计算机传输到另一台计算机的一种途径,FTP在客户机和服务器之间需<span style="color: black;">创立</span>两条TCP连接,一条用于传送<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>信息(<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>21号端口</span></strong>),另一条用于传送数据内容(<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>20号端口</span></strong>)。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TFTP</span></strong>(Trivial FileTransfer Protocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">简单文件传输协议</span></strong>)是用来在客户机与服务器之间进行简单文件传输的协议,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号69。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">HTTP</span></strong>(Hypertext TransferProtocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">超文本传输协议</span></strong>)是用于从WWW服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传送协议。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号80,HTTPS(HTTP+SSL)端口号443。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">SMTP</span></strong>(Simple Mail TransferProtocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">简单邮件传输协议</span></strong>)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>在TCP之上</span></strong>,是一种<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>且有效的电子邮件传输的协议。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">SMTP是建模在FTP之上的端口号25</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">POP3</span></strong>:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">110端口</span></strong>,邮件的收取,采用的是Client/Server模式,客户端代理与POP3服务器<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TCP连接</span></strong>来传送数据,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>模式:离线<span style="color: black;">拜访</span></span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">DHCP</span></strong>(Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">动态主机配置协议</span></strong>)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号67。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Telnet</span></strong>(<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">远程登录协议</span></strong>)是登录和仿真程序,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>在TCP之上</span></strong>,它的基本功能是<span style="color: black;">准许</span>用户登录进入远程计算机系统。以前Telnet是一个将所有用户输入送到远程计算机进行处理的简单的终端程序,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号25。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">SNMP</span></strong>(Simple NetworkManagement Protocol,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">简单网络管理协议</span></strong>)是为<span style="color: black;">认识</span>决Internet上的路由器管理问题而提出的,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IP、IPX、AppleTalk</span></strong>和其他传输协议上<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号为161</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">DNS</span></strong>(Domain NameSystem,域名系统)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在Internet上域名与IP<span style="color: black;">位置</span>之间</span></strong>是一一对应的,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">端口号53</span></strong>。<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">5、传输层协议</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传输层<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有两个传输协议,分别是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TCP和UDP(User Datagram Protocol,用户数据报协议)</span></strong>,这些协议负责<span style="color: black;">供给</span>流量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、错误校验和排序服务。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">基于UDP的协议VIOP、SNMP、TFTP、DNS、DHCP</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">口诀:喂!石头蛋蛋(STDD)。</span></strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/1621ff5123804d469953a7a78e0adc3b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=JG0TYbUrkmA6iMX0%2BP83af81aEk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">6、网络层协议</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络层中的协议<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IP:</span></strong>所<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的服务<span style="color: black;">一般</span>被认为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">是无连接的和不<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span></span></strong>的,它将差错检测和流量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>之类的服务授权给了其他的各层协议。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">ARP:</span></strong>用于动态地完成<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IP<span style="color: black;">位置</span>向<span style="color: black;">理学</span><span style="color: black;">位置</span>的转换</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">RARP:</span></strong>用于动态完成<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理学</span><span style="color: black;">位置</span>向IP<span style="color: black;">位置</span>的转换</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">ICMP:</span></strong>是一个专门用于<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">发送差错报文的协议</span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>IP协议是一种尽力传送的通信协议,即传送的数据可能丢失、重复、延迟或乱序传递,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>一种<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免差错并能在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>差错时报告的机制,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>ICMP的功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IGMP:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">准许</span>Internet中的计算机参加多播,是计算机用作向相邻多目路由器报告多目<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员的协议。多目路由器是支持组播的路由器,它向本地网络发送IGMP<span style="color: black;">查找</span>,计算机<span style="color: black;">经过</span>发送IGMP报告来应答<span style="color: black;">查找</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">7、IEEE802协议族</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IEEE802规范定义了网卡<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>传输介质(如光缆、双绞线、无线等),以及<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在传输介质上传输数据的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,还定义了传输信息的网络设备之间连接的建IEEE802规范<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.1(802协议概论)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.2(<span style="color: black;">规律</span>链路<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>层LLC协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">802.3(以太网的CSMA/CD载波监听多路<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>/冲突检测)</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.4(令牌总线Token Bus协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.5(令牌环Token Ring协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.6(城域网MAN协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.7(FDDI宽带技术协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.8(光纤技术协议)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.9(局域网上的语音/数据集成规范)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">802.10(局域网安全互操作标准)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">802.11(无线局域网WLAN标准协议)</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">口诀:1概 2逻 3C 司令 五环 六城 7F、8光、 11无</span></strong></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">类别</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">速率</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">传输介质</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE 802.3</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">标准以太网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10Mb/s</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细同轴电缆</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE 802.3u</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">快速以太网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">100Mb/s</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">双绞线</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IEEE 802.3z</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">千兆以太网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1000Mb/s</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">光纤或双绞线</p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">8、广域网协议</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">广域网协议<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:<span style="color: black;">PPP点对点协议、ISDN综合业务数字网、xDSL</span></strong>(DSL数字用户线路的统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:HDSL、SDSL、MVL、ADSL)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">DDN数字专线、x25、FR帧中继、ATM异步传输模式。</span></strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">9、IPV6</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IPV6是为<span style="color: black;">认识</span>决IPV4中<span style="color: black;">位置</span>空间<span style="color: black;">不足</span>的问题</span></strong>,IPV6<span style="color: black;">位置</span>是一个<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">128位</span></strong>的<span style="color: black;">位置</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>用8组每组4个十六进制</span></strong>数(从0到F)来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,每组之间用英文冒号(:)分隔,例如:2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334。IPv6<span style="color: black;">位置</span>有一个特性,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">叫做“零压缩”</span></strong>,它<span style="color: black;">准许</span>将连续的零组替换为一个双冒号(::)。但请<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,双冒号只能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一次。例如,<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">位置</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>简写为:2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">IPV6的优点:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">供给</span>更大的<span style="color: black;">位置</span>空间</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">更简单的头信息</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">与mobile ip和ipsec保持兼容的移动性和安全性</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">提供丰富的从IPV4到IPV6的转换和互操作的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,ipsec在Ipv6中是强制的。</span></strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>统一资源定位器(URL)</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">WWW上的每一个网页都有一个独立的<span style="color: black;">位置</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">位置</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">统一资源定位器(URL)</span></strong>,只要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>某网页的URL,便可直接打开该网页。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>URL的格式及E-mail的格式:用户名@主机域名。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">11、网络<span style="color: black;">归类</span>、组网和接入技术</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<span style="color: black;">按照</span>计算机<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络覆盖的地理范围<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">局域网、城域网、广域网</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<span style="color: black;">按照</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">链路传输<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>技术<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong>,分为:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">总线争用技术、令牌技术、FDDI技术、ATM技术、帧中继技术和ISDN技术</span></strong>。其中,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">总线争用技术</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">以太网的标识</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">ATM<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为异步传输模式</span></strong>,采用<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光纤<span style="color: black;">做为</span>传输介质</span></strong>,传输以<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">53个字节</span></strong>为单位的超小数据单元<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为信元。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">ISDN</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">综合业务数据网</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)网络<span style="color: black;">根据</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">拓扑结构划分</span></strong>有:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">总线型结构、环型结构、 星型结构、树型结构和网状结构</span></strong>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/460f79d9789448d4929fb3e12f8b74b7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=3%2B4wrZeEBED8kOFYa3Hkj9He%2FfM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)网络中的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据交换</span></strong><span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">电路交换、分组交换(数据包交换)、ATM交换、全光交换和标记交换</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Internet</span></strong>是数据报网络,其单位是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">bit</span></strong>,而<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">ATM</span></strong>为虚电路网络,其单位是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">码元</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络接入技术</span></strong>分为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光纤接入、同轴接入、铜线接入、无线接入</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光纤是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>传输速率最高的传输介质</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光网络技术</span></strong>分为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光传输技术、光节点技术、光接入技术</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">全光网(AON)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>信息从源节点到目的节点完全在光域进行。即<span style="color: black;">所有</span>采用光波技术完成信息的传输和交换的宽带网络。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">无线通信网络,</span></strong>无线电波<span style="color: black;">做为</span>信息传输媒介<span style="color: black;">按照</span>应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>可分为:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">无线个域网(WPAN)、无线局域网 (WLAN)、无线城域网(WMAN)、蜂房移动通信网(WWAN)</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(8)3G是CDMA,3G的主流制式为CDMA2000、WCDMA、TD-SCDMA,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4G<span style="color: black;">包含</span>TD-LTE和FDD-LTE两种制式</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5G理论上可在28GHz超高频段以1Gbps的速度传送数据</span></strong>,且最长传送距离可<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">达2<span style="color: black;">千米</span></span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">12、网络存储结构</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络存储结构</strong>大致分为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">直连式存储(DAS)</span></strong>、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络存储设备(NAS)</span></strong>【<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">真正即插即用</span></strong>】和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">存储网络(SAN)</span></strong>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">存储系统架构</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">DAS</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NAS</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">SAN</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">安装难易度</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">困难</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据传输协议</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SCSI/FC/ATA</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TCP/IP</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">FC</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传输对象</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">数据块</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">文件</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">数据块</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>标准文件共享协议</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">否</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是(NFS/CIFS…)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">否</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">异种操作系统文件共享</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">否</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>转换设备</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">集中式管理</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>管理工具</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">管理难易度</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以网络为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,容易</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>,但<span style="color: black;">一般</span>很难</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">加强</span>服务器效率</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">否</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">劫难</span>忍受度</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">低</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高,专有<span style="color: black;">方法</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">适合对象</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中小组织服务器</p><span style="color: black;">绑缚</span>磁盘(JBOD)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中小组织</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">S O H O 族</p>组织部门
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大型组织</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">数据中心</p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">13、网络分层</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)网络服务器与普通PC机的最大差异为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在多用户多任务环境下的<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>性</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)网络分层:核心层、汇聚层、接入层</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">① <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">接入层:</span></strong>用户接入、计费管理、MAC<span style="color: black;">位置</span>认证、收集用户信息,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>网络规模<span style="color: black;">体积</span></span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<strong style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: black;">核心层:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是高速数据交换常用<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">冗余机制</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>用户规模<span style="color: black;">体积</span>、网络传输信息的种类、用户可投入资金</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③ <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">汇聚层:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是网络<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>策略<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、过滤寻址等功能,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">取决于网络</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">网络拓扑结构</span></strong>时应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">地理环境、传输介质、距离及<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>性</span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">14、综合布线<span style="color: black;">包含</span>6个子系统</h1>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/4f1ce95f05a847d98e2e81c37da18814~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=DKxcRx2oEL64e4z4Aj9bDvoxlvk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6个子系统的功能:</span></strong></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">建筑群子系统:</span></strong>实现<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">建筑物之间的相连接</span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>介质是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光缆</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">垂直干线子系统:</span></strong>负责<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接管理间子系统到设备间子系统</span></strong>,使用<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光缆或UTF</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">水平配线子系统:</span></strong>实现<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">信息插座和管理子系统的连接</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">设备间子系统:</span></strong>由设备中的电缆连接器和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>支撑设备<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">与公共系统设备相连</span></strong>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">管理子系统:</span></strong>为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接其他子系统<span style="color: black;">供给</span>连接手段</span></strong>,由<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">线架、HUB 和机柜、电源</span></strong>等<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">工作区子系统:</span></strong>由终端设备<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接到信息插座的连线</span></strong><span style="color: black;">构成</span>。<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接器和适配器</span></strong>。<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">15、信息安全的基本要素</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">机密性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">保证</span>信息<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不暴露给未授权</span></strong>的实体或进程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">完整性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>得到<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>修改数据,并且能够判别出数据<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>可已被篡改</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可用性:</span></strong>得到授权的实体在<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>时可<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>数据</span></strong>,即攻击者<span style="color: black;">不可</span>占用所有的资源而阻碍授权者的工作。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可控性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">能够</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>授权范围内</span></strong>的信息流向及<span style="color: black;">行径</span>方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可审查性:</span></strong>对<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的网络安全问题<span style="color: black;">供给</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">调查的依据和手段</span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">16、网络安全</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络安全<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做的工<span style="color: black;">做为</span>:<span style="color: black;">指定安全策略、用户验证、加密、<span style="color: black;">拜访</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、审计和管理</span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">17、网络攻击的<span style="color: black;">过程</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">信息收集(试探寻找突破口)、实施攻击、消除记录、<span style="color: black;">保存</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>权限</span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">18、防火墙、扫描器、防毒软件、安全审计系统</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">防火墙:</span></strong>鉴别什么样的数据包<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进出企业内部网,传统防火墙<span style="color: black;">没法</span>阻止和检测基于数据内容的黑客攻击和病毒入侵,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>内部网络之间的违规<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">扫描器:</span></strong>入侵检测的一种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">防毒软件:</span></strong>在应对黑客入侵方面,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>查杀特洛伊木马和蠕虫等病毒程序,但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>基于网络的攻击<span style="color: black;">行径</span>(如扫描、针对漏洞的攻击)却无能为力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">安全审计系统:</span></strong>全审计系统<span style="color: black;">经过</span>独立的、对网络<span style="color: black;">行径</span>和主机操作<span style="color: black;">供给</span>全面与忠实的记录,方便用户分析与审查事故<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,很像飞机上的黑匣子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理解:防火墙是门卫 扫描器是保安 防毒软件是自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span> 安全设计系统是纪委</span></span></strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">19、信息系统的安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等级</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">信息系统的安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等级共分为五级:</span></strong>信息安全等级<span style="color: black;">守护</span>是我国在信息化推进进程中实施的对信息系统安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">基本制度、<span style="color: black;">办法</span>和策略</span></strong>。计算机信息系统安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>能力随着安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等级的<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/e267388d13ac4895b205e11d0e6adecd~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724098969&x-signature=CFcWetd6VNXtKiVz2PSA4Wr5M1s%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">写在最后</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你正在备考或计划备考系规、软考高项,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>资料的<span style="color: black;">能够</span>私我,有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>最新的电子资料,有视频课程、讲义、资料、考试要点、论文写作、论文集等<span style="color: black;">必须</span>这方面资料的可私.我。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(绿.泡.泡:stypanda)</span></strong></p>
外贸B2B平台有哪些? 你的话深深触动了我,仿佛说出了我心里的声音。 系统提示我验证码错误1500次 \~゛,
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