nykek5i 发表于 2024-8-20 03:04:24

大数加减法运算快速、准确的办法来了


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">数学是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>每一个人都要学习的一门很重要的学习,而在这门学科中“数与代数”<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的知识又占据了其中的大项,考试中数学运算<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都占据着相当大的分值。基于此,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>要把数学学好的话,最最<span style="color: black;">基本</span>且重要的<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的运算能力了。</strong></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/ee3b39daf46442b1b56ea19cc3a60a0e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724049442&amp;x-signature=P8uIAZSmyh9TkHtfg1dEfwE5ESQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就聊一聊关于大数的加减法口算诀窍吧。</p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">大数的加法。</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">加法的运算技巧:<span style="color: black;">高位叠加法、削峰填谷法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高位叠加法</strong>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所有加数从最高的相同数位加起,以此类推,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>某一位上的数相加后是个位数,则在前面加一个0。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以 5028 + 3924 + 308 + 1025 这个加法算式为例来给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>图解,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>操作请看下图:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/639fbe9dd0bc4e8b932a1702324bf16a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724049442&amp;x-signature=ne3MZX4DVA5zpF%2BF7LoJeH7OeCI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>加数<span style="color: black;">很强</span>、较多的加法运算,会有很大的速度和正确率的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">削峰填谷法</strong>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">较接近下一个整十、整百、整千……的数,缺少的部分先给它填补上。较接近上一个整十、整百、整千……的数,多余的部分先给它去除掉。最后看与原计算式中加数的差值是多少,多的去掉,少的再补上。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以 5028 + 3924 这个加法算式为例来给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>图解,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>操作请看下图:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/58e5478f2b314a4280164da5ba35d981~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724049442&amp;x-signature=HiXtwVNvM3R2DUpVgGF48iunRHE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>加数较少、较接近于整十、整百、整千……的加法运算<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">很强</span>。</p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">大数的减法。</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">减法的运算技巧:公式法、“n1、1n”分段法。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">公式法</strong>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">被减数 - 减数 = (被减数 - <span style="color: black;">基准数</span>)+ (<span style="color: black;">基准数</span> - 减数)=差</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">公式法<span style="color: black;">其中</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>好基准数是快速得到正确答案的关键,<span style="color: black;">基准数<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是<span style="color: black;">少于</span>被减数且大于减数的整十、整百、整千……数</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以 1435 - 1263 这个减法算式为例来给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>解释一下:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>我选定的基准数为1400。(<span style="color: black;">选取</span>并非<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>这一个,1300<span style="color: black;">一样</span>可行。)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">套入公式:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1435 - 1263 =(1435 -1400)+(1400 - 1263)= 35 + 137 =172</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“n1、1n”分段法</strong>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">被减数<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是(n + 1)位数的话,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把它从最高位开始拆成一个n位数和1位数,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>分别让减数的对应数位去和被减数做减法运算。还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>把被减数从最高位<span style="color: black;">起始</span>拆成一个1位数和n位数,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>分别让减数的对应数位去和被减数做减法运算。(<span style="color: black;">无论怎么拆,前提是<span style="color: black;">保准</span>拆完的数做减法过程中够减不借位。</span>)<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以①1435 - 1263 和 ② 572 - 364 这两个减法算式为例来给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>图解,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>操作看下图:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/5194c756dbb2458f823ecd0f74bfab94~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724049442&amp;x-signature=FBWokqLCzmq4F6ZZMvLpvyx7pcc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①1435 - 1263 这个算式中,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>个位的 5 - 3 <span style="color: black;">能够</span>减开,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>我<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了把被减数拆成3位数143和1位数5来计算。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">② 572 - 364 这个算式中,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>个位的 2 - 4 减不开了,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>我<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了把被减数拆成1位数5和2位数72来计算。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">并不</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>非要把被减数拆成<strong style="color: blue;">“n1、1n”</strong>的形式来计算,当数位较多时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>拆成“(n-1)2、2(n-1)”、“(n-2)3、3(n-2)”……均可,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>要灵活运用。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我是<a style="color: black;">@添伊老爸</a>,一个热爱生活,<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>分享数学知识和育儿经验的班<span style="color: black;">专家</span>,欢迎<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的关注。</p>




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