1fy07h 发表于 2024-6-19 02:24:06

【诠释】甲状腺结节(乳头状癌)热消融疑问汇总


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节热消融术是近年来发展起来的一种微创治疗技术,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>射频消融、微波消融和激光消融等,它是在超声引导下,将消融针经皮肤<span style="color: black;">插进</span>甲状腺结节内,针尖<span style="color: black;">能够</span>加热甲状腺结节,利用热量将结节“烫死”,被“烫死”的结节会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>萎缩,被人体吸收,从而达到治愈或缓解甲状腺结节症状的目的。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>仍有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>对甲状腺结节热消融不<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有些疑惑,【昆明中研甲状腺医院】今天就针对甲状腺热消融<span style="color: black;">关联</span>问题进行汇总,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>能更好的认识这项治疗方式。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240306/6701c799c0c945839e66d42fe6247ae6.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺乳头状癌热消融之答疑解惑</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于甲状腺结节问题汇总</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行细针穿刺?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、TI-RADS分级4a级以上,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>可疑恶性超声特征者</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>转移的颈部淋巴结</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、弥漫性甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>确诊者</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、甲状腺癌外科术后新发病灶</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>良性结节<span style="color: black;">必须</span>热消融者</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>甲状腺细针穿刺疼么?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细针穿刺活检(FNA),简而言之,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>用一根很细的针(不超过1mm)<span style="color: black;">经过</span>皮肤扎到结节里,反复抽吸取出部分细胞出来,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>病理学来诊断结节<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是良性还是恶性的,细胞量不足以诊断时要加做基因检测。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>穿刺针比抽血的针还细,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>打麻药(打麻药的过程更疼),<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>甲状腺细针病理结果准确吗?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>医院穿刺<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的穿刺水平、病理科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的阅片诊断水平、穿刺标本的加工水平不同,都可能会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>误诊,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>病理结果的判读<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要综合判断,结合超声结果,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>超声提示可疑恶性,而病理是良性,这个时候,要么再次穿刺,要么请上级<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>或上级医院会诊,要么做基因检测。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,超声引导下穿刺是看着穿刺的,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>进到结节里,才会取病理,哪怕再小的结节,只要超声能看到,理论上都能扎住,病理结果的准确性<span style="color: black;">重点</span>取决于细胞量和病理水平。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>消融前的细针穿刺会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>转移吗?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">理论上,只要活检就可能带来肿瘤细胞的种植,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,细胞的种植<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的环境,并不是带出细胞就会存活,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">为何</span>看不到甲状腺活检<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的转移。细针穿刺<span style="color: black;">针对</span>病情的诊断和治疗的价值远远大于种植所产生的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,结节留在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>,每分钟都可能有肿瘤细胞要随血液循环移动到全身各处,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>都<span style="color: black;">无</span>转移,细针穿刺就更不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>转移了。当然,即使几乎不可能转移,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在穿刺过程中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>去避免种植转移的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>隐匿性淋巴结<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>处理?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">颈部中央区淋巴结清扫会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>并发症的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>喉返神经<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,甲状旁腺功能减低,淋巴管瘘等,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量有很大的影响。部分惰性的甲状腺癌侵袭性弱,中央区淋巴结转移的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较低,对这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>常规进行淋巴结清扫很可能属于过度治疗。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>对术前<span style="color: black;">没</span>法确定<span style="color: black;">可否</span>存在中央区隐匿性淋巴结转移的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,要减少不必要的淋巴结清扫,最大化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在治疗中的获益。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国际上<span style="color: black;">针对</span>隐匿性淋巴结转移的处理方式<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有很好多争议,有一种观点,不主张预防性清除颈部淋巴结,即使淋巴结有数个转移<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不主张清扫淋巴结,毕竟连<span style="color: black;">检测</span>都<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的淋巴结显然是很小的。这种<span style="color: black;">方法</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的理论依据,淋巴结就像人体的哨兵,为了<span style="color: black;">少许</span>有问题的淋巴结,把大部分正常的淋巴结都清除了,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一旦再复发,反而有可能转移的更远。而人只要活着,年纪越大,得肿瘤的机会越多,永远<span style="color: black;">无</span>一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>能做到真正的赶尽杀绝。过犹不及,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>主张影像学<span style="color: black;">没</span>瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>或带瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更<span style="color: black;">注意</span>生活质量,完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span>把癌症当作慢性病处理,只要影像学上看不到肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">让医学有温度,让医院有温暖!治病要以“<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为中心”,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>为了治病,忘了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,权衡利<span style="color: black;">坏处</span>,最大限度的<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的正常组织器官,把对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的损失减到最小,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量,延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生命为<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6、</span>甲状腺微小乳头状癌,是手术切除还是超声介入热消融呢?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有人认为是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>超声分辨力的<span style="color: black;">加强</span>和技术进步,越来越多的甲状腺微小癌被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>甲状腺癌的发病率<span style="color: black;">提升</span>了10倍<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>死亡率却<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>变化。传统的思想观念<span style="color: black;">便是</span>手术切除,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>恰恰甲状腺乳头状癌和所有其他癌都不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它极度惰性,除了极个别的,大部分患甲状腺乳头状癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的寿命都不受影响。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>面对这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,甲状腺微小乳头状癌在国际指南上制定了<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不手术,<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span>的处理<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺微小乳头状癌能复查的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>乳头状癌是一种惰性癌,有大部分人可能终生都不会发展,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有人说,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">一生</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>得一种癌,那就<span style="color: black;">选取</span>甲状腺乳头状癌,可见其恶性程度之低。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>乳头状癌还有一个特性,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>即便转移<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>只局限在颈部淋巴结转移,几乎不会远处转移,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>隐匿性淋巴结转移终生都不会发展,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>非要处理<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的淋巴结,就像一个人总是纠结身体里面有癌<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>说<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>血液里<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都会产生癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能<span style="color: black;">每日</span>住在医院里换一遍血吗?<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,就像出门可能碰到车祸,可能被掉落的花盆砸中,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>而不出门。癌细胞<span style="color: black;">一样</span>如此,只要能<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>处理,很难威胁生命,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>因噎废食。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>,治疗癌症的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>办法<span style="color: black;">便是</span>把全身切完,但切完后人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不复存在,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>恶性程度很高的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>晚期癌症,咱们并不<span style="color: black;">需求</span>把癌细胞赶尽杀绝,而是带瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>慢性病管理,一旦有变化,再<span style="color: black;">即时</span>处理。手术切除甲状腺乳头状癌是以永久丧失<span style="color: black;">自己</span>甲状腺功能为代价的,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>终生吃药维持,而吃药维持的甲状腺功能是<span style="color: black;">不可</span>随人体代谢自我调节的,会带来<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>内分泌问题,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>皮肤的末梢神经<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被手术切断不可再生,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人颈部终生有异样感觉。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>面对甲状腺乳头状癌这种低复发率的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,一味追求理论上的低复发率而<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>进行外科手术,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>丧失<span style="color: black;">自己</span>甲状腺功能,有些是<span style="color: black;">坏处</span>大于利的。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>手术在内,<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何一种手段<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让乳头状癌切除后永久不复发,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>一种肿瘤能长起来,就肯定是和全身血液循环相连的,除非是把人体的内脏<span style="color: black;">所有</span>切除。我觉得消融和手术应该互为<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>,把<span style="color: black;">病人</span>放在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>位,充分<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>和复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>最适合<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗方式。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>仅<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查不做处理总觉得有心理<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>,切除又觉得创伤太大,消融刚好是介于中间的手段,更合适。.甲状腺微小乳头状癌的超声介入消融能够在不切开皮肤和甲状腺表面的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,利用尖端发热的针(针要比<span style="color: black;">捐血</span>的针还要细),加热到100度,把肿瘤原位烧死,人体再慢慢吸收掉,有些人可能会在甲状腺内部有个疤痕,皮肤上不会有任何伤口。一针到位,消融彻底,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>切除所造成的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>,理论上更<span style="color: black;">不易</span>转移。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7、</span>热消融安全吗?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>做消融的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>来讲,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,既然是超声引导,超声<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>做治疗时的眼睛,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,最<span style="color: black;">重要</span>的是超声,超声技术越好,消融越可能做的更好。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你能看清楚,就算是经验不足,只要超声技术足够好,起码<span style="color: black;">没</span>非是做的慢点,但不至于<span style="color: black;">由于</span>搞不清<span style="color: black;">周边</span>结构而出事,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说就算做的不太好,起码做不坏。其次,消融碰到危险部位,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会应用水隔离技术、移动消融技术、超声实时监测等手段<span style="color: black;">保准</span>安全。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8、</span>热消融能把乳头状癌做干净吗?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">热消融是在超声全程监测下进行的,只要超声技术足够好,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>过程能看见结节被覆盖,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会做不干净,当然,消融只能把超声下<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>的肿瘤做掉,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>避免以后不长新的,人活着,就会<span style="color: black;">生病</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">9、</span>热消融术后<span style="color: black;">可否</span>会有粘连?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">热消融是在超声引导<span style="color: black;">监测</span>下治疗,<span style="color: black;">精细</span>定位,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>合适路径,避开神经及血管,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>实在离神经太近,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在神经<span style="color: black;">周边</span>打水隔离,<span style="color: black;">守护</span>神经。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺手术创伤大,并发症多,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>道理很简单,创伤越大就会粘连越重,而消融则是把一根消融针准确送到病灶内,创伤极小,粘连就更少,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>三个月就吸收,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>能看到的1厘米消融的结节半年都完全吸收了,何况看不见的粘连,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>虽然甲状腺乳头状癌复发率低,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>万一复发<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>再做手术<span style="color: black;">或</span>再次消融,不复发就<span style="color: black;">保存</span>住了甲状腺,即使复发,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是比直接手术多了一次手术机会。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十、热消融有什么不足吗?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、部分结节<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是良性结节存在过度治疗的嫌疑。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、部分医生超声技术<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>开展技术,把开刀手术比喻成打篮球,把消融治疗比喻成打兵乓球,用打篮球的技术<span style="color: black;">指点</span>打乒乓球,容易出并发症。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、部分乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有侵袭性,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>淋巴结有转移没看到,<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>而进行了消融。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">1、</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>结节适合热消融?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">针对</span>良性结节,原则上<span style="color: black;">最少</span>要大于2公分并<span style="color: black;">显现</span>相应症状的,太小的结节<span style="color: black;">无</span>做的价值,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>复查没变化,完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span>复查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法完全避免恶性的结节,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>病理提示滤泡性结节,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>手术治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.恶性结节只消融<span style="color: black;">无</span>影像学所见的淋巴结转移的乳头状癌,要排除高危的乳头状癌。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.<span style="color: black;">针对</span>开刀手术后,又<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>淋巴结转移,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>病情及技术水平,适当的<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>消融。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">2、</span>图表1:甲状腺腔镜手术和开刀手术的区别</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240306/9fbefbe12d56470d853fc7977587063a.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">图表2:甲状腺消融和甲状腺开刀手术的区别</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240306/2256b6ad9a8e4e0881cf749cd9820d12.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">3、</span>超声引导下热消融治疗甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超声介入微创治疗<span style="color: black;">没</span>须将病灶切除,而是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>热量将病灶原位“烧死”。用于介入的穿刺针只相当于10毫升的注射器针头,创伤和抽血差不多,做完按压15-30分钟<span style="color: black;">就可</span>出院,不影响正常生活和工作,针眼<span style="color: black;">次日</span>就愈合了。最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的是消融后能<span style="color: black;">保存</span>甲状腺功能,<span style="color: black;">不消</span>终生服药,免除了因<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>服药而带来的痛苦。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消融术后<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会复发,即便万一复发,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤生长速度很慢,大概一年生长1毫米,<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>再次<span style="color: black;">选取</span>消融。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>后期不适合消融治疗了,再<span style="color: black;">选取</span>手术切除<span style="color: black;">亦</span>为时不晚,倘若不复发,那<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就终身受益了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由此不难看出,热消融治疗有快捷、美观、创伤小、<span style="color: black;">花费</span>低、<span style="color: black;">没</span>需住院的绝对<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">4、</span>甲状腺热消融后<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>判断消融效果?<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>正确看待复查时超声报告的数据?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">做过甲状腺热消融后的甲状腺结节是一种<span style="color: black;">无</span>活性的瘢痕,通俗的讲就像化石<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在在甲状腺里。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>个人体质的差别,有些人的化石会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>缩小<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>慢慢吸收,有些人的化石会终身存在,不变大<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不变小,这些都是正常现象。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>想跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>交流的是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>看待和处理这些射频消融术后的结节瘢痕。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是良性结节,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>消融后结节皱缩,做彩超复查的时候会看起来很像恶性的结节,有些不太<span style="color: black;">认识</span>消融手术<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>经验的超声科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会把这部分瘢痕当成恶性的结节,在彩超报告里就会被描述成4a级,4b级<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>5级结节。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是恶性的结节,消融之后彩超图像上看起来会更像恶性的,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>复查时比以前还大,会被当成复发结节,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>要开刀切除。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>各地医院对消融手术的认知度和接受度不同,各位做过甲状腺射频消融的病友,在当地医院复查时<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">通知</span>彩超<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>做过消融手术的病史,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>当地<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提出手术切除的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要和当时做射频手术的<span style="color: black;">医生</span>联系沟通,切忌<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>做了不必要的手术。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">5、</span>消融后会复发么?怎么处理新发结节?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只要做彻底,消融后的结节不会再生长,且随着时间推移,会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>缩小吸收。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的复发<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在甲状腺其他位置长出新的结节<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>淋巴结转移,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有新发<span style="color: black;">或</span>万一<span style="color: black;">无</span>彻底,可<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>再次<span style="color: black;">选取</span>消融<span style="color: black;">或</span>手术,乳头状癌的复发率还是很低的,只要<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查彩超就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>,真<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>处理就可。以乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>一年至多2毫米的生长速度,不会耽误治疗,只要在<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>处理,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>不会影响人的寿命,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>才会被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为“幸福癌”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">6、</span>消融后会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>么?<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>吃药?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术切除<span style="color: black;">必须</span>终生<span style="color: black;">或</span>几年的服药来弥补甲状腺激素的缺失,而吃药维持的甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>随人体代谢自我调节的,高了低了都不合适,皮肤的末梢神经被切断<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不可再生,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人颈部会终生有异样感觉。而消融只是把有问题的结节给烧死,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会<span style="color: black;">损害</span>正常甲状腺组织,完整的<span style="color: black;">保存</span>了甲状腺,术前甲功正常,术后几乎<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲功的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>是不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>吃药的。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>认为术后应用优甲乐能预防复发,就算是正确的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>应用于微小乳头状癌这种本来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>惰性的,加上复发率又不高,<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>别的影响,个人认为<span style="color: black;">坏处</span>大于利,还不如<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">7、</span>甲状腺结节多久复查一次比较合适?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>良性者:结节&lt;10mm2年1次,结节&gt;10mm1年1次。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>恶性原则上<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>穿刺,若<span style="color: black;">病人</span>拒绝穿刺,复查标准为:结节&lt;5mm,1年1次;结节5—10mm,1年1次。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节靠近气管,深方背膜、下极等特殊位置者,半年复查一次。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 结节&gt;10 mm ,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>即刻穿刺。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>颈部<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>摸到包块者,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>包块<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>增大,随时过来<span style="color: black;">检测</span>超声。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 甲状腺病损热消融术后复查:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)甲状腺良性结节术后<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次半年复查,以后1年1次;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)甲状腺乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">第1</span>年每隔三个月复查1次,第二年半年1次,第三年和以后一年复查1次。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">十<span style="color: black;">8、</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着社会进步,生活压力的增大,生活节奏的快速,甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的人群越来越多,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是广大群所关心的问题,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>甲状腺结节给人们<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是身体上,还是心理上都带来了不同程度的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>尤为的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>方面</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中的碘元素对甲状腺的影响最大,<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>切忌高碘以及摄入碘不足,碘过量会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲亢,碘缺乏会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>甲状腺肿大。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">增多</span>蛋白质,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的肉类,蛋类,牛奶豆浆等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>维生素B类的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>绿叶蔬菜,芹菜,油菜,油麦菜等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③避免<span style="color: black;">有些</span>海<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的摄入,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,鱼,虾,蟹等;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④避免刺激性<span style="color: black;">食品</span>的摄入,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,茶,咖啡,烟酒等 ;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提醒:高原山区的人群应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>补碘,而沿海地区的人群应<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>碘的摄入。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.避免过度<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的生活节奏较快,甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>越来越<span style="color: black;">青年</span>化,过度<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>内分泌系统的失调,降低人体免疫力,使甲状腺容易发<span style="color: black;">患病</span>变。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要劳逸结合,保持健康的生活与工作方式。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证明,甲状腺结节的病人多与<span style="color: black;">心情</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>,<span style="color: black;">心情</span>起伏不定严重的影响甲状腺激素的分泌,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>诱发甲亢等甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>应该反复的提醒自己,保持良好的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>、<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的生活态度。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.远离辐射及污染</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">远离辐射,如CT、放射线等,远离工业生产中的废水、废物污染饮用水源。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.运动<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">适当的运动,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫力,可有效的减少甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑:网友投稿</span></p>




流星的美 发表于 2024-9-10 01:04:38

我深受你的启发,你的话语是我前进的动力。

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-9 02:10:41

你的话深深触动了我,仿佛说出了我心里的声音。

b1gc8v 发表于 2024-10-16 01:24:27

“板凳”(第三个回帖的人)‌
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