搞不清楚自己的甲癌分期?看这儿
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>什么是肿瘤分期</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤分期是一种标准化的语言和科学的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>体系,并随着肿瘤诊疗的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>和数据的更新而<span style="color: black;">持续</span>修订。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种标准化的科学体系便于<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>之间、医患之间及<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>之间的沟通。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分期最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的两个<span style="color: black;">功效</span>如下:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">指点</span>治疗:不同的分期对应着不同的治疗方式或治疗方式的组合。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>了分期,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>在多种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中确定合适的治疗方式和策略。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、辅助判断病人预后:总体上讲,<span style="color: black;">处在</span>同一分期的病人,其大致的自然<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期是比较一致的,当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的年龄、总体健康水平等其他<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>什么是TNM分期系统?</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最常用于癌症的分期系统是美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)的TNM系统,它基于T(原发肿瘤)、N(淋巴结转移)和M(远处转移)三个信息来对癌症进行“灵魂拷问”:</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.肿瘤的范围/<span style="color: black;">体积</span>(T):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症有多大?它<span style="color: black;">已然</span>长入<span style="color: black;">周边</span>部位了吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.淋巴结(N):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">可否</span>扩散至<span style="color: black;">周边</span>淋巴结?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是,有多少?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.远处转移(M):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">可否</span>扩散到远处器官,如肺或肝或远处淋巴结?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>TNM分期和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的年龄,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把肿瘤分为四期,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>认为Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期属于肿瘤<span style="color: black;">初期</span>,Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期属于中晚期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分期越早,肿瘤的发展程度就越低、转移就越少、治疗效果就越好、术后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就越<span style="color: black;">不易</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>复发和转移。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>甲状腺乳头状癌的TNM分期</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>甲状腺乳头状癌的TNM分期标准吧(AJCC第8版甲状腺癌分期系统):</p>
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<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>TNM<span style="color: black;">归类</span>和诊断年龄,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将它分为四期:</h2>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">*与其他大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肿瘤不同,分化型甲状腺癌在分期时,诊断年龄<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>信息,第8版的甲状腺癌分期系统将诊断年龄切点值<span style="color: black;">调节</span>到了55岁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然,虽然前文<span style="color: black;">亦</span>说了,理论上讲分期越早,肿瘤的发展程度就越低、转移就越少、治疗效果就越好、术后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就越<span style="color: black;">不易</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>复发和转移,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>这毕竟<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只是个概率问题,再低的概率一旦发生了,那它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>100%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上不乏颈部侧区广泛转移<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>远处转移的病例在术后按时服药、积极复查、改善生活习惯后十年、二十年都未<span style="color: black;">显现</span>复发转移的例子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">反过来,术后<span style="color: black;">由于</span>觉得自己<span style="color: black;">无</span>淋巴结转移,很<span style="color: black;">不易</span>复发就不进行后续治疗、不复查,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>三五年内就<span style="color: black;">显现</span>复发、转移最后二进宫的甲友<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不少。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">俗话说:“只手术,不随访,懒惰癌症<span style="color: black;">亦</span>猖狂”。乳头状癌再懒<span style="color: black;">亦</span>始终是挂着一个“癌”字的,预后再怎么好都<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>复发和转移的特征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺乳头状癌的复发<span style="color: black;">通常</span>集中高发在术后5—10年间(这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是小i<span style="color: black;">始终</span>强调的“黄金十年”)。虽然说它“懒”到即使复发了<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会有太大的发展,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>正确的处理后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">得到</span>较长的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>咱们又何苦呢?</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-8deca8cee49964585b030cfe3ea141f3_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>结语</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后,本文的目的只是为了让甲友们初步<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>自己的分期,对自己的病情<span style="color: black;">情况</span>有一个初步的把握,换句话说,不要以本文为依据给自己“看病”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分期<span style="color: black;">做为</span>癌症的一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>指标确实有它的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在临床的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运用上,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合多个指标<span style="color: black;">一块</span>动态的下结论,这是<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>凭借专业知识和经验来判断的。咱们<span style="color: black;">做为</span>病人,只<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到“我是Ⅰ期,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>焦虑”<span style="color: black;">或</span>“我是Ⅳ期,是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>多<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>,更严格的去随访”这个程度就好了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孙威,贺亮,张浩.美国癌症联合委员会甲状腺癌分期系统(第八版)更新<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>.中国实用外科杂志,2017,3(37):255-258</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高明,葛明华主编.甲状腺肿瘤学,北京:人民卫生出版社,2018:242.</p>
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