想学习生产计划前,先把这些东西搞明白!计划专业词语解释---下
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">计划专业词语 虽然难记,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>还是要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,今天继续接着昨天的内容,把<span style="color: black;">这般</span>专业词语<span style="color: black;">一块</span>搞定!</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OEM生产,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">选定</span>生产,俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>代工(生产),基本含义为品牌生产者不直接生产<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,而是利用自己<span style="color: black;">把握</span>的关键的核心技术负责设计和<span style="color: black;">研发</span>新<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>销售<span style="color: black;">途径</span>.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原始设备制造商<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的加工任务<span style="color: black;">经过</span>合同订购的方式<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>同类<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的其他厂家生产。之后将所订<span style="color: black;">制品</span>低价买断,并直接贴上自己的品牌商标。这种<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>他人生产的合作方式简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>OEM,承接加工任务的制造商被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为OEM厂商,其生产的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为OEM<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。可见,<span style="color: black;">选定</span>生产属于加工贸易中的“代工生产”方式,在国际贸易中是以商品为载体的劳务出口。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">ODM</strong>(Original Design Manufactuce</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原始设计制造商)。 它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>从<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>、设计制造到后期<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>服务,客户只需向ODM服务商提出<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的功能、性能<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>只需<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的构思,ODM服务商就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将<span style="color: black;">制品</span>从设想变为现实。 某些制造商设计出<span style="color: black;">制品</span>后,会被别的企业看中,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>配上该企业自己的品牌名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>来生产、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>小的设计上的改动进行生产,并且以自己的品牌来<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做的最大的好处是后者减少了自己的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>时间。习惯<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>前者为后者的ODM。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">通俗的说:A方看中B方的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,让B方生产,用A方商标,对A方<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这叫 OEM; A方自带技术和设计,让B方加工,这叫 ODM</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/9d885a26-b689-4b68-b92f-c1d5d72ff3d9~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724028960&x-signature=9YbIJjUUsJfz0aup1bFI9miSMMw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">订单类</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PO---Purchase Order 采购订单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PR---Purchase Requsition 采购需求申请</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SO---Sales Order <span style="color: black;">营销</span>订单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PI---proforma invoice 形式发票。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">形式发票<span style="color: black;">也</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>预<span style="color: black;">研发</span>票。出口商有时应进口商的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,将准备出口货物的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、规格、数量、单价、估计总值等等开立一种非正式的参考性发票.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SR---Sample Requisition 样板需求</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">FOB--Free On Board 船上交货价</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语之一。按离岸价进行的交易,买方负责派船接运货物,卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内将货物装上买方指定的船只,并<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">通告</span>买方。货物在装运港被装上指定船时,<span style="color: black;">危害</span>即由卖方转移至买方。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/e4c46abc-5110-4cb5-9691-8b65365f1447~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724028960&x-signature=dKXflovJQTQJiheIrO4hoFdfzac%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> L/C---信用证,全<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>Letter of credit</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是支付方式的一种,指银行(开证银行)(opening bank)询顾客(<span style="color: black;">一般</span>为买方)的请求与指示,向第三人(<span style="color: black;">一般</span>为卖方)所签发的一种文据(instruments)或函件(letter),其内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span>申请人名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、受益人(beneficiary)、发信日期、交易货物名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、数量、价格、贸易<span style="color: black;">要求</span>、受益人应开汇票的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>(<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>发票条款),押汇时应付之单据、装运日期、有效期限与开状银行给押汇银行(negotiating bank)或其他关系人之条款。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内绝大部分进出口贸易是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>信用证支付的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SKD---SemiKnocked Down 半散装件</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在国际贸易中,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在国际汽车贸易中,整车出口国的汽车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>把成品予以拆散,而以半成品或零部件的方式出口,再由进口厂商在所在国以<span style="color: black;">自动</span>装配方式完成整车成品并进行<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CKD---Completely Knock Down 全散件组装</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全散件可以是进口零部件,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是本地生产的零部件。<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>大部分OEM配套供应商采用一部分进口零部件,一部分本地生产的零部件或有的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>是本地生产的零部件在装配线上组装成总成或部件。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/d207e3a3-0c21-4118-a2ac-4187e3d56004~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724028960&x-signature=qU8w5rdxzdMD4Fk2FlZnMB2XX%2BE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">品质类</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">QC--- Quality Control 品质<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>部</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">QA--- Quality Assurance 品质<span style="color: black;">保准</span>部</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IQC--Incoming Quality Contro 来料质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PQC---Process Quality Control 过程质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">QE---Quality Engineering 品质工程</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">FQC---Final Quality Control <span style="color: black;">最后</span>质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IPQC---In Process Quality Control 制程质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OQC---Outgoing Quality Control 出货品质<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SQE--- Supplier Quality Engineer 供应商质量工程师</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生产计划<span style="color: black;">平常</span>工作与品质<span style="color: black;">分部</span>打交道是经常的事情,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要记住这些术语,后续要出货的时候,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>品质<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的时候,快速找到<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>沟通再沟通,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>中小企业,来料品质和过程品质<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">失去控制</span>状态。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/82f83dd6-fd70-41b8-a7ad-e7e5bfaf8531~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724028960&x-signature=ZXWjxQlYe4bM40M9jfRW5hKjstY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">生产类</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">WIP----Working In Progress 在制品(半成品)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>一个工厂的物料<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为三类:1.成品,即所有制程都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>结束,质量检验<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,这部分放在成品仓库中;2.原材料,即从供应商处获取的,还未经过任何加工的的材料;3.WIP,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>在制品,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>领出的原材料,在经过部分制程之后,还<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>所有的制程,<span style="color: black;">或</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>经过质量检验,因而还<span style="color: black;">无</span>进入到成品仓库的部分,无论这部分<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>生产完成,只要还<span style="color: black;">无</span>进入到成品仓库,就叫WIP。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>中小企业的WIP是非常高的,为了<span style="color: black;">保证</span>订单有料,把上面的三类库存都做得高,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是WIP,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>虽然出货加快了,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>掩盖了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拉动式生产(pull production)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后工序仅<span style="color: black;">按照</span>前工序的需求来加工<span style="color: black;">必定</span>数量的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,一个工序衔接一个工序的需求,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>就形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>拉式生产方式。为了有效<span style="color: black;">方便</span>地传递需求,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>看板手段,即在看板上标明需求量及现有量等信息,后工序可<span style="color: black;">按照</span>看板信息进行生产</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">推动式生产(Push Production) </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>MRP的计算<span style="color: black;">规律</span>,各个<span style="color: black;">分部</span>都是<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>规定的生产计划进行生产。上工序无需为下工序负责,生产出<span style="color: black;">制品</span>后<span style="color: black;">根据</span>计划把<span style="color: black;">制品</span>送达后工序<span style="color: black;">就可</span>,这种方式<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为推动式生产。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大部分企业都<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的推式生产,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>WIP库存<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">准时化生产(Just In Time)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指生产工序在<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的时间、<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>的量生产<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。这与拉式生产是一脉相承的,准时化生产正是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>看板拉动这种方式实现的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SMED---Single Minute Exchange of Die 快速换模</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Machine C/T:指的是<span style="color: black;">设备</span>加工每件<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的周期时间</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OEE---Overall Equipment Effectiveness 表现设备<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的生产能力相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>理论产能的比率,是一种独立的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>工具</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PPH--piece per person per hour 单位小时一个人的产值(做多少<span style="color: black;">制品</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PPH 是生产计划重点关注的一个指标,决定了你的排产!</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/92356f3c-321c-4c6b-ae7a-cf1806de6392~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724028960&x-signature=NRgjhJTNY5%2B5tZruMH1cGMC2kpk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上专业术语,<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">保藏</span>,以备<span style="color: black;">查找</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我是古哥计划,头条号作者,职场问答专家,职场<span style="color: black;">行业</span>创作者,专注生产计划15年。<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>,请点头像关注。</p>
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